AN 


LIBRARY 


University  of  California. 

GIFT  OF 
THE    FAMILY  OF   REV.   DR.  GEORGE    MOOAR 

•  Class 


HISTORY 


ANDOVER 


FROM   ITS   SETTLEMENT   TO  1829. 


BY  ABIEL.  ABBOT,  A.  M. 


(^   Of  THE 
UNIVERSITY 


andover: 

PRINTED  AND  PUBLISHED  BY  FLAGG  AND  GOULD. 
1829. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The  Compiler,  for  he  does  not  assume  the  name 
of  Author,  of  the  following  history,  offers  his  thanks  to 
all  who  have  aided  him  in  collecting  the  documents 
and  facts,  which  are  here  stated.  That  there  are  no 
errors,  it  would  be  foolish  to  pretend  ;  but  there  are  no 
intentional  errors.  He  has  used  with  much  freedom, 
the  language  of  the  documents  from  which  the  com- 
pilation has  been  made.  He  hopes  that  some  impor- 
tant facts  have  been  rescued  from  oblivion  ;  and  that 
many  may  be  gratified  with  being  able  to  trace  the 
steps  of  their  descent  from  their  ancestors,  who  first 
settled  in  this  country.  When  the  first  permanent  set- 
tlement was  made  in  Andover  has  not  been  precisely 
ascertained.  Some  early  transactions  could  not  be  as- 
certained through  defect  of  records  occasioned  by  dep- 
redations of  the  Indians.  Few  occurrences  were  noted 
by  the  early  settlers,  and  traditions  are  few  and  dim. 
The  compilation  after  no  inconsiderable  labor  and 
pains,  is  offered  to  the  public,  and,  especially,  to  the 
inhabitants  of  Andover,  and  to  the  descendants  of  the 
early  settlers  of  that  ancient  and  respectable  town. 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


I  '-"      THE 

CHAP.  I.f    UNIVERSITY 

\  or 

TOPOGRAPH  Y>^kli:2jj. 

Andover,  in  the  county  of  Essex,  Mass.  situated  on 
the  south  easterly  side  of  the  Merrimack,  20  miles  N.  of 
Boston,  16  NW.  of  Salem,  20  S.  westerly  from  Newbury- 
port,  8  S.  of  Haverhill,  and  467  from  Washington,  is  bound- 
ed on  the  NNW.  10  miles  and  307  rods  by  the  Merrimack, 
which  separates  it  from  Dracut  and  Methuen  ;  on  the  NE. 
146  rods  by  Bradford,  and  7  miles  and  241  rods  by  Box- 
ford  ;  on  the  SE.  3  miles  and  66  rods  by  Middleton  ;  on 
the  S.  4  miles  by  Reading,  and  2  miles  and  285  rods  by 
Wilmington;  and  on  the  SW.  6  miles  and  197  rods  by 
Tewksbury.  It  was  originally  bounded  by  the  Merrimack, 
Rowley,  Salem,  Woburn,  and  Cambridge,  which  formerly 
included  Billerica  and  Tewksbury. 

The  town  is  well  watered.  It  has  the  Merrimack  the 
whole  length  of  its  N.  westerly  side.  Cochichewick  brook, 
issuing  from  Great  Pond,  in  the  NE.  part  of  the  town,  af- 
ter a  N.  westerly  course  of  about  one  and  a  half  mile,  emp- 
ties into  the  Merrimack,  a  little  more  than  a  mile  below 
Andover  bridge,  and  furnishes  a  number  of  good  and  safe 
mill  seats,  on  which  there  are  now  three  factories  for  wool 
and  one  grist  mill;  two  grist  mills  have  lately  been  stopped. 

The  Shawshin  rises  in  Lexington,  passes  through  Bed- 
ford, the  easterly  part  of  Billerica,  NW.  part  of  Wilnnng- 
1* 


6  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

ton,  and  S.  easterly  corner  of  Tewksbury,  enters  Andover 
at  the  SW.  corner,  has  a  N.  easterly  course,  dividing  the 
South  Parish  diagonally,  and  is  discharged  into  the  Mer- 
rimack, about  a  mile  below  Andover  bridge  about  60  rods 
above  the  Cochichewick,  and  is  about  three  rods  wide. 
There  are  upon  it,  three  factories  for  wool,  a  machine  fac- 
tory, a  paper  mill,  three  grist  mills  and  two  saw  mills  ;  one 
grist  and  one  saw  mill  near  its  mouth,  in  1823,  were  taken 
down.  A  short  stream  empties  into  Shawshin  at  Frye's 
Village,  on  which  is  a  grist  mill,  saw  mill  and  a  fulling 
mill.  Near  to  this  is  a  small  stream  on  which  is  a  trip 
hammer.  A  small  stream  from  Foster's  pond  had  mills  up- 
on it.  A  stream  a  little  above  Andover  bridge  has  had  a 
saw  mill  upon  it ;  also  the  stream  from  Haggett's  pond. 
Rose  meadow  brook  empties  into  Great  Pond  and  has  a 
saw  mill  upon  it  near  its  mouth.  The  water  of  these 
streams  is  discharged  into  the  Merrimack. 

Musquetoe  brook,  Boston  brook,  river  meadow  brook, 
and  Frye's  brook,  have  mills  upon  them,  and  discharge 
their  water  into  Ipswich  river.  Besides  these,  there  are 
brooks  and  springs,  which  supply  water  for  every  farm  and 
house  in  the  town.  Good  water,  at  a  small  depth  below 
the  surface,  may  almost  every  where  be  obtained. 

Great  Pond,  so  called,  in  the  NE.  part  of  the  town, 
about  a  mile  from  the  Merrimack,  is  a  fine  dear  basin  of 
water  containing  about  447  acres,  and  is  well  stocked  with 
fish.  Before  obstructions  on  the  brook,  multitudes  of 
alewives  passed  into  the  pond,  and  large  quantities  were 
taken  from  the  brook  for  the  use  of  the  inhabitants,  and 
they  also  furnished  a  revenue  to  the  town. 

Haogett's  Pond,  in  which  are  two  small  islands,  is  in 
the  west  parish,  more  than  a  mile  from  the  Merrimack, 
and  contains  about  220  acres.  It  is  thought  that  this 
pond  may  be  turned  into  the  Shawshin  for  the  benefit  of 
the  mills  and  factories. 


TOPOGRAPHY.  7 

Foster's  pond  in  the  south  parish,  contains  50  acres. 
The  water  runs  into  the  Shawshin,  above  Ballard's  mills; 
and,  it  is  said,  that  the  pond  may  be  easily  drained.  Pomp's, 
formerly  Ballard's  Pond,  near  the  Shawshin,  empties  into 
it,  a  short  distance  below  Ballard's  mills.  It  contains  37£ 
acres.  The  channel  of  the  brook  has  been  cleared  in  some 
degree,  to  let  off  more  of  its  water  in  a  dry  season.  With 
a  little  labour,  two  or  three  feet  of  water  may  be  led  from 
the  pond  into  the  river  for  the  benefit  of  the  mills  below. 
These  ponds  are  well  supplied  with  small  fish.  Beaver  dam 
pond  in  the  SE.  part  of  the  town  contains  3£  acres.  As- 
lebe's  pond,  near  to  it,  contains  two  acres. 

The  Merrimack  formerly  abounded  with  salmon  and 
shad,  which  were  also  taken  plentifully  in  the  Shawshin. 
Considerable  quantities  of  shad  are  still  taken  in  the  Mer- 
rimack, but  very  few  salmon.  Alewives  were  taken  in 
great  quantities  from  the  streams  emptying  into  the  Mer- 
rimack. They  were  sometimes  put  into  the  hills  of  corn 
with  much  effect ;  but  some  have  thought  them  injurious 
to  the  land. 

On  each  side  of  the  Shawshin  and  of  most  of  the  brooks, 
the  meadows  are  numerous  and  good.  Near  the  banks  of 
this  river  is  a  sandy  rich  loam.  In  the  south  west  part  of 
the  town,  the  plains  are  of  considerable  extent.  The  wood 
on  this  land  is  chiefly  pine  ;  but  oak  often  succeeds  the 
pine.  In  the  northwest  part  of  the  town,  the  land  is  some- 
what stony  and  hilly,  and  is  hard  of  culture  but  sufficient- 
ly rewards  the  labour  of  the  husbandman.  Oak  is  the 
principal  growth  ;  but  there  is  some  walnut,  maple,  pine. 
Wood  and  timber  from  the  banks  of  the  Merrimack  are  of- 
ten rafted  down  the  river  to  Newburyport.  The  easterly 
part  of  the  south  parish  is  undulating,  somewhat  rocky, 
moist,  hard  of  culture,  but  fertile  and  amply  remunerating 
the  industry  and  skill  of  the  cultivator. 

In  the  north  parish,   the  land  is  uneven,   rising  into 


8  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

large  hills,  affording  fine  and  delightful  prospects  and  sce- 
nery. "  Its  surface  is  elegantly  undulating,  and  its  soil  in 
an  eminent  degree  fertile.  The  meadows  are  numerous, 
large,  and  of  the  first  quality.  The  groves  charmingly  in- 
terspersed, are  tall  and  thrifty.  The  landscape  every  where 
varied,  neat  and  cheerful,  is  also,  every  where  rich."  The 
natural  growth  is,  the  several  kinds  of  oak,  walnut,  maple, 
pine,  elm,  oilnut,  ash,  cedar  in  some  swamps. 

"This  parish  is  a  mere  collection  of  plantations,  with- 
out any  thing  like  a  village."  The  houses  are  generally 
good,  some  are  large  and  elegant.  The  barns  are  large 
and  well  built  and  indicate  a  fertile  and  well  cultivated  soil. 
"  Upon  the  whole,  Andover  is  one  of  the  best  farming 
towns  in  eastern  Massachusetts."* 

The  south  parish  has  a  considerable  village,  extending 
north  of  the  meeting  house,  also,  easterly  to  some  extent 
round  the  Institution,  and  westerly  near  the  factories.  The 
houses  are  generally  well  built,  handsome  and  in  a  good 
state,  and  afford  a  fine  appearance.  A  large  portion  of 
them  has  been  erected  within  twenty  or  thirty  years.  The 
town  is  adorned  with  ornamental  trees  near  almost  every 
dwelling  house  and  on  the  sides  of  the  streets. 

The  public  buildings  in  the  north  parish  are  a  meeting 
house  built  in  1753 — Franklin  Academy,  a  neat  one  story 
building.  In  the  south  parish,  a  meeting  house  erected  in 
1783 — near  to  it,  a  vestry — three  large  elegant  brick  build- 
ings and  a  steward's  house  for  the  Theological  Institu- 
tion,— an  elegant  brick  building  for  Phillips  academy — a 
Samaritan  house — a  Masonic  hall  of  brick  three  stories 
erected  in  18*26 — an  elegant  brick  building  for  the  Ando- 
ver Female  Academy  to  be  soon  completed.  In  the  west 
parish  a  stone  meeting  house  built  in  18*26.  There  are 
fifteen  school  houses  for  the  town  and  three  houses  for  pri- 
vate schools. 

*  Dr.  Dvvight'a  Travels. 


TOPOGRAPHY.  9 

In  several  places  beds  of  day  have  been  opened  ;  the 
one  most  extensively  worked  is  on  a  farm  belonging  to  the 
town,  and  is  of  good  quality.  About  300,000  bricks  are  an- 
nually made  in  the  yard,  and  disposed  of  for  the  benefit 
of  the  town. 

Red  Spring,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  south  meeting- 
house, on  the  north  west  side  of  Shawshin,  near  its  bank, 
is  chalybeate  ;  its  water  has  been  used  with  advantage  in 
some  cases.  This  might  probably  be  rendered  a  fashion- 
able resort  by  a  good  boarding  house  and  suitable  baths. 

Peat  meadows,  have  been  discovered,  and  fuel  is  taken 
from  some  of  them  which  has  lately  come  into  use  in  a 
number  of  families;  its  price  is  about  the  same  as  of  hard 
pine. 

The  Roads  in  Andover,  as  well  as  in  most  of  the  towns 
in  the  county,  are  crooked.  They  were  at  first  designed 
to  accommodate  individuals,  and  laid  out  from  house  to 
house.  Many  of  them  were  formerly  closed  with  gates  and 
passed  through  pastures  and  fields  ;  some  of  them  have  be- 
come useless.  The  town  within  a  few  years,  has  expended 
large  sums  in  making  new  roads,  and  in  straightening  and 
making  wider  old  ones.  All  the  roads  have  been  much  im- 
proved within  the  last  thirty  years. 

In  1806,  a  Turnpike  was  opened  from  Medford  through 
Reading,  south  parish  of  Andover  to  Concord,  N.  H.  &c. 
The  same  company  has  opened  a  turnpike  from  Salem, 
through  Danvers,  Middleton,  the  south  part  of  the  north 
parish  to  Andover  bridge.  The  old  roads  to  Boston  and 
Salem  have  been  so  much  improved  and  take  so  much  of 
the  travel,  as  to  render  these  turnpikes  less  profitable  than 
is  desired. 

The  upper  great  road  from  Boston  passes  through  An- 
dover, Haverhill,  &c.  to  Maine  ;  also  from  Boston  to  Con- 
cord, N.  H. ;  also  from  Salem  and  from  Newburyport  to 


10  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Lowell.  There  is  much  travelling  from  the  north  side  of 
the  Merrimack  through  Andover  to  Salem,  Newburyport, 
and  other  places  on  the  sea  coast. 

In  1825,  the  Training  Field,  north  from  Dr.  Kittridge's, 
was  exchanged  for  four  acres  south  of  the  North  Parish 
meeting-house  for  a  common  ;  and  the  horse  houses  were 
moved  to  the  other  side  of  the  meeting  house.  The  road 
from  the  meeting  house  to  Franklin  Academy  was  made 
wider.  This  has  much  improved  the  appearance,  and  ad- 
ded to  the  convenience  of  the  parish. 

Andover  Bridge  over  the  Merrimack.  The  act  of  in- 
corporation was  passed,  March  1793  ;  the  bridge  was  com- 
pleted the  November  following  at  an  expense  of  about 
$15,000.  It  wa3  nearly  800"  feet  in  length  and  40  in  width. 
It  rested  on  abutments  and  piers  of  wood,  and  required 
constant  repairs.  It  stood  about  seven  years.  In  1801,  a 
solid  arch  of  boards  was  made  over  the  main  channel  of 
the  river  110  feet ;  this  fell  immediately.  The  present 
bridge,  about  21  feet  wide,  was  built  in  1806-7,  and  rests 
upon  stone  piers  and  abutments  ;  it  has  several  times  had 
repairs.  It  takes  considerable  travel  from  Boston,  Salem, 
&c.  to  Concord,  N.  H.  &ct 


CHAP.  II. 

SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS. 

In  searching  for  places  suitable  for  settlements,  Merri- 
mack river  was  early  explored.  In  1634,  four  years  only 
after  the  "first  planting  of  Charlestown  and  Boston,  "  those 
of  Newtown  complained  ofstraitness  for  want  of  land,  and 
desired  leave  of  the  Court  to  look  out  either  for  enlarge- 


lux**  K/,m*^L™imymf*w2®<Jt~f:  en/&mjt**+ 

merit  or  removal,  which  was  granted  ;  whereupon  they  sent     mfT**  •* 
men  to  Agawam  and  Merrimack,  and  gave  out  they  would 
remove,"  &,c.    H  Newtown  men  being  straitened  for  ground 
sent  some  men  to    Merrimack  to  find  a    fit  place  to  trans- 
plant themselves."*,  y_  ^4,  /£;?i/. 

In  the  same  year,  the  following  order  of  the  Court  was 
issued  respecting  the  land  in  Andover.  "  It  is  ordered 
that  the  land  about  Cochichewick  shall  be  reserved  for  an 
inland  plantation,  and  whosoever  will  go  to  inhabit  there 
shall  have  three  years  immunity  from  all  taxes,  levies,  pub- 
lic charges  and  services  whatever,  mditary  discipline  only 
excepted.  "  "  John  Winthrop,  Richard  Bellingham  and 
William  Coddington,  Esquires,  are  chosen  a  Committee  to  li- 
cense any  that  may  think  meet  to  inhabit  there,  and  that  it 
shall  be  lawful  for  no  person  to  go  thither,  without  their 
consent,  or  the  major  part  of  them. "t 

It  is  difficult  to  ascertain  the  time  of  the  first  settlement, 
or  when  the  purchase  was  made  of  the  Indians.  The  land 
was  purchased  of  Cutshamache,  the  Sagamore  of  Massa- 
chusetts by  Mr.  Wood  bridge  for  £6  and  a  coat,  in  behalf 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Cochichewick.  Probably  Mr.  Edmund 
Faulkner  assisted  Mr.  Woodbridge,  as  there  is  a  tradition 
that  Mr.  F.  purchased  the  town  for  the  settlers.  This  pur- 
chase and  grant  were  confirmed  by  the  Court  in  1646, 
when  the  town  was  incorporated  by  the  name  of  Andover 
with  reference  to  some  of  the  planters,  who  came  from  An- 
dover in  Hampshire,  England.  In  1643  Massachusetts 
was  divided  into  four  counties,  or  shires.  The  county  of 
Essex  consisted  of  eight  towns,  or  settlements,  all  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Merrimack;  viz.  Salem,  Lynn,  Enon, 
now  Wenham,  Ipswich,  Rowley,  Newbury,  Cochichewick, 
now  Andover.     The   towns  on  the  north  side  of  the  Mer- 

*  Win  throp's  Journal,  Vol.  I.  pp.  132, 133. 
f  Colony  Records,  p.  143— for  1634. 


pi  *% 

12        .  HISTORY  OP   ANDOVER. 

I*.  '  « 

'  *         *  \ 

rimack  with  some  now  in  New  Hampshire  belonged  to  Nor- 
folk County. 

Such  portions  of  land  as  were  necessary  for  the  use  of 
the  settlers  were,  from  time  to  time,  set  off  to  individuals  in 
proportion  to  the  expenses,  or  taxes  paid  by  each,  and  their 
several  divisions  recorded  in  the  town  book.  When  a  person 
moved  into  town  for  the  purpose  of  settling,  land  was  sold 
to  him  by  the  town,  and  he  was  received  as  a  commoner  or 
proprietor.  Grants  were  made  by  vote  of  the  town,  and  all 
householders,  or  freeholders,  were  considered  as  proprie- 
tors and  voters.  The  business  was  conducted  in  this  man- 
ner, till  about  1715,  when  the  proprietors  considered  them- 
\  selves  as  a  body  distinct  from  the  town  corporation,  and  be- 
j  gan  their  records  as  proprietors. 

The  first  divisions  were  made  in  small  lots  ;  few  of  the 
house  lots  exceeded  ten  acres.  Plough  land  was  granted 
at  a  distance  in  small  lots  on  the  plains,  and  land  easy  of 
tillage  ;  swamp  or  meadow  land  for  hay  ;  and  wood  land, 
often  at  a  distance.  Which  method  of  laying  off  land  has 
rendered  farms  inconvenient  ;  and  much  of  the  inconve- 
nience remains  to  this  day.  Very  few  farms  of  considerable 
aize  are  compact. 

Transactions  in  many  particulars,  remain  in  obscurity, 
as  the  early  records  were  destroyed,  being  carried  away  by 
the  Indians. 

The  first  settlements  were  made  near  Cochichewick 
brook,  and  very  soon  upon  the  Shawshin.  Settlers  were 
soon  scattered  over  various  parts  of  the  town  ;  though  the 
principal  settlement  was  for  many  years,  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  meeting  house  and  Cochichewick  brook,  and  was  call- 
ed the  town. 

The  first  settlers  were  born  in  Great  Britain,  most  of 
them  in  England.  On  a  leaf  in  the  town  records,  the  fol- 
lowing list  is  written  in   an    ancient   hand,  without  date, 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  13 

but  probably  when  most  of  the  first  settlers  were  living,  and 
may  be  considered  as  nearly  correct.  "  The  names  of  all 
the  householders  in  order  as  they  came  to  town  ; — Mr.  Brad- 
street,  John  Osgood,  Joseph  Parker,  Richard  Barker,  John 
Stevens,  Nicholas  Holt,  Benjamin  Woodbridge,  John  Frye, 
Edmond  Faulkner,  Robert  Barnard,  Daniel  Poor,  Nathan 
Parker,  Henry  Jaques,  John  Aslett,  Richard  Blake,  William 
Ballard,  John  Lovejoy,  Thomas  Poor,  George  Abbot,  John 
Russ,  Andrew  Allen,  Andrew  Foster,  Thomas  Chandler." 
Some  of  these  brought  families  with  them  ;  others  were 
young  unmarried  men.  All  of  these,  and  probably  others, 
were  in  Andover  before  1644  ;  many  followed  them  in  the 
course  of  a  few  years. 

Simon  Bradstreet,  son  of  a  nonconforming  minister, 
was  born  March  160:3,  at  Horblin,  Lincolnshire.  His  fa- 
ther died  when  he  was  fourteen  years  old,  and  he  was  com- 
mitted to  the  care  of  Hon.  Thomas  Dudley  for  eight  years 
following.  He  spent  one  year  at  Emanuel  college,  Cam- 
bridge, pursuing  his  studies  amidst  various  interruptions. 
Leaving  Cambridge,  he  resided  in  the  family  of  the  Earl  of 
Lincoln  as  his  steward ;  and,  afterwards,  lived  in  the  same  - 
capacity  with  the  Countess  of  Warwick.  Having  married 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  Dudley,  he  with  Mr.Winthrop,  Mr.  Dud- 
ley and  others  agreed  to  emigrate  and  form  a  settlement 
in  Massachusetts ;  and  being  appointed  an  assistant,  he 
with  his  family  and  others  went  aboard  the  Arbella,  on 
the  29th  of  March  1630;  anchored,  June  12,  near  Naum- 
keak,  now  Salem,  went  on  shore,  but  returned  to  the  vessel 
at  night ; — came,  on  the  14th,  into  the  inner  harbour,  and 
went  on  shore; — on  the  17th  went  to  Massachusetts,  and 
returned  the  19th.  He  attended  the  first  Court,  the  23d 
of  August,  at  Charlestown. 

The   adventurers  had  little  time  to  prepare  for  them- 
selves temporary  shelters  for  winter,  which  set  in  about  the 
2 


14  HISTORY    OF    ANDOVER. 

first  of  December  ;  and  from  Christmas,  to  about  the  middle 
of  February,  was  very  severe.  It  was  with  great  difficulty 
that  they  could  render  themselves  comfortable.  Provisions 
were  very  scarce  and  extremely  dear.  Wheat  meal  was 
fourteen  shillings  sterling  a  bushel ;  peas,  ten  shillings  ; 
and  Indian  corn  from  Virginia,  ten  shillings.  Many  were  ex- 
posed to  cold,  lying  in  tents  and  wretched  cabins,  and  suffer- 
ed much,  being  obliged  to  feed  on  clams  and  other  shell  fish  ; 
and,  instead  of  bread,  to  eat  acorns  and  ground  nuts,  They 
had  appointed  a  fast  the  22d  of  February;  but  on  the 
fifth,  the  ship  Lyon  arrived  with  provisions,  which  were  dis- 
tributed ;  and  they  turned  the  fast  into  a  thanksgiving. 
Many  died  during  the  winter  and  spring. 

In  the  spring  of  1631,  Mr.  B.  with  other  gentlemen 
commenced  building  at  Newtown,  now  Cambridge,  and 
his  name  is  among  those  constituting  the  first  company  that 
settled  in  that  town  in  1632.  He  resided  there  several 
years.  In  1639,  the  Court  granted  him  500  acres  of  land 
in  Salem,  in  the  next  convenient  place,  near  Mr.  Endicott's 
4*~  SiW^Jarrm^It  appears  that  he  resided  a  short  time  at  Ipswich. 
tiC  ^^*Mr.  B.  was  among  the  first  settlers  of  Andover,  and  was 
highly  useful  in  promoting  the  settlement,  in  bearing  the 
burdens  incident  to  a  new  plantation,  and  in  giving  a  right 
direction  to  its  affairs.  About  the  year  1644,  he  built  the 
first  mill  on  the  Cochichewick.  He  was  a  selectman  from 
the  first  record  of  town  officers  to  1672;  soon  after  which, 
he  probably  spent  most  of  his  time  in  Boston  and  Salem. 

He  was  the  first  Secretary  of  the  Colony,  and  dischar- 
ged the  duties  of  the  office  many  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
-t/-  ,  /  first  Commissioners  of  the  united  Colonies  in  1643,  and 
lidjiLiJL  served  many  years  with  fidelity  and  usefulness  in  this  office. 
»  0A>tiT+Jfci  1653,  he  with  his  colleague  vigorously  opposed  making 
iXJT+Aju  war  on  the  Dutch  in  New-York,  and  on  the  Indians  ;  and 
u  °  it  was  prevented  by  his  steady  and  conscientious  opposition 


SETTLEMENT    AND    SETTLERS.  15 

and  the  decision  of  the  General  Court  of  Mass.,  though  ear- 
nestly and  streuuously  urged  by  all  the  Commissioners 
of  the  other  three  colonies. 

In  1662,  in  a  time  of  great  alarm  and  distress,  he  was 
sent  agent  with  Mr.  Norton  to  England,  to  congratulate 
Charles  II.  on  his  restoration,  and,  if  possible,  to  secure  the 
privileges  granted  in  the  old  charter.  The  mission  was  at- 
tended with  more  success  than  could  have  been  expected, 
considering  that  the  colonists  were  republicans  in  opinions, 
and  strict  puritans,  and  had  no  respect  for  nobles  and  bish- 
ops. But  many  of  the  magistrates  and  of  the  people  were 
dissatisfied  ;  as  they  conceived  the  charter  privileges  were 
invaded.  The  agents  fell  under  no  small  degree  of  resent- 
ment and  public  obloquy.  Mr.  B.,  conscious  of  rectitude, 
and  feeling  a  cold  indifference  to  the  opinions  and  clam- 
ours of  the  multitude,  continued  to  discharge  the  duties  of 
his  station. 

He  was  Deputy  Governor  from  1672  to  1679,  when  he 
was  elected  Governor,  and  continued  in  office  till  Mr.  Jo- 
seph Dudley,  his  nephew,  was  appointed  in  1686,  head  of 
the  administration,  and  the  government  was  changed  and 
the  charter  annulled.  He  was  appointed  counsellor  under 
Dudley  but  declined.  • 

Mr.  B.  was  considered  at  the  head  of  the  moderate  party  ; 
and,  when  the  charter  was  demanded  by  king  Charles, 
thought  it  better  that  it  should  be  surrendered,  than  that 
it  should  be  taken  away  by  judgment,  as  in  that  case  it 
might  be  more  easily  resumed.  The  king  promised  lenity 
on  compliance,  and  threatened  severity,  if  the  colony  forced 
him  to  a  judgment  against  the  charter.  He  judged  it  wise 
and  prudent  to  save  part  of  the  privileges  of  the  colony, 
rather  than  lose  the  whole.  It  was,  moreover,  submitting 
to  the  necessity  of  the  times,  and  to  a  power  they  were  un- 
able to  resist.     He   was  reproached   for  his  pusillanimity ; 


16  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

but  his  views  were  probably  best  for  the  country.  The 
censure  of  the  opposite  party  ought  not  to  transmit  reproach 
to  posterity,  or  in  the  least  to  tarnish  his  character. 

He  strenuously  opposed  the  arbitrary  proceedings  of 
Andross ;  and  when,  in  1689,  the  people  put  down  his  au- 
thority, they  made  their  old  Governor  their  President.  He 
continued  at  the  head  of  the  administration  till  May  1692, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  89  years,  when  Sir  William  Phips 
arrived  from  England  with  the  new  charter,  in  which  Sir 
William  was  appointed  Governor,  and  Mr.  B.  first  as- 
sistant. He  had  been  in  service  in  the  government  62 
years,  excepting  the  short  administration  of  Dudley  and 
Andross.  No  man  in  the  country  has  continued  in  so 
high  offices,  so  many  years  and  to  so  advanced  age.  He 
was  a  popular  magistrate,  was  opposed  to  the  witch  delu- 
sion in  1692,  which  caused  great  alarm  and  distress  at  the 
commencement  of  Gov.  Phips's  administration.  "He  lived 
to  be  the  Nestor  of  New  England  ;"  all  who  came  over 
from  England  with  him  died  before  him. 

Mr.  B.  was  not  distinguished  for  splendid  and  power- 
ful talents ;  but  for  those  abilities  and  qualifications,  which 
rendered  him  eminently  useful.  He  was  upright  in  his 
principles,  of  sound  judgment,  strict  integrity,  persevering 
in  business,  and  sought  usefulness,  rather  than  popularity. 
He  was  not  the  most  highly  esteemed  by  any  party,  but 
was  despised  by  none.  He  was  one  of  the  fathers  of  the 
Massachusetts  colony,  and  contributed  much  to  its  estab- 
lishment and  prosperity.  He  was  a  man  of  fortitude,  and 
suffered  with  the  other  early  settlers  many  privations  and 
hardships,  discouragements  and  disappointments.  The 
first  two  or  three  years  were  very  trying  and  afflicting. 
They  were  exposed  to  the  severity  of  the  climate  with  poor 
accommodations,  to  scarcity  of  provisions  and  the  neces- 
saries of  life,  and  to  sickness  which  proved  mortal  to  many 
of  them. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  17 

The  following  inscription  is  on  his  monument  erected 
in  Salem. 

SIMON  BRADSTREET, 
Armiger,  ex  ordine  Senatoris  in  Colonia  Massachusettcnsi  ab  anno  1030,  u«=que 
ad  annum  1673.  Deinde  ad  annum  1679,  Vice-Gubernator.  Denique,  ad  annum  1686 
ejusdem  colonise,  communi  et  constanti  populi  suffragio, 

GUBERNATOR. 

Vir,  judicio  Lynceario  preditus ;  quem  nee  numma,  nee  honos  allexit.  Regis 
authoritatem,  et  populi  libertatem,  aequa  lance  libravit.  Religione  cerdatus,  vita 
innocuus,  mundum  et  vicit  et  deseruit,  27  die  Martii,  A.  D.  1697,  annoque  Guliel : 
3t.  IX.  et  iEt.  94. 

Mr.  B.  was  married  in  England,  to  Miss  Ann  Dud- 
ley, daughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Dudley,  when  she  was  six- 
teen years  old.  She  bore  8  children,  4  sons  and  4  daugh- 
ters;  and  died  in  Andover,  Sept.  16,  1672.  She  is  the 
most  distinguished  of  the  early  matrons  of  our  country  by 
her  literary  powers,  of  which  proof  is  given  in  a  volume  of 
poems,  the  2d  edition  of  which  was  printed  at  Boston,  1678, 
by  John  Foster,  in  a  respectable  12mo.  of  255  pp.  It 
does  honour  to  her  education,  by  her  frequent  allusions  to 
ancient  literature  and  historical  facts,  and  to  her  charac- 
ter as  a  daughter,  a  wife,  a  parent,  and  a  christian.  This 
volume  is  a  real  curiosity,  though  no  reader,  free  from  par- 
tiality of  friendship,  might  coincide  in  the  commendation 
of  the  funeral  elogy  of  John  Norton  : 

Could  Maro's  muse  but  hear  her  lively  strain, 
He  would  condemn  his  works  to  fire  ag-ain. 
*  #  *  #  # 

Her  breast  was  a  brave  palace,  a  broad  street. 
Where  all  heroic,  ample  thoughts  did  meet, 
Where  nature  had  such  a  tenement  ta'en, 
That  other  souls,  to  hers,  dwelt  in  a  lane. 
Dr.  Mather,  in  the  Magnalia,  gives  a  high   commenda- 
tion of  her,  "  whose  poems,  divers  times  printed,   have   af- 
forded a  grateful  entertainment   unto  the  ingenious,  and 
a  monument  for   her   memory  beyond   the   stateliest  mar- 
bles." 

2* 


18  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

Their  children  were  Samuel, — who  had  two  daughters 
born,  1663,  1665,  in  Boston. 

Simon  in  the  ministry,  New  London,  Con. 

Dudley,   of  Andover. 

John,  born  in  Andover  July  31,  1652,  settled  in  Salem. 

Ann  was   married  to  Mr.  Wiggin,  Exeter.^-  %£<0  c<u&  & 

Dorothy  was  married  to  Rev.  Seaborn  Cotton,  Hamp-1^- 
ton,  June  25,  1654.  ^  *<¥>■.$% 

Hannah  was  married  to  Mr.  Andrew  Wiggin,  Exeter, 
June  J  4,  1659. 

Mary  was  married  to  Mr.  Nath.  Wade,  Nov.  11,  1672. 

Gov.  Hutchinson  supposes,  that  Sir  Simon  Bradstreet 
and  Rev.  Dudley  Bradstreet,  of  Ireland,  are  descended 
from  Gov.  Bradstreet.  (lu^[^hru^^yj  $ rA»^6ar (OzpfiJ 

Mr.  Bradstreet  married  for  his  second  wife,  a  sister  of 
Sir  George  Downing,  who  was  in  the  first  class  graduated 
at  H.  Coll.  and  who  was  ambassador  of  Cromwell  and 
Charles  IT.  to  Holland.* 

Dudley  Bradstreet,  son  of  Gov.  B.  was  a  well  in- 
formed man,  and  very  useful  in  the  town  of  Andover* 
For  a  number  of  years,  he  was  a  selectman,  town  clerk, 
and  representative  in  the  General  Court.  When  Mr.  Dud- 
ley was  made  president  of  the  Council  in  1686,  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  assistants,  but  did  not  accept  the  ap- 
pointment. During  the  interregnum  from  Andross,  1689, 
to  the  accession  of  Sir  William  Phips  to  the  administration, 
1692,  he  was  one  of  the  "  Council  for  the  safety  of  the 
people  and  conservation  of  the  peace."  He  was  a  colonel 
of  the  militia,  and  many  years  a  magistrate.  In  1692, 
when  witchcraft,  a  delusion,  which,  for  a  short  time,  raged 
greatly  in  Andover,  he  granted,  in  quick  succession,  30  or 
40  warrants  to  apprehend  and  imprison  the  supposed  witch- 
es.    Upon  his  refusing  to  grant  any  more,  he  was  suspect- 

*  See  Eliot'i  Biog.  Diet.    Winthrop's  Journal.    Hist.  Coll.    Hutchinson'i  Iiist. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  19 

ed,  was  reported  to  have  killed  nine  persons  by  witchcraft, 
and  found  it  expedient  to  escape  and  keep  secreted  till  the 
delusion  had  in  some  measure  subsided.  In  1698,  the  In- 
dians made  an  assault  on  Andover,  took  him  and  his  fam- 
ily prisoners,  carried  them  about  fifty  rods,  and  dismissed 
them,  probably  on  account  of  his  previous  humanity  and 
kindness  to  the  Indians.  He  occupied  the  house  built  by 
his  father,  which  is  now  owned  by  Mr.  S.  Putnam  ;  and, 
though  one  of  the  oldest  in  Andover,  it  is  in  a  very  good 
state.  Mr.  B.  possessed  the  confidence  of  his  townsmen,  was 
useful,  faithful  and  respected.  He  died  Nov.  13,  1702. 
In  1673,  he  married  Muss  Ann  Price.  They  had  one  son, 
Dudley  born  April  1678,  graduated  at  H.  Coll.  1698. 

The  estate  has  been  sold,  and  none  of  the  descend- 
ants ofGov.  Bradstreet  remain  in  Andover. 

Defect  in  the  town  records  makes  it  impracticable  to  render  the  following  genealo- 
gies so  complete  as  is  desirable,  especially  since  commencement  of  last  century. 

John  Osgood,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  church  in 
1645,  and  the  first  representative  for  Andover  in  the  Gen- 
eral Court  in  1651  ;  died  in  October  of  the  same  year. 
His  sons  were  *  2  John.  Stephen,  Christopher,  Thomas. — 
2  John,  a  captain,  often  a  selectman,  and  representative  in 
the  General  Court,  died  1693  ;  his  sons,  3  John,  Timothy, 
Peter,  Samuel. — 3  John  lieutenant,  selectman,  died  1725, 
aged  71,  4  Ebenezer,  Clement,  John,  Josiah. — 4  John  ma- 
jor, deacon,  died  1765,  aged  83.  Hannah,  his  wife,  died 
1774,  aged  90 ;  5  Josiah,  Joseph  Dr.  H.  Coll.  John  col- 
onel, Esq. — 4  Josiah,  5  Josiah,  Solomon,  Jacob,  Benjamin 
colonel,  Westford,  Jonathan  Rev.  Daniel. — 5 Josiah,  Methu- 
en,  6  Josiah,  Milford,  N.  H.  Benjamin  Hon.  Methuen, 
Joseph,  John,  Samuel,  Nathaniel,  Thaddeus  Rev.—3  Tim- 
othy,   died   1748,  aged  90. — 4  Timothy,    5  Thomas,  Isaac 

*  The  figure  prefixed  to  the  name  denotes  the  degree  of  descent  from  the  origin- 
al settler ;  the  name  in  Italic  letters  is  the  father  of  the  sons  mentioned  in  the  same 
r.ntencew 


20  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

II.  Coll.  Timothy,  Peter.—5  Peter,  6  Samuel  H.  Coll.  Peter 
Esq.  Isaac  Esq.   Timothy  captain. 

2  Stephen,  Hooker,  Stephen. — 3  Hooker,  4  Hooker, 
Joshua,  Jonathan,  David,   Benjamin,  Moses,  Aaron. 

3  Stephen,  died  1750.  Hannah,  d.  1774,  aged  92;  4  Ste- 
phen, Isaac,  Joshua. — 4  Stephen,  Tewksbury,  5  Stephen. 

4  Isaac  Capt.  5  David  Rev.  Medford,  Jacob,  Kendall 
physician,  Peterborough. 

2  Christopher  Capt.  built  Frye's  Mills,  died  1723,  aged 
80  ;  3  Christopher,  Ezekiel. 

3  Christopher,  Billerica,  built  the  first  mills  on  the  Con- 
cord, where  the  Canal  intersects  the  river ;  4  Jeremiah 
moved  to  Pomfret,  Conn. 

3  Ezekiel,  4  Samuel  Capt.  died  1748,  aged  46. 

2  Thomas,  3  Thomas,  Josiah. 

John,  Ebenezer,  Nathaniel,  Jeremiah,  Daniel. 

Joseph  Parker,  died  1678.  2  Joseph,  Stephen,  Samuel. 
— 2  Joseph  ;  3  Joseph;  4  Joseph,  Peter,  James  Capt.  —  4  Pe- 
ter, d.  1795,  aet.  79  ;  5  Peter,  Nathan  colonel,  Bluehill, 
Robert  Esq.  Bluehill.  Isaac. 

2  Stephen,  3  Stephen,  John,  Samuel. 
Nathan  Parker,  died  1685  ;  2  John,  Robert,  Peter. — 
2  John,  died  1738,  aged   85  ;    3  John,  Nathan,   Benjamin, 
James. — 3  John,  Jonathan.* 

Richard  Barker,  d.  1693,  2  John,  Ebenezer,  William, 
Richard,  Stephen,  Benjamin. — 2  John  deacon,  d.  1722  with 
small  pox,  3  John,  Richard. 

*  Asa  Parker,  deacon  of  the  2d  church  of  Boxford,  died  1820,  aged  90.  Having 
•ngaged  to  stone  a  cellar  for  a  blacksmith  in  Boxford,  and  thinking  it  possible  to 
split  stones  with  wedges,  proposed  to  the  blacksmith  to  prepare  some  wedges,  and 
cases  and  assist  in  making  the  experiment.  They  first  tried  upon  a  stone  about  the 
size  of  a  half  bushel  measure  and  succeeded  ;  they  tried  a  larger  stone  with  equal 
success.  This  took  place  about  1773,  and  is  supposed  to  bo  the  first  attempt 
at  splitting  stones  in  this  part  of  the  country.  The  business  of  splitting  and  ham- 
mering stones,  soon  engaged  the  attention  of  others,  and  hag  become  a  useful  and 
lucrative  employment. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  21 

3  John,  4  John,  Ephraim. 

2  Ebenezer,  d.  1747,  aged  95  ;  3  Ebenezer,  Nathan. 

2  William.,  d.  1718,  aged  72  ;  Mary,  his  wife,  d.  1744, 
aged  8S ;  3  William,  John. — 3  Sam uel  deacon,  d.  1706, 
aged  83  ;    4  Samuel — widow  Elizabeth,  d.  1779,  aged  83. 

2  Richard — 3  Richard,  4  Abiel. 

2  Stephen,  3  Stephen,  Zebadiah,  James. 

2  Benjamin,  d.  1750,  aged  83 ;  Benjamin,  Joseph, 
Hannaniah,  d.  L767,  aged  82. 

John  Stevens,  d.  1662  ;  2  John,  Nathan,  Ephraim,  Jo- 
seph, Benjamin. 

2  Nathan  is  said  to  be  the  first  white  male  child  born 
in  Andover.  He  had  no  son,  die  i  Feb.  1718,  aged  74. 
2  Ephraim,  d.1718,  aged  69,  and  2  Benjamin  Esq.  d.  1730, 
aged  73,  without  sons. 

2  John,  3  John,  Nathan,  Ephraim,  Ebenezer,  Joshua, 
Samuel,  David,  Abiel,  Benjamin. 

3  John,  4  John,  Timothy. — 4  John,  5  John,  Isaac, 
Thomas,  Jonathan,  Daniel,  Bemsley,  Simon. — 4  Timothy, 
5  Timothy. — 3  Nathan,  4  Nathan,  5  Nathan. 

3  Ebenezer,  4  Aaron,  Ebenezer,  Phinehas  Rev.  Bosca- 
wen,  Asa,  Jacob. 

4  Ebenezer,  5  Amos. — 4  Asa  Capt.  d.  1755,  aged  38; 
5  Asa,  William,  Simeon. 

4  Jacob,  5  James,  Ebenezer.  —  3  Samuel,  4  Samuel, 
Joshua,  David. — 4  Samuel,  Peter. 

3  Abiel,  4John,  Nathan,  Abiel,  David. — 4  John,  5  Abi- 
el.— 4  Abiel,  5  David. 

3  Benjamin,  4  Benjamin,  5  Benjamin.  John,  Ebenezer. 

2  Joseph  deacon,  d.  1743,  aged  88  ;  3  Joseph  Rev. 
Charlestown,  James,  Benjamin. 

3  Joseph,  4  Benjamin,  D.  D.  Kittery. — 3  James  Capt. 
4  James,  Joseph,  Benjamin. 


22  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

4  James,  Jonathan,  James. — 4  Joseph,  5  Joseph,  Jona- 
than, Zechariah,  Cyrus. 

3  Benjamin,  4  Benjamin,  Theodore,  George. 

Nicholas  Holt,  died  1G35  ;  2  Samuel,  Henry,  Nicholas, 
James,  John. — Wid.  Martha,  d.  1703,  aged  80. 

2  Samuel,  d.  1703.— 3  Samuel,  d.  1747,  ag.  77,  4  Oba- 
diah. 

2  Henry,  3  Oliver,  Henry,  James,  George,  Josiah, 
Paul,  William,  Humphrey,  Benjamin. 

3  Oliver,  4  Oliver,  David,  Uriah,  Jonathan,  Joseph, 
Benjamin,  Jacob,  Thomas,  William. — 4  Jacob,  5  Jacob, 
Nehemiah,  David. — 5  Jacob,  6  Jacob,  Nehemiah,  Ephraim 
Esq.  Stephen,  Uriah  Esq.  David. 

3  Henry,  4  Ephraim. — 3  George,  4  George. — 4  Jona- 
than, d.1791,  aged  80;  5  Jonathan  deacon,  Albany,  Moses, 
H.  U.  Portland. 

2  Nicholas,  d.  1715;  3  Nicholas,  Thomas.  James  died 
in  the  war  1722.  Robert,  Abiel,  Joshua,  Daniel. 

3  Nicholas,  4  Stephen,  Nicholas  Esq.  Bluehill,  Benja- 
min, Pembroke,  Timothy  Capt.  Wilton,  James,  Nathan 
Rev.  Joshua,  Daniel. — 4  Joshua  Esq.*  5  Joshua  deacon 
Greenfield,  N.  H.  Peter  Rev.  Peterborough,  John.  Green- 
field, Timothy,  Peterborough,  Salomon  deacon,  Stephen 
deacon,  Greenfield. — 4  Daniel,    5  Daniel    deacon,    Ashby. 

3  Thomas,    Joseph,  Abiel. 

2  James,  3  Timothy,  Joseph,  James,  Barzillai. — 3  Tim- 
othy, 4  James,  Timothy,  Joseph. 

4  Joseph,  H.  Coll.  Wilton,  5  Joseph,  Simeon,  Valentine. 

2  John,  3  Moses  and  Aaron. — 3  John,  4  Jeremiah,  Wil- 
ton, d.  1816,  aged  70;  Amos,  d.  1820,  aged  80  ;  4  Daniel,  d. 
1778,  aged  32.— 3  Moses,  4  Moses. 

*  Joshua  Holt  Esq.,  a  man  of  sound  judgment,  firmness  and  integrity,  had  the 
confidence  and  respect  of  his  townsmen,  was  often  a  representative  in  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  and  thirty  four  years  a  deacon  in  the  S.  Church,  and  exhihited  a  good 
christian  character. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  23 

Edmond  Faulkner,  died  1687  ;     2  Francis,  John. 

2  Francis,  d.  1732,  aged  80;  Edmond,  Ammi-ruham- 
mah,  Paul. 

3  Edmond,  4  John. 

2  John  d.  1706 ;  Daniel,  Joseph,  d.  1780,  aged  86  ;  Ne- 
hemiah. 

John  Frye,  d.  1698,  aged  92;  2  John  deacon,  d.  1696, 
having  no  children.  2  Samuel,  James,  Benjamin. — 2  Sam- 
uel, wid.  Mary  d.  1749,  aged  93  ;  3  Samuel,  Nathan,  Eben- 
ezer,  Benjamin  Capt.  Salem. — 3  Samuel,  4  Peter  Col.  Sa- 
lem, William,  Samuel,  James,  Timothy,  John. — 4  William, 
5  Philip,  Moses,  Peter  Capt.  Isaac,  Daniel  Capt.  Nathan, 
William,  Benjamin.—4  Samuel,  d.  1812,  aged  88  ;  5  Theo- 
philus,  Samuel. — 4  James,  5  James,  Zechariah. — 4  Timothy, 
5  Timothy,  Ezekiel,  Jedidiah,  Peter. — 4  John,  5  Samuel, 
Peter. — 3  Ebenezer,  4  Ebenezer,  David  Capt.  Jonathan, 
John  Esq. — 4  Ebenezer,  5  Ebenezer  Capt.  David,  John. — 
3  John,  4  John,  Joseph  Gen.  Abiel,  Joshua,  Isaac. — 4  Jo- 
seph Gen.  Joseph  Capt.  Samuel,  Nathaniel. — 4  Abiel 
5  Abiel,  Isaac  Maj.  Simon  Hon. — 4  Joshua,  Joshua,  John. — 
2  James  Capt.  d.  1734,  aged  81;  3  James,  Jonathan,  killed 
in  Lovewell's  fight,  1725. — 3  James  ;  4  James  Col.  5  James, 
Methuen,  d.  1826,  ag.  86  ;  Jonathan,  H.  Coll.  Frederic 
Esq. — 2  Benjamin,  3  John,  Nathaniel  Capt.  d.  1777,  aged  86. 
— 3  John,  4  Timothy,  Joseph,  Benjamin. — 4  Timothy, 
5  John  Capt.  Nathaniel. — 4  Joseph,  5  Benjamin,  Nathaniel. 

4  Joseph  Frye,  born  April  1711,  was  justice  of  peace, 
representative  in  the  General  Court,  and  useful  in  the  affairs 
of  the  town.  He  served  in  the  war  of  1755,  and  was  at  the 
siege  of  Louisburgh.  He  was  Colonel  at  the  unfortunate 
capture  of  Fort  William  Henry  by  Montcalm,  in  1  "757. 
"  La  Corne,  who  had  great  influence  among  the  savages 
sent  for  Col.  Frye,  commanding  the  Massachusetts  reg- 
iment, and  informed  him  that  he  well  remembered  the  hu- 


24  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

manity  he  had  shown  to  his  countrymen  in  Nova  Scotia ; 
that  he  should  embrace  the  present  opportunity  to  express 
his  gratitude,  and  reward  his  humanity  ;  and  that  neither 
he  nor  any  of  the  Massachusetts  troops,  should  receive  in- 
sult or  injury  from  the  Indians.  But  during  the  whole 
transaction,  he  kept  at  a  distance,  nor  did  he  send  a  party  to 
afford  the  promised  protection,  nor  use  his  influence  to 
moderate  the  vengeance  of  the  Indians. 

In  the  confusion  consequent  on  the  attack  upon  the 
defenceless  troops,  an  Indian  chief  seized  Col.  Frye,  plun- 
dered and  stripped  him  of  his  clothes,  even  to  his  shirt,  and 
then  led  him  into  the  woods  in  a  direction  and  manner 
which  left  no  doubt  as  to  the  design  of  the  ferocious  chief. 
Arriving  at  a  secluded  spot,  where  the  Colonel  expected  to 
meet  his  fate,  he  determined  to  make  one  effort  for  his  life, 
and  roused  by  desperation,  with  no  other  arms  than  na- 
ture gave  him,  he  sprang  upon  the  savage,  overpowered 
and  killed  him  on  the  spot,  and  fleeing  rapidly  into  a  thick 
wood,  he  eluded  the  search  of  the  Indians.  After  wander- 
ing in  various  directions,  for  several  days,  subsisting  whol- 
ly on  whortleberries,  he  reached  Fort  Edward  and  joined 
his  suffering  companions."* 

He  was  appointed  Major  General  on  the  21st  June  1775, 
by  the  Provincial  Congress.  He  continued  a  short  time 
with  the  troops  at  Cambridge  in  the  revolutionary  war. 

He  with  his  family  moved  to  Fryeburgh  among  the  ear- 
ly settlers,  from  whom  the  town  received  its  name. 

4  James  Frye  sustained  various  municipal  offices,  and 
was  active  in  the  service  of  his  country.  He  was  in  the 
war  of  1755  ;  and  at  the  commencement  of  the  revolution- 
ary war  was  Colonel  in  the  militia.  He  commanded  a 
regiment  at  Cambridge,  of  which  James  Bricket  was  Lt. 
Colonel,  and  Thomas  Poor  was  Major.     On   the  memora- 

*  Hoyt's  History  of  Indian  ware,  p.  291. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  -25 

able  day  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  hill,  while  Major  Gridley's 
battalion  of  artillery  was  halted  on  the  road  to  Charles- 
town,  Col.  Frye  (who  was  absent  from  his  regiment  the 
day  before  on  duty,  but  the  battle  approaching  had  found 
his  way  to  the  field)  riding  for  Charlestovvn,  galloped  up 
to  them  and  demanded  of  the  senior  Captain,  why  this  un- 
seasonable halt !  was  astonished  at  the  reply,  and  ordered 
them  instantly  to  the  field.  This  veteran  also  animated 
their  courage  by  the  glorious  recollection,  'this  day  thirty 
years  since,  I  was  at  the  taking  of  Louisburg,  when  it 
was  surrendered  to  us  ;  it  is  a  fortunate  day  for  America  ; 
we  shall  certainly  beat  the  enemy.'  "*  In  Col.  Frye's  reg- 
iment 15  men  were  killed,  and  31  wounded  in  Bunker 
hill    battle.      He   died  Jan.  1776,  ag.  66. 

5  Simon  Frye  moved  with  his  family  to  Fryeburg  among  the 
adventurers  who  first  settled  in  that  town.  A  number  of  fam- 
ilies from  Andover  settled  there,  when  they  were  obliged  to 
travel  50  miles  through  the  woods,  and  it  was  difficult  to 
pass  several  large  streams.  He  was  an  exemplary  and  useful 
citizen,  an  active  supporter  of  the  revolution,  and  of  the 
State  and  General  Government,  and  enjoyed  much  of  the  fa- 
vour of  the  people.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
Representatives,  of  the  Senate  and  of  the  Council  for  near- 
ly 20  years;  and  was  a  justice  of  the  C.  C.  P.  in  York 
county,  and  chief  Justice  of  the  same  court  in  the  county 
of  Oxford.     He  died  Oct.  1822,  ag.  82  years. 

Robert  Barnard,  2  John,  Stephen. — 2  John, — 3  John, 
4  John. 

2  Stephen,  died  1722,  ag.  73  ;  3  Nathaniel,  James, 
Robert,  Stephen. 

3  Robert,  4  Robert,  Benjamin. — 4  Robert,  Stow,  5  Jer- 
emiah Rev.  Amherst,  N.  H.  his  mother,  Wid.  Mary,  died 
13  Oct.  1823,  ag.  101  vears  and  6  months. 


*  Swett's  History  of  Bunker  hill  Battle. 

3 


26'  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

3  James,  4  James. 

3  Stephen,  4  Stephen. 

Henry  Jaques,  Richard  Blake,  Thomas  Poor  died  1695, 
had  no  children  in  Andover. 

John  Aslett,  died  1671,  2  John — none  of  the  family  re- 
main in  town. 

Daniel  Poor,  died  1713,  aged  85  ;  2  Daniel,  John. — 
2  Daniel,  d.  1735,  aged  79  ;  3  Daniel,  John,  Samuel,  Jo- 
seph, Thomas. — 3  Daniel,  d.  1772,  aged  84  ;  4  Timothy, 
Daniel. —  4 Timothy,  5  Theodore. 

3  John,  4  John  d.  1811,  aged  94,  ate  72  annual  thanks- 
giving dinners  with  his  wife  after  marriage — she  died  Jan. 
6th,  1820,  aged  98.  5  John,  6  John,  Henry,  Timothy  colo- 
nel.— 3  Joseph  died  1780,  ag.  79.  3  Thomas,  4  Thomas  col- 
onel, Methuen,  Enoch  General,  Exeter,  Daniel  deacon, 
South  Parish,  Joseph   deacon,   Danvers,  Abraham. 

3  Samuel. — 4  Benjamin  deacon,  Andover,  Me.  5  Ben- 
jamin, Belfast — 4  Ebenezer,  Andover,  Me.  5  Ebenezer, 
physician,  Senator,  Castine. 

4  Enoch  Poor,  in  1775,  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  one  of  the  N.  Hampshire  regiments.  He  served  in  the 
war  five  years ;  and  died  in  N.  Jersey,  8th  Sept.  1780,  ag.  43. 
A  funeral  oration  was  delivered  at  his  interment  at  Hackin- 
sackby  Rev.  Israel  Evans,  his  chaplain,  in  which  his  charac- 
ter is  thus  given.  "He  was  prudent  in  counsel  and  solid  in 
judgment,  firm  and  steady  in  his  resolutions,  cautiousof  unne- 
cessary danger,  calm  and  undaunted  in  battle,  vigorous  and 
unwearied  in  obeying  military  commands,  and  executing 
enterprises ;  patient  and  persevering  under  hardships  and 
difficulties,  punctual  and  exact  in  the  duties  of  the  army. 
— He  was  a  friend  of  the  moral  and  social  virtues,  and 
taught  the  excellence  of  them  by  his  own  example.  He 
was  an  advocate  for  public  worship,  always  assembling 
the  troops  under  his  command,  on  all  proper  occasions,  and 
giving  his  own  personal  attendance. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS. 


27 


"From  Boston  to  Canada,  from  Canada  to  the  fortresses 
on  lake  Champlain,  from  thence  in  various  marches,  en- 
counters and  hardships,  until  his  troops  fought  the  army  of 
Burgoyne  on  the  heights  of  Behmus,  where  in  repeated  lai- 
ties, and  in  the  convention  of  Saratoga,  he  was  entitled  to 
a  large  share  of  those  laurels,  which  crowned  the  American 
arms."  In  1779,  he  accompanied  Gen.  Sullivan  in  the  wil- 
derness as  far  as  the  Genesee  and  defeated  the  savage  en- 
emy. In  1780,  he  commanded  a  brigade  under  Maj.  Gen. 
La  Fayette. 

William  Ballard,  2  Joseph,  William,  John. — 2  Joseph 
d.  1722,  3  Joseph,  William,  Hezekiah,  Uriah. — 3  Joseph 
d.  1732,  aged  65.  4  Jeremiah,  Joseph,  Josiah,  Benjamin, 
Timothy—4  Josiah,  d.  1780,  aged  81  ;  5  William,-4  Tim- 
othy, 5  Timothy,  John,  Nathan,  Joseph. — 5  Timothy,  6 
Timothy,  William,  Joshua — 5  Nathan,  Concord,  6  Nathan, 
John.     4  Benjamin,  5  Joseph  physician,  Concord. 

3  Hezekiah,     4  Hezekiah  deacon,     5  Hezekiah.      3  Uri- 
ah, 4  Uriah  d.  1803,  aged  90  ;  5  Uriah,  Fryeburg. 

2  William,     3  Enoch,  John,  Peleg,  Thomas. 

2  John  d.  1715,  aged  62 ;  3  John,  Jonathan,  3  Shere. 
biah,     4  John. 

John  Lovejoy  d.  1690  ;  2  John,  William,  Christopher, 
Joseph,  Nathaniel,  Ebenezer. 

2  John,  3  John 2  William  deacon,  3  William,  Hen- 
ry, Caleb,  Samuel. 

3  William,  4  William  Capt..— 3  Henry,  4  Henry,  Da- 
vid, Joshua,     4  Henry  d.  1796,  aged  92. 

5  William,  6  William,  Samuel  Maj.  Wilton.  Henry, 
David. — 4  Joshua,  5  Joshua  Esq.  deacon,  Sanbornton. 

2   Christopher,  d.   1737,   aged  76  ;    3  Christopher,  d. 

1732  aged  45 3  Hezekiah  ;    Widow    Hannah  died    1805, 

aged  101  years,  having  had  336  descendants  ;  4  Hezekiah-, 
Capt.,  Amherst.  5  Jonathan,  Jonathan. 


28  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

2  Joseph,  d.  1737,  aged  76.  3  Joseph,  ^Benjamin, 
4  John. 

2  Nathaniel  d.  1751,  aged  84.  3  Nathaniel,  Timothy, 
Ezekiel — 3  Nathaniel  Capt.  4  Nathaniel  Gen.  H.  U. 

2  Ebenezer  died  1759,  aged  86.  3  Ebenezer,  John — 
3  Ebenezer,  4  Ebenezer — Wid.  Mary  Lovejoy  died  1795, 
aged  98 ;  average  age  of  five  sons  of  John  Lovejoy  is  83 
years  and  7  months. 

Andrew  Allen,  died  1690 — 2  Andrew,  John — 2  An- 
drew, 3  James,  Andrew,  Thomas — 3  Andrew,  4  James, 
John — 2  John,  3  John. 

John  Russ,  died  1692,  2  John,  Jonathan,  Thomas, 
Josiah,  Joseph. 

2  Thomas,  3  Thomas. — None  of  the  name  now  in  An* 
dover. 

George  Abbot  married  Hannah  Chandler,  1647,  died 
Dec.  1681 ;  she  died  June,  1711,  aged  82,  2  John,  Joseph, 
killed  by  the  Indians,  1676,  George,  William,  Benjamin, 
Timothy,  Thomas,  Nathaniel,  Hannah,  Sarah,  Elizabeth; 
ten  had  families  in  Andover  and  72  children  ;  30  of  these 
had  families  in  Andover,  and  14  in  other  places;  average 
age  of  the  ten  67  years  and  8  months. — 2  John  deacon, 
died  1721,  aged  73;  3  John,  Joseph,  Stephen,  Ephraim, 
Joshua,  Ebenezer,  Sarah,  Priscilla  ;  average  of  the  eight 
80  years  and  3  months. — 3  John  deacon,  died  1754,  aged 
79;  4  John,  Barachias,  Abiel  H.  Coll.  Joseph  ;  average  age 
of  three,  78  years  10  months. — 4John  Capt.  died  1793,  aged 
89  ;  5  John,  Ezra  died  1760,  in  the  war,  Abiel,  Jeremiah, 
William—5  John  Capt.  died  1818,  aged  82,  6  John  H.  U. 
Ezra,  Benjamin  L  L.  D.  Exeter,  Abiel  D.  D.  Beverly. 
— 5  Abiel  Esq.  deacon.Wilton,  died  1809,  aged  68,  6  Abiel 
H.  U.  Jacob  H.  U.  Benjamin  Esq.  Temple  Me.  died  1823, 
aged  53;  Ezra  deacon,  Samuel  H.  U. — 5  Jtre?niah,  Wilton, 
died  1825,   aged   82  ;    6  Jeremiah,   Zebadiah — 5  William 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  20 

Esq.  Wilton,  died  1793,  aged  45,  P  William  H.  JJ.  Cas- 
tine,  John  physician,  Hampden,  Timothy  Esq.  Herman 
physician  Belfast,  died  1825,  aged  42,  Ezra  Esq.  Jackson, 
Isaac  Esq.  Jackson,  Me. — 4  Barachias  died  1784,  aged 
77,  5  Moses  Capt.  died  1826,  aged  90.  Barachias,  Wilton, 
died  1812,  aged  73. — 4  Joseph,  Chester  Vt.  died  1789,  aged 
70,  5  Joseph,  Abiel,  John,  Ebenezer. — 3  Joseph,  died  1757, 
aged  80,  4  Joseph,  5  Joseph,  Andover,  Vt. — 3  Stephen, 
died  1766,  aged  82, 4  Stephen,  Ephraim,  Samuel.-4  Stephen, 
5  Stephen  Capt.  in  revolutionary  war,  Major  General  of  Es- 
sex militia,  merchant,  Salem,  a  benevolent  and  useful  citi- 
zen, died    1813,  aged  64,  George,  Abner,  Albany,  Me. — 

4  Ephraim,  5  Ephraim,  miller — 3  Ephraim,  died  1748,  aged 
66,  4  Ephraim,  Amherst,  N.  H.  Joshua,  Amherst,  Daniel, 
Josiah,  Amherst,  Ebenezer,  Peter,  Kingston,  N.  H.-3  Josh- 
ua, Billerica  about  1708,  deacon,  town  clerk  31  years,  died 
1769,  aged  84.  4  Joshua  deacon,  died  1807,  aged  85,  with- 
out issue,  John,  Oliver,  died  1796,  aged  69,  leaving  no 
sons,  David — 4  John  deacon,  Westford,  died  1791,  aged  78, 

5  John,  6  John  H.  U.  Counsellor  at  law,  Senator,  &c. 
7  John  W.  Pitt,  H.  U.— 6  Abel,  7  Julian,  H.  U.— 4  David 
died  1801,  aged  72,  5  David  H.  U.  died  1804,  aged  33, 
Blaney  Esq. — 3  Ebenezer,  4  Isaac,  James  physician,  Dra- 
cut — 4  Isaac,  5  Ebenezer,  Isaac,  Simon,  moved  to  Frye- 
burg — 2  George  Capt.  died  1736,  aged  81,  3  Joseph,  Na- 
than, Daniel,  George,  Henry,  Isaac — 3  George  Capt.  died 
1768,  aged  75,  4  George,  Samuel  Esq.  merchant,  Boston, 
removed  to  Andover  1776,  a  founder  of  the  Theological 
Institution,  to  which  he  gave  the  greater  part  of  a  very 
large  estate  ;  died  April  1812,  aged  80,  without  children. 
His  wife  died  1816,  aged  89.— 4  George  Esq.  Col.  died 
Dec.  1775,  aged  51,  6  George  merchant,  Salem,  died 
1784,  aged  36,  John    Lovejoy,  Samuel  H.  U.-5John  Love* 

joy  Esq.    6  John  Lovejoy  H.  U.  George   Capt.  died    1822, 
3* 


30  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

aged  37;  Samuel,  William  Lovejoy — 3  Henry  died  1776, 
aged  80,  4  Henry  Capt.  died  1805,  aged  80,  5  Henry  H.  U. 
Isaac.  3  Isaac  H.  U.  deacon  died  1784,  aged  85. — 4  Isaac 
deacon,  5  Isaac,  William,  Concord  N.  H. — ^William  died 
1713,  aged  56,  3  James,  Paul,  Philip — 3  James  Concord, 
about  1737  died  1778,  aged  83.  4  James,  Reuben  died  1822, 
aged  99 and  10  months;  Amos  died  1821,  aged  95. — 3Paul, 
Pomfret,  Con.  4  Nathan,  William,  Darius,  Benjamin,  Isaac, 
Asa — 3  Philip,  Hampton,  Con.  4  Joseph  Col.  Ellington. 
No  male  Descendants  of  2  William  remain  in  Andover — 
2  Benjamin  died  1703,  aged  41,  3  Benjamin,  Jonathan, 
David,  Samuel  no  children — 3  Benjamin,  4  Benjamin,  Dan- 
iel, Abiel,  Jacob  died  1760  in  the  war — 4  Benjamin  Capt. 
Hollis,  5  Benjamin,  Samuel,  George,  Joel,  Jacob. — 4  Daniel 
Dracut,  died  1793,  aged  67,  5  Daniel,  William,  Samuel, 
Jonathan. — 4  Abiel  physician,  5  Abiel,  Benjamin  Capt. 
deacon,  Newbury  port. 

3  Jonathan,  died  1770,  aged  82,  4  Jonathan,  David, 
Pembroke,  N.  H.  Nathan,  died  1798,  aged  80,  Job,  Sam- 
uel, Pembroke. 

4  Jonathan,  died  1794,  aged  80,  5  Jonathan,  William, 
Wilton  died  1807,  aged  61.  Nathan. 

5  Jonathan,  died  1721,  aged  81,  6  Jonathan,  Bethel,  Me* 
Stephen  Capt. — 4  Job,  Pembroke,  5  Nathan,  Job  Wilton — 
5  Nathan  deacon  6  Nathan,  Job  Capt.  Abel  Capt.  Paschal 
deacon,  Jeremiah,  Amos  Dexter,  Me.  Joshua  Dexter  — 
3  David,  4  David,  Solomon,  Jonathan — 4  David,  5  Josiah, 
Samuel,  David,  Benjamin — 4  Solomon,  Dracut,  5  Solomon, 
Colby,  4  Jonathan,  Capt.  died  1817,  aged  78,  5  Jonathan, 
David,  Nathan,  Benjamin,  Solomon — 2  Timothy,  died  1730, 
aged  67,— 3  Timothy,  died  1766,  aged  73,  4  Timothy,  Asa, 
Nathan, — 4  ^4sadied  1796,  aged  75;  Elizabeth  his  wife  died 
1819,  aged  93,  5  Timothy,  Caleb,  Daniel  died  1776,  in  the 
army,  Nathan  Billerica — 5  Timothy  died  1826,  aged  80 : 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  31 

«  Asa,   Daniel   H.  U.— 5  Caleb,  6  Caleb  Capt.  Chelmsford, 
Timothy,  Orlando,   Charles,  Gardner,   Samuel,    Daniel — 

4  Nathan  Wilton,  5  Paul,   Nathan,  Timothy. 

2  Thomas,  died  1728,  aged  62,  3  Thomas,  Edward, 
George,  Zebadiah,  Benjamin,  Isaac. 

3  Thomas,  died  1774,  aged  75,  4  Thomas,  Jabez,  Con- 
cord, N.  H.  Aaron,  Fryeburg,  Joseph,  died  at  Quebec, 
1758,  Nathan  Concord,  Jesse  Concord — 4  Thomas,  died 
1775,  aged  46,  5  Thomas  Esq.  Providence,  died  1826,  aged 
65 — 3  Edward,  Concord,  4  Edward,  born  Jan.  7th.  1731, 
first  white  male  child  born  in  Concord,  Timothy — 3  George 
deacon,  Concord,  4  George,  Daniel,  Joseph,  Samuel,  Na- 
than, Stephen. — 3  Benjamin,  Concord,  4  Isaac,  4  Benja- 
min, 5  Ephraim  Rev.  Greenland,  Benjamin,  Hartland,  Vt. 
Isaac,  Hartland,  Theodore, — 2  Nathaniel,  died  1749,  aged 
78,  3  Nathaniel,  Joseph,  Jeremiah — 3  Nathaniel 'Capt.  Con- 
cord, 4  Nathaniel,  Joshua,  Jeremiah,  Conway,  N.  H.— 4  Na- 
thaniel, 5  Nathaniel  C,  Moses,  Philip,  Joshua,  Levi,  David, 
Joseph — 4  Joshua  Capt.  5  Nathaniel,  John  Sullivan,  Josh- 
ua Rev.  died  1824,  Norfolk,  Va. 

3  Joseph  deacon,  died  1787,  aged  82,  4  Joseph,  Jacob, 
Nathaniel — 4  Joseph,  Wilton,  5  Joseph,  Keene,  Joshua, 
Nelson,  James  Esq.  Billerica,  Israel,  Jedidiah — 4  Jacob, 
Wilton,  5  Jacob,  John  Stevens  H.  U.  died  1805,  aged  25. 
— 5  Jacob,  6  Jacob,  Bowd.  Coll.  Prof.  Am.  Coll.,  John  Ste- 
vens Cabot,  B.  Coll.  Gorham  Dummer,  B.  Coll.  Charles 
Edward,  Samuel  Phillips.-4  Nathaniel,  Wilton,  5  Nathan- 
iel, Peter. 

3  Jeremiah,  Billerica,  4  Jeremiah,  William. — 4  Jeremiah, 

5  Jeremiah,  Jonas,   Silas,   William. 

4  Jacob  Abbot,  Esq.  Wilton,  representative  to  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  Counsellor,  Justice  C.  C.  P.  for  Hillsborough 
Co. ;  moved  to  Andover,  a  useful  Trustee  of  Phillips  Acad- 
emy ;  moved  to  Brunswick,  Me.  an  active  overseer  of  Bowd. 


32  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

Coll.  Senator  for  Cumberland  Co. ;  died  1820,  aged  74. 
He    was  sagacious,  honest,  pleasant,  useful,  and -respected. 

Andrew  Foster,  died  1685,  May,  aged  100 — 2  An- 
drew, 3  Abraham  died  1723,  4  Joseph,  Andrew,  Abraham 
— 4  Jacob  died  1806,  aged  88.  Abigail,  his  wife  died  1802, 
aged  83,  5  Jacob,  Isaac. 

Thomas  Chandler  Capt.  son  of  William  and  Annice 
died  1703,  Hannah  his  wife  died  1717,  aged  87,  2  John, 
William,  Thomas,  Henry,  Joseph — 2  John  Capt.  died  1721  ; 
his  wife  Hannah  died  1741,  aged  90,  3  John,  Zebadiah, 
Abiel— 3  John*  Capt.  died  1740,  aged  60,    4  John,  Joshua. 

2  William,  3  Josiah,  Philemon,  Zechariah — 3  Josiah, 
Samuel  H.  U.,  Jonathan. 

3  Philemon,  4  William,  Philemon  died  1798,  aged  81 
— 4  William,  5  Isaac,  Philemon,  Dover. 

2  Thomas  Capt.  died  1737,  aged  73.  3  Thomas,  Tim- 
othy, Ephraim,  David — 3  Thomas,  4  James  H.  U.  John 
H.  U.— 3  David,  4  David,  Daniel,  Samuel  H.  U.,  John. 

2  Henri/,  3  Henry,  Samuel,  Daniel,  Nehemiah. 

2  Joseph,  died  1734,  aged  65,  3  Joseph,  Isaac,  3  Na- 
than, died  1784,  aged  77. — 4  Nathan,  5  Nathan,  Concord, 
N.  H. 

3  Joseph,  Salisbury — 4  Joseph  Capt.  Epping,  died  1776, 
Sept.  at  Mount  Independence,  5  John  Monmouth,  Me. 
1784  — Several  years  Representative  and  Senator  in  the 
Legislature,  Mass.  ;  Sheriff  of  Kennebec  Co.  ;  Major  Gen- 
eral of  militia  ;    Brigadier  General  during  the  last  war; 

*  Capt.  John  Chandler,  celebrated  for  wrestling,  finding  no  champion  who 
could  throw  him,  and  being  informed  that  Rev.  Mr  Wise  of  Ipswich  excelled  in  this 
art  and  had  not  been  thrown,  made  a  journey  on  purpose  to  try  his  strength  and 
skill.  Mr.  Wise  on  being  requested  to  wrestle  declined,  having  relinquished  the 
practice  as  unsuitable  to  his  profession.  Being  earnestly  solicited  by  Mr.  Chandler, 
they  went  into  the  door  yard,  which  was  fenced  by  a  wall  set  into  the  bank,  took 
hold  and  began  to  play,  when  Mr.  Wise  suddenly  with  a  trip  and  twitch  threw  him 
over  the  wall  upon  his  back.  Mr.  Chandler  rose  and  requested  another  trial,  but 
Mr.  Wise  refused.    So  the  Capt.  returned  home  sadly  disappointed. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  33 

1805,  four  years  Representative  to  Congress  ;  1820  Sen- 
ator of  the  Congress  of  the  U.  S.  ;  1823,  reelected  to  the 
same  office  for  the  term  of  six  years.  A  Trustee  of  Bow- 
doin  College. 

Job  Tyler.  2  Moses  died  1727  aged  85.  2  Hopestill, 
Samuel — 2  Moses,  3  Moses,  John,  Joseph,  Ebenezer,  Job, 
Samuel,  Nathaniel,  Jonathan,  James,  Joshua. 

2  Hopestill,  3  James,  Hopestill — s  John,  3  John,  Na- 
than, Robert. 

Edmond  Ingalls  came  from  Lincolnshire  to  Lynn, 
1629  ;  his  sons  were  2  Samuel,  Henry  and  Joseph.  Samuel 
has  posterity  in  Lynn. 

2  Henry  settled  in  Andover,  died  1719,  aged  92,  wid. 
Sarah  died  1728,  aged  90,  3  Henry,  Stephen,  John,  James, 
Josiah,   Francis — 3  Henry,    4  Henry,     Francis,     Joseph — 

4  Henry,  5  Henry,  David,  John,  Isaac — 5  Henry  Capt. 
died  1803,  aged  84,  6  Henry,  Solomon  deacon,  Daniel, 
Putnam — 5  David,  David,  Israel—5  John,  6  John  Col.  Jed- 
idiah  H.  U. — 4  Francis,  5  Ebenezer,  Francis,  Abijah — bEb- 
enezer,  6  Samuel,  James — 5  Abijah,  6  Jeremiah,  Jonathan, 
Hutchinson,  Ezra — 4  Joseph,  5  Joseph,  5  Calvin  &  C.  Rev. 
Stafford  — 5  Joshua,  6  Stephen,  Simon—3  James,    4  James, 

5  James  Esq.,  Ephraim — 5  James,  6  Charles  D.  Coll.  1790, 
Attorney,  Alfred — 3  Josiah,  4  Josiah  deacon,  5  Ebenezer 
Amos,    Simeon,  Jonathan  —3  Samuel,  4  Samuel,     Moses — 

4  Samuel  deacon,  5  Samuel,  Timothy — 4  Moses,  5  Daniel, 
Benjamin,  William,  John — 5  Daniel,  6  Samuel,  Fletcher — 

5  Benjamin,  Micajah  Capt.— 5  William  Newburyport,  Wil- 
liam H.  U.  1790,  M.  D.  Boston— 3  Stephen,  4  Ephraim, 
5  Ephraim — 3  John,  4John,  Stephen,  Benjamin-4./^/?,  John 
— 4  Stephen,  5  Stephen — 4  Benjamin,  5  Benjamin — 3  Fran- 
cis, 4  Nathan,  Josiah,  Phinehas  deacon,  Francis,  Jonathan. 

Ralph  Farkvm  married  Elizabeth  Holt,  1658,  2  Ralph, 
John,  Henry,  Thomas,  Ephraim— 2  Ralph,  3  Henry,  Ralph, 


34  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

Daniel,  William,  Nathaniel,  Barachias,  Benjamin,  Josiah — 
Henry,  Henry,   Manasseh — 2  John,  3  John  deacon,   died 
1762,  aged  77.  Wid.  Joanna,  died  1785,  aged  98—3  James, 
4  James—2  Ephraim,  3  Ephraim,  James,  Joseph. 

Thomas   Farnum,  married   Elizabeth   Sibborn  16G0, 
2  Thomas,  3  Ebenezer. 

John  Farnum  and  Rebekah  Kent  were  married  1667, 

2  John,  Stephen,  Jonathan,  Thomas,  David  — 2  John,  3  John 
— 2  Jonathan,  3  Jonathan — 2  David,  3  Peter. 

George  Abbot,  son  of  George,  who  died  at  Rowley 
1647,  leaving  two  other  sons,  Nehemiah  and  Thomas,  was 
married  to  Sarah  Farnum,  1658  ;  He  died  1689.  2  George, 
John,  Nehemiah,  Samuel;  2  George  died  1724,   aged   66, 

3  George,  Uriah,  Jacob,  Brookfield,  Obed,  Bedford,  Moses 
— 3  Uriah  died  1770,   aged   77,    4  John,   Uriah,   William, 

4  John  died  1779,  aged  54,  5  Nehemiah,  6  John,  Portsmouth, 
Butler,  Newburyport — 3  Obed,  Bedford,  4  Moses,  has  pos- 
terity in  Bedford — 2  Nehemiah  deacon,  esteemed  for  his 
christian  virtues,  died  1750,  aged  83,  3  Nehemiah,  Abiel, 
settled  in  Windsor,  Con.  Zebadiah,  John  Tolland,  Con. — 
3  Nehemiali  Lexington,  4  Nehemiah  physician  Chelmsford, 
died  1785.  William,  Joseph,—  4  William  died  1798,  aged 
74,  5  Jeduthan,  Bigsby — 5  Jeduthan  Capt.  6  -eduthan,  Amos 
deacon — 5  Bigsby,  6  William,  Benjamin  Col.  Joseph,  Hen- 
ry, Asa,  Samuel,  Nehemiah,  Timothy,  Warren  M.  D. — 
3  Zebadiah,  4  Nehemiah,  Zebadiah  —  4  Nehemiah  died 
1808,  aged  77.  Trustee  and  Treasurer  of  Phillips  Academy, 

5  Nehemiah,    Abiel,    William    Lovejoy    H.  U. 5   Abiel, 

Nehemiah — 4  Zebadiah  deacon,  trader,  died  1793,  aged  54, 
5  Zebadiah  deacon,  Herman. 

3  Obed  was  on  the  committee  to  attend  the  council  at 
the  ordination  of  Mr.  Penniman.  When  the  Council  as- 
sembled, Mr.  C.  objected  against  Mr.  E.  sitting  in  council. 
The  council  entered  into  conversation  on  the  subject,  and 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  35 

delayed  so  long,  that  the  people  were  apprehensive  that  the 
ordination  would  not  be  performed  that  day.  Mr.  Abbot  cal- 
led for  a  bowl,  lemons,  sugar,  &x.  made  a  bowl  full  of  punch, 
carried  it  to  the  council  chamber,  begged  leave  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  gentlemen  a  moment,  said,  that  they  had 
been  laboring  a  long  time  and  needed  refreshment,  and 
hoped  they  would  receive  it  kindly;  and,  if  perchance, 
they  should  discover  a  fly  or  mote  in  the  punch,  they  would 
carefully  remove  it  without  spilling  all  the  punch  or  break- 
ing the  bowl.  The  gentlemen  with  good  humour  drank 
the  punch,  took  the  hint  and  proceeded  immediately  to  thb 
business  of  the  ordination. 

Thomas  Abbot  married  Sarah  Steward,  1664,  2  Thom- 
as, Joseph,  Nathaniel,  John — 2  Thomas  died  1753,  aged 
86,  3  Thomas — 2  Nathaniel,  3  Nathaniel — 2  John,  3  John, 
Jonathan,  Philip,  John.  These  with  families  moved  to 
Andover,  Me.,  and  no  descendants  of  Thomas  remain  in 
town. 

Mark  Graves,  2  Abraham,  Mark,  Thomas — 2  Abra- 
ham, wid.  Sarah  died  1759,  aged  90,  3  Samuel,  Thomas, 
Eleazer,  John.  Descendants  have  left  Andover.  Wid. 
Sarah  died  1787,  aged  80. 

Stephen  Johnson,  2  Francis,  born  1666.  Stephen, 
Joseph,  Benjamin—2  Francis,  3  Francis,  Adam,  Samuel, 
Jonathan,  William. 

Thomas  Johnson,  died  1719,  aged  88,  2  John,  died 
1741,  aged  74.  Thomas,  James,  Peter,  2  Josiah,  3  David 
— 2  James,  3  James,  Andrew,  Peter,  Obadiah  died  1780, 
aged  81.  Joseph — 4  James,  3  James,  Peter. 

Timothy  Johnson,  2  Tohn  born  1677,  Timothy,  Sam- 
uel, Peter — 2  John  died  1761,  aged  84,  3  John,  4  John — 
s  Timothy,  3  Timothy,  Samuel. 

William  Johnson,  died  1725,  aged  75,  2  Benjamin, 
William,    Caleb—2  Benjamin,    3  Benjamin.     Col.    Samuel 


86  HISTORY  OF  ANBOVER. 

Johnson,  died  Nov.  12,  1796,  Mt.  84,  active  and  useful 
in  the  affairs  of  the  town  and  esteemed. 

Major  Samuel  Johnson  died  August  1824,  aged  81,  an 
active  officer  in  the  war  of  the  revolution. 

Robert  Russell,  died  1710,  aged  80,  2  Robert, 
Thomas,  Joseph,  Benjamin,  John — 2  Robert  died  1689, 
in  war,  3  Thomas — 2  Thomas  died  1731,  aged  68,  3  Thom- 
as, Peter,  Joseph — 2  Benjamin,  3  Benjamin— 2  James, 
3  Thomas—  ^John,  died  1778,  aged  96  years  4  months 
3  John,  Joseph. 

Walter  Wright,  died  1712,  aged  70,  2  Walter,  born 
1668,  Christopher,  John,  Thomas,  Joseph — 2  John,  John, 
Joshua.  Wid.  Mary,  died  1754,  aged  80— 2  Joseph,  Jo- 
seph. 

Joseph  Robinson,  died  1719,  aged  75,  2  Dane,  2  Jo- 
seph died  1761,  aged  83.    Joseph, — 2  Dane,  3  Dane. 

Joshua    Woodman,   died   1703,    aged   67,   in   Byfield, 

2  Joshua  born  1672,  Jonathan,  Benjamin. 

Joseph  Marble,  married  to  Mary  Faulkner  1671,  2  Jo- 
seph,  'onathan,  Edmond. 

Samuel  Marble,  2  Samuel,  born  1660,  Freegrace, 
Enoch,  Noah,  Daniel,  Job  and  Rebekah,  twins,  born  1695. 

John  Remington,  2  Joseph,  born  1650,  Thomas. 

Robert  Eimes,  or  Ames,  2  Daniel  born  1663,  John, 
Robert,  Jacob,  Joseph,  Nathan, — 2  John,  3  John. 

Samuel  Preston,  died  1738,  aged  85,  2  Samuel,  Wil- 
liam, Jacob,  John,  Joseph — 2  Samuel  died    1717,  aged   45, 

3  Samuel,  Isaac — 2  Jacob,  3  Benjamin — 2  John,  3  Thomas,, 
John — 2  Joseph,  3  Joseph. 

Alexander  Sessions,  2  John,  born  1674,  Alexander, 
Timothy,  Samuel,  Nehemiah,  Josiah,  Joseph. 

Daniel  Bigsbie,  died  1717,  aged  66,  2  Daniel,  Thom- 
as, David,  Joseph. 

Henry  Gray,  came  to  Andover  with    2  Robert,  died 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  87 

1718,  aged  84,  3  Edward,  Thomas,  Braviter,  Aaron  — 
Edward,  died  1759,  aged  80,  4  Edward,  Henry,  Samu- 
el, Aaron—3  Braviter,  4  Joseph,  Braviter — ^Robert,  3  Jon- 
athan, Timothy  deacon,  Wilton  died  1793,  aged  74.  5  Tim- 
othy, James   Best  and  Jonathan,  died  in  the  war,  Joseph. 

Samuel  Wardwell,  died  J 692.  2  William,  Samuel, 
Eliakim,  Wid.  Margaret  died  1795,  aged  88.-2  William, 
died  1751,  aged  78,  William,  died  1789,  aged  83.  Jon- 
athan, John    -  2 Samuel,  5  Samuel. 

John  Marstin,  2  Ephraim  born  1174,  Benjamin,  John. 

Jacob  Marstin,  died  1727,  2  Jacob,  born  1688.  Daniel, 
John,  Samuel. 

William  Blunt,  died  1709,  aged  67,  2  William,  Sam- 
uel, Hanburough— 3  William,  died  1738,  aged  67,  David, 
John  H.  U.   'onathan,  Ebenezer.  Isaac  died  1798,  aged  87. 

Andrew  Peters,  died  1713,  aged  77,  came  with  his 
family,  2  Andrew,  William,  John,  Samuel — 2  Andrew,  3  An- 
drew, 3  Andrew,  Sibbon. — 9  William,  3  John  — 2  Samue I, 
died  1736,  3  Samuel,  born  1697,  Andrew  Rev.  William, 
John  Beamsley — 2  Samuel,  Joseph—3  William,  Medfield, 
died  1786  or  7,  aged  85.  Hannah,  his  wife  died  1796,  aged 
93,  4  Joseph  died  1800,  aged  71,  Benjamin  aged  72,  Ma- 
ry aged  81,  Adam  79,  Eve  87,  Taphenes  77,  Andrew  80, 
Nathan  77,  Jethro,  living  in  1824,  aged  80,  Finis  died 
1822,  aged  73  ;  Average  age  often  77  years  and  8  months. 
-3  John,*  John  Esq.  Bluehill,  died  1823,  aged  30,  Andrew, 
died  1825,  aged  80,  Ariel,  Joseph. — 4  John,  5  John,  James 
Lemuel,  Daniel — 4  Andrew,  5  Andrew,  John,  Daniel — 
3  Joseph,  Henry  A.  H.  U.  John,  Joseph,  Jeremy. 

John  Bridges,  died  1736,  2  James,  Samuel— 2  James, 
3  James,  John,  — 3  John,  4  Moody  died  1736,  James,  John. 
— 4  James,  5  Moody  col. 

Joseph  Wilson,  died  1718,  aged  75,  son,  as  it  is  said, 
of  Rev.  John  Wilson,  Boston,  2  Joseph  born  1677,  John  — 
4 


38  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

2  Joseph,  3  Joseph — 2  John,  3  John,  5  Joshua  deacon,  Abiel 
Esq,  Wilton. 

Edward  Phelps,  2  Edward,  John — 2  Edward,  3  Ed- 
ward, Robert. 

Samuel  Phelps,  died  1746,  aged  95,  2  Samuel,  John, 
Joseph,  Thomas — 2  Samuel,  3  Samuel,  Wid.  Hannah,  died 
1746,  aged  94.  Francis,  Joseph — ?  Samuel,  died  1756,  in 
war,  4  Joshua,  Henry — 3  Francis,  4  Timothy,  Joseph  — 
4  Joseph  died  1822,  aged  78.  5  Joseph,  Elisha,  Wid.  Eliz- 
abeth died  1828,  aged  92. 

Moses  Haggett,  2  Moses,  William,  Timothy,  Thom- 
as— 2  Moses,  3  Moses,  Henry. 

John  Granger,  died  1725,  aged  70,  2  John,  Daniel, 
Samuel. 

Abraham  Moar,  died  1706,  2  Timothy  born  1688, 
Abraham,  Daniel. 

Samuel  Martin,  wid.  Abigail,  died  1739,  aged  87. 
2  Samuel,  born  1680,  John,  Nathaniel — 2  John,  died  1764, 
aged  79,  3  Joseph,  Jonathan  Wrilton,  died  1824,  aged  91. 

Ephraim  Foster,  died  1746,  aged  88,  2  Ephraim, 
John,  David,  Moses,  Joshua,  Aaron — 2  Ephraim,  3  Jedidi- 
ah  H.  C.  4  Theodore  senator  U.  S.  Dwight  senator  U.  S. 
— 2  John,  3  John,  Stephen—3  John,  4  John,  Ephraim,  Wil- 
liam— 4  John,  Joseph,  Jonas,  Moody — 4  William, 5 William, 
Jacob,  John,  Israel  — 3  Stephen,  4  David,  Stephen,  Simeon, 
John,  Nathan,  Daniel — 4  David,  5  Samuel,  Moses—4  Ste- 
phen, 5  Stephen,  John,  Samuel,  Joseph,  Ebenezer  — 
4  John,  Stephen  Rev.  Isaac — 4  Nathan,  Nathan — 4  Daniel, 
Daniel,  John — 2  David  deacon,  3  David  ~2  Moses,  Pem- 
broke, 3  Ephraim,  Moses,  Asa,  Caleb, Daniel— 4  Asa  5  Asa, 
Oliver,  Richard,  Joseph  F.,  Stephen,  Frederic,  Moses — 
*Caleb,  4  Caleb.—2  Aaron,  Bolton,  3  Elijah. 

John  Aslebe,  died  1728,  aged  72,  Wid.  Mary,  died 
1740,  aged  84,  2  John. 


SETTLEMENT  AND  SETTLERS.  39 

John  Carlton,  died  1745,  aged  87.  2  John,  Christo- 
pher, Joseph,  Daniel,  2  John,  3Joshua,  2  Christopher/3 Isaac. 
— 2  Joseph,  3.ioseph. 

Laurence  Lacy,  2  Laurence  born  1683. 

Thomas  Austin,  2  Thomas,  born  1 69 J.  Benjamin,  Dan- 
iel, Abiel. 

Samuel  Austin,  died  1753,  aged  83.  Wid.  Lucy,  died 
1759,  aged  88.  2  Samuel,  3  John,  Daniel. 

Robert  Swan,  2  Richard,  born  1691 — Joshua,  3  Josh- 
ua, Caleb  Capt. 

Henry  Bodwell,  2  Josiah,  born  1686,  Henry,  James, 
Daniel — 2  James,  3  James. 

John  Farrington,  2  Edward,  born  1662  in  England, 
came  from  Lynn  to  Andover-2  Edward,  3  John,  born  1693, 
Jacob,  Edward,  3  Daniel,  4  Daniel  Capt.  moved  to  Frye- 
burg  1764,  died  1819,  aged  88,  Thomas,  Jacob,  Phinehas 
Wilton,  Philip  Capt.  John,  Wilton,  died  1802,  aged  48. 

Thomas  Carrier,  from  Wales,  died  in  Colchester, 
Con.  aged  109  years.  2  Thomas,  Richard,  Andrew — 
2  Thomas,  3  Thomas — 2  Richard,  3  John. 

Samuel  Blanchard,  born,  Aug.  1629,  came  to  N.  Eng- 
land, 1639,  married,  1654,  2  Jonathan,  Joseph,  Thomas,, 
John.  Samuel  moved  from  Charlestown  to  Andover  1686, 
died  April  1707,  aged  77.  Jonathan  and  Thomas  settled  in 
Andover — 2  Jonathan,  3  Jonathan  born  1686,  David,  Ja- 
cob, Benjamin. 

2  Thomas,  died  1759,  aged  85,  3  Thomas,  born  1700. 
Joseph,  Josiah,  Nathaniel,  Isaac. 

3  Josiah,  died  1783,  aged  78,  4  Josiah,  Joshua,  Benja- 
min,— 4  Joshua  Wilton,  5  Joshua  Capt.  Amos  deacon, 
Andover.  Abel  physician  Pembroke,  N.  H. 

4  Benjamin,  Wilton,  5  Benjamin,  Isaac, 
Joseph  Emery,  died  1721,  3  Joseph,  born  1696. 
John  Gutterson,  2  John,  born   1692,    William,  Sam- 
uel, 


40  HISTORY    OF    ANDOVER. 

Hugh  Stone,  2John,  Simon,  Daniel,  Hugh — 2  John, 
3  John,  Joseph. 

The  first  settlers  of  Andover,  like  the  other  settlers  of 
New  England  were  puritans,  and  left  their  native  country  to 
enjoy  civil  and  religious  liberty.  They  were  men  of  stout 
hearts,  braved  the  ocean  and  the  greater  hardships  of  the 
wilderness.  Their  resolution  and  fortitude  were  equal  to 
their  trying  situation.  They  felt  like  a  band  of  brothers, 
ever  ready  to  encourage  and  assist  one  another.  Their 
privations,  hardships  and  sufferings  were  endured  with 
wonderful  fortitude  and  cheerfulness.  In  a  word,  they 
exhibited  a  very  favorable  specimen  of  all  those  virtues 
and  excellencies,  which  characterized  the  puritan  settlers 
of  New  England. 


CHAP.  III. 

INDIANS  AND  SUFFERINGS    FROM  THEM. 

The  features  of  the  Indians  are  good,  especially  those 
of  the  women  ;  their  complexion  somewhat  reddish,  or  cop- 
per coloured  ;  their  hair  black  and  straight ;  their  limbs 
clean,  straight,  and  well  proportioned.  A  crooked  or  de- 
formed person  is  rarely  to  be  found  among  them.  They 
are  very  ingenious  in  their  way  ;  are  quick  of  apprehension, 
sudden  in  despatch,  subtil  in  their  dealings,  ready  in  inven- 
tion, and  in  labor  assiduous.  They  had  wigwams,  or  cab- 
ins to  defend  them  from  the  weather.  These  were  built 
by  uniting  poles  at  the  top,  and  inserting  them  into  the 
ground  at  suitable  distance.  These  were  covered  with 
bark,  boughs  of  trees,  or  skins  except  an  aperture   at  the 


INDIANS    AND    SUFFERINGS    FROM    THEM.  41 

top  for  smoke,  and  a  small  place  for  entrance  at  the  side. 
The  fire  was  built  in  the  centre  ;  the  ground  around  the 
fire  was  covered  with  mats,  skins,  or  boughs,  as  they  could 
afford.  They  used  no  chairs,  but  sat  on  this  covering,  and 
had  no  need  of  a  table.  They  slept  with  their  feet  toward 
the  fire.  A  whole  family,  and  sometimes  more,  was  accom- 
modated in  one  of  these  cabins,  which  had  but  one  room. 
They  were  commonly  built  near  good  water. 

They  had  skins  for  clothing  before  the  English  came 
among  them,  from  which  they  made  mocasins  for  their  feet. 
They  often  took  fish  with  a  kind  of  spear.  They  used  bows 
and  arrows  for  hunting  and  for  war.  The  end  of  the  ar- 
row was  often  pointed  with  flint  stone  ;  these  points  have 
been  found  in  the  fields  long  since  the  Indians  have  depart- 
ed. Their  game  was  sometimes  taken  in  traps,  pitfalls  or 
snares.  Various  instruments  of  stone  have  been  found, 
since  they  have  left  the  country.  They  soon  found  the  use 
of  hatchets,  knives,  fire  arms,  blankets,  and  other  articles 
after  the  English  came  among  them. 

They  made  canoes  of  bark  taken  from  large  birch  trees. 
This  was  sewed  together  with  fibres,  or  roots.  It  was  put 
into  proper  shape,  and  strengthened  by  ribs,  or  thin  pieces 
of  wood,  and  a  rim,  like  the  top  of  a  basket,  was  fastened 
all  round  it  and  bound  with  tough  bark,  or  fibres  of  roots. 
It  was  daubed  with  pitch  to  prevent  leaking.  With  these 
canoes,  they  could  pass  up  and  down  and  across  rivers,  and 
they  would  carry  several  persons.  They  were  light  and 
might  be  carried  with  ease,  round  falls  of  water,  or  from 
one  stream  to  another. 

A  few  years  before  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  at  PJymA 
outh,  the  Massachusetts  Indians  were  very  much  diminish- 
ed by  a  pestilential  disease  and  by  wars.     Some  tribes  had 
become  extinct ;  others  were  very  small.     It  has  been  sta- 
ted, that  from  thirty  thousand  they  were  reduced  to  three 

hundred  warriors. 

4* 


42  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Andover  was  a  place  of  resort  favorable  to  their  mode 
of  life.  There  was  a  plenty  of  fish  in  the  Merrimack  and 
the  numerous  streams  running  into  it ;  the  light  land  near 
the  water  was  suitable  to  the  cultivation  of  corn  and  beans, 
and  the  forest  afforded  them  game.  Roger  with  a  small 
company  had  a  settlement  near  Cochichewick  brook. 

Such  was  the  kindness,  such  the  justice  and  humanity 
of  the  first  settlers,  that  they  suffered  very  little  from  the 
Indians,  for  more  than  thirty  years.  An  ejuaitable  consid- 
eration was  paid  for  whatever  was  obtained  from  them. 
The  inhabitants  were  able  safely  and  quietly  to  pursue  their 
business,  till  the  breaking  out  of  Philip's  war  in  1675. 
This  rendered  garrison  houses  necessary  for  refuge  and  de- 
fence. 

These  houses  were  sometimes  made  of  thick  timbers, 
sometimes  filled  with  bricks  between  the  studs.  Sometimes 
they  were  surrounded  with  a  rampart,  or  stockade.  A 
watch  was  kept  through  the  night.  During  the  time  of  war, 
there  was  a  garrison  house  in  every  neighborhood  in  the 
different  parts  of  the  town. 

The  first  violence  and  damage  occurred  on  the  19th 
April  1670*.  u  Mr.  Ephraim  Stevens  discovered  the  enemy 
about  a  mile  this  side  of  Bod  well's  ferry,  but  escaped  upon 
his  horse,  and  alarmed  the  inhabitants.  The  Indians  pur- 
sued and  passed  along  the  main  road,  without  doing  any 
mischief,  till  they  came  to  the  south  part  of  the  town,  where 
they  killed  Joseph  Abbot,  and  took  Timothy  Abbot." 
These  were  sons  of  George  Abbot,  sen.  Joseph  was  stout 
and  resolute,  and  probably  made  resistance  ;  and  there  is 
a  tradition,  that  he  killed  one,  or  more,  of  them,  before  he 
wTas  slain.  He  was  in  his  24th  year.  Timothy  was  in  his 
13th  year,  was  kept  several  months,  and  was  brought  back 
by  a  squaw  who  knew  the  family  and  was  friendly.  He  had 
been  treated  by  the  Indians  as  well  as  circumstances  would 


INDIANS  AND  SUFFERINGS  FROM  THEM.  43 

admit ;  but,  as  Hubbard  states,  was  greatly  pined  with  hun- 
ger. 

"  At  the  same  time  Mr.  Faulkner's  house  was  burned, 
and  Roger  Marks  was  wounded  and  his  horse  killed.  They 
killed  some  cattle,  but  had  time  only  to  cut  out  their  tongues, 
being  fired  upon  by  the  people  in  the  garrison."  A  few 
months  after,  a  small  party  of  the  enemy  surprised  and  cap- 
tivated Mr.  Haggett  and  two  of  his  sons.*  July  10th  1G77, 
John  Parker,  James  Parker,  John  Phelps,  and  Daniel 
Blackhead  were  surprised  and  slain  at  black  point  in  Scar- 
borough. 

11  In  1688,  the  Indians  commenced  another  war  with 
the  English.  Andover  suffered  more  in  this,  than  in  the 
preceding  war."  In  August  1689,  John  Peters  and  An- 
drew Peters  were  killed  by  the  Indians ;  and  in  the  same 
year,  Lt.  John  Stevens,  Benjamin  Lovejoy,  Eleazar  Streaton 
and  Robert  Russell  died  in  the  war  at  the  eastward.  In 
August  1696,  John  Hoit  and  William  Peters  were  slain. 
But  the  most  severe  and  distressing  shock,  which  Andover 
ever  suffered  from  the  Indians,  was  on  the  fifth  of  March 
1698  ;  "  when  between  30  and  40  Indians  surprised  the  town 
killed  five  persons,  burnt  two  houses  and  two  barns  with 
the  cattle  in  them — set  another  dwelling  house  and  the  meet- 
ing house  on  fire  ;  but  the  fires  were  happily  extinguished 
before  they  had  done  much  damage."*  The  persons  killed 
were  Simon  Wade,  Nathaniel  Brown,  Penelope  Johnson, 
aged  19,  daughter  of  Timothy  Johnson,  Capt.  Pascoe 
Chubb  and  Hannah  his  wife,  aged  41,  daughter  of  Ed&iond  - 

Faulkner.   Chubb,  two  years  before,  had  been  ^apt.  at  Pe-  -  £**c&Ca 
maquid  fort,    when   he   had    treacherously   murdered    two 
chiefs  of  the    Indians,  and  had  greatly  irritated  them  ;  and 
his  death   afforded  them  as  much  joy,  as  the   taking  of  a 
whole  town,  because   they  had  taken,  though   by  accident, 

*  Dr.  Syramos's  Thanksgiving  Sonnon. 


44  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

their  beloved  revenge  on  him  for  his  barbarity  and  perfidy 
to  their  countrymen.  "  They  took  Col.  Dudley  Bradstreet 
and  family  and  carried  them  about  fifty  rods  from  his  house, 
when  they  halted  and  dismissed  their  prisoners  without  of- 
fering them  the  least  injury;  a  singular  instance  of  mercy 
in  a  people,  who  had  always  shown  themselves  to  be  cruel, 
and  to  have  no  mercy.  The  tradition  is,  that  one  Water- 
numrnon,  an  Indian  who  lived  at  Newbury,  and  is  suppos- 
ed to  have  had  a  particular  regard  to  Col.  Bradstreet,  under- 
took to  conduct  the  Indians  to  his  house  upon  these  con- 
ditions, that  they  should  neither  kill  nor  captivate  any  of 
his  family."*  They  took  Abiel  Stevens,  a  lad,  who  feigned 
himself  lame  and  kept  behind  ;  the  Indians  hastened,  ex- 
pecting to  be  pursued,  he  turned,  ran  and  made  his  escape, 
though  fired  upon  by  the  Indian  who  took  him. 

"  The  snow  being  uncommonly  deep,  and  the  inhabi- 
tants unprovided  with  snow  shoes,  the  Indians  were  not  pur- 
sued." 

"  Assacumbuit,  their  principal  leader,  had  distinguished 
himself  in  this  war,  by  his  horrid  barbarities,  which  render- 
ed their  conduct  in  releasing  the  captives  the  more  extra- 
ordinary."* 

No  assault  after  this  has  been  made  upon  Andover  ; 
but  towns  near  suffered  severely  many  years  afterward. 

The  inhabitants  were  obliged  to  use  caution  and  often 
to  repair  to  garrisons  fur  safety.  Block  houses  were  neces- 
sary near  the  Merrimack  to  secure  the  fields  and  laborers. 
In  the  spring  of  1704,  four  block  houses  were  built  at  the 
expense  of  the  Province,  for  £8,  8,  10,  by  Christopher  Os- 
good ajid  John  Barker.  It  was  very  necessary  to  have  a 
block  house  in  Shawshin  fields,  as  there  was  no  garrison 
or  dwelling  house  near,  and  many  of  the  inhabitants  raised 
corn  and  rye  in  these  fields. 

In  September  1722,  the  town  voted,   "that  there  be  a 

*  Dr.  Symmes's  Serniou. 


INDIANS  AND  SUFFERINGS  FROM  THEM.  45 

new  block-house  builded  against  Henry  Bodwell's,  and  the 
other  three  block-houses  in  said  town  shall  be  repaired,  all 
at  the  town's  expense."  In  1735,  the  block-house  in  Shaw- 
shin  field  was  sold  for  20s  to  John  Johnson. 

The  Indians  were  enemies  very  much  dreaded.  They 
concealed  themselves  and  lay  in  ambush,  and  waited  long 
and  patiently,  for  an  opportunity  to  surprise  their  prey. 
They  never  made  their  attacks  openly,  nor  fought  in  the 
open  field.  The  time  of  assault  was  often  just  before  dawn 
of  day,  when  they  could  strike  the  blow  without  resistance, 
and  could  cause  the  greatest  panic.  The  inhabitants  did 
not  feel  safe  in  their  fields,  and  were  liable  to  be  shot  down 
while  at  their  labour.  They  frequently  carried  their  fire- 
arms with  them  to  their  work.  They  also  carried  their 
guns,  when  they  assembled  for  worship  on  the  sabbath, 
and  were  exposed  to  be  way  laid  in  going  and  returning, 
and  assaulted  in  the  meeting  house.  They  could  not  rest 
safely  in  their  beds,  without  constant  watch  in  time  of  war. 
They  knew  not  when  the  enemy  was  near  ;  they  encamp- 
ed in  the  wilderness,  and  were  in  the  same  place  only  a 
short  time.  It  was  as  difficult  to  hunt  them  in  the  forest, 
as  to  hunt  a  wolf,  and  they  were  skilful  at  lying  at  ambush 
for  their  pursuers. 

Under  such  circumstances,  the  early  settlers  suffered 
exceedingly,  not  only  from  actual  assaults,  but  from  alarms 
and  constant  apprehension  of  danger.  Their  labors  were 
often  interrupted,  much  time  was  lost,  and  much  expense 
incurred  in  securing  their  families  and  property.  They 
were  exposed,  and  suffered  frequent  losses,  by  destruction 
of  their  cattle,  houses  and  barns,  and  pillage  of  their  fields. 
They  were  often  called  to  perform  military  duty,  not  only 
to  protect  themselves,  but  the  frontiers;  and  numbers  per- 
ished in  their  wars,  by  sickness,  hardships,  or  by  the  ene- 
my.    How  little  do  we,  their  posterity,   know  of  the  dan- 


46  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

gers,  alarms,  distresses,  and  hardships,  to  which  they  were 
exposed,  and  which  they  endured  ! 

It  was  important  to  our  ancestors,  that  peace  was  pre- 
served with  the  natives  so  many  years.  There  was  no  war 
with  them  near  Andover  for  more  than  thirty  years  after 
the  plantation  was  begun  ;  but  they  were  obliged  to  attend 
to  military  duty  and  to  be  equipped.  How  easily  might  the 
first  settlers  of  New  England  have  been  destroyed,  had  the 
natives  been  hostile,  and  had  they  combined  and  exerted 
themselves  to  remove  their  new  neighbours !  Divine  pro- 
vidence favored  the  arduous  undertaking  of  settling  a  wil- 
derness. The  first  planters  were  men  of  principle,  and 
treated  the  savages  with  kindness  and  justice,  and  secured 
their  confidence. 

When  wars  commenced,  the  planters  had  increased  in 
numbers  and  strength,  and,  with  their  superior  skill  and 
means  of  defence,  they  were  able  to  protect  themselves, 
and  drive  the  enemy  to  distant  parts,  or  weaken  and  de- 
stroy them,  and  compel  them  to  preserve  peace. 

The  frontier  settlements  were  exposed,  and  frequently 
suffered  depredations  from  the  Indians,  till  the  reduction  of 
Canada,  and  the  French,  in  1763,  ceded  their  territories 
in  America  to  the  English. 

It  is  probable,  that  the  Indians  left  Andover,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  Philip's  war,  and  that  few,  if  any,  families 
have  resided  there  since.  The  residence  of  an  Indian  fam- 
ily in  Andover  is  not  now  recollected  by  the  oldest  inhabi- 
tants. They  have  uniformly  retired  from  civilization,  and 
have  not  long  continued,  where  settlements  have  been 
made  by  the  English. 

In  1679,  grants  of  land  were  made  to  Edmond  Faulk- 
ner, John  Farnum,  and  Ephraim  Stevens,  in  consideration 
of  losses  sustained  by  the  Indians.     In  1683,  a  grant  of  six 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  47 

acres  was  made  to  Joshua  Woodman.  Amherst,  N.  H. 
was  granted,  in  1738,  to  those  who  had  served  in  Philip's 
war,  or  to  their  representatives.  The  representatives  of 
nine  belonging  to  Andover,  had  shares.  This  grant  was 
made  more  than  sixty  years  after  the  war  closed. 

Philip's  war  commenced  in  1675 ;  peace  was  establish- 
ed, Nov.  1676.  War  from  1688  to  the  declaration  of  the 
peace  of  Ryswick,  in  1697 — war  began  at  the  westward, 
in  1703  ;  peace  restored,  in  1713,  by  the  treaty  of  Utretcht. 
It  is  computed,  that  from  5,000  to  6,000  young  men  were 
lost  in  these  wars  ;  and  that  the  population,  during  that  pe- 
riod, suffered  a  check  of  not  less  than  100,000  souls. 


CHAP.  IV. 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN. 

The  town  records  for  the  first  twenty  or  twenty  five 
years  are  very  defective.  We  are  left  entirely  in  the  dark 
concerning  transactions  interesting  and  gratifying  to  curi- 
osity, if  an  account  of  them  could  be  found.  In  this  peri- 
od, a  meeting  house  had  been  built,  and  two  ministers  had 
been  settled. 

1656,  March.  The  first  town  meeting  noticed  in  the 
records  was  held  at  John  Osgood's  house. 

1660.  The  town  taking  into  consideration  the  great 
damage  that  may  come  to  the  town  by  persons  living  re- 
mote upon  such  lands  as  were  given  them  for  ploughing 
and  planting,  and  so  by  their  hogs  and  cattle  destroy  the 
meadows  adjoining  thereunto  ;  have  ordered  and  do  hereby 
order,  that  whosoever  inhabitant  or  other  shall  build  any 


48  HISTORY  OP  ANUOVER. 

dwelling  house  in  that  part  of  the  town  but  upon  houselots, 
or  other  places  granted  for  that  end,  without  express  leave 
from  the  town,  shall  forfeit  twenty  shillings  a  month  for  the 
time  he  shall  live  in  any  such  prohibited  place  ; — the  town 
having  given  houselots  to  build  on,  to  all  such  as  they  have 
received  as  inhabitants  of  the  town.f 

16o4.  Attendance  of  every  voter  was  required,  and  ev- 
ery neglect  to  come  to  the  town  meeting  at  the  day  and 
time  appointed,  subjected  the  delinquent  to  a  forfeiture  of 
twelve  pence.* 

The  town  was  very  attentive  to  have  good  order  in 
their  public  meetings,  whether  for  ordinary  business,  or 
public  worship. 

1672.  It  is  ordered,  that  whatsoever  dogs  shall  be  in 
the  meeting  house  on  the  sabbath  day,  the  owner  thereof 
shall  pay  six  pence  for  every  time  being  there,  and  G.  A. 
jr.  is  appointed  to  take  notice  thereof  and  have  the  pay 
for  his  pains  and  to  gather  it  up.*  — If  this  order  were  still 
enforced,  it  might  prevent  a  nuisance  often  troublesome  to 
religious  assemblies. 

1G73.  It  is  ordered,  that  if  any  man  speak  in  town 
meeting  after  silence  commanded  twice  by  the  moderator, 
shall  forfeit  twelve  pence,  this  order  to  hold  good  forever.* 
— If  this  order  were  still  enforced,  it  would  tend  to  the  des- 
patch of  business. 

Care  was  taken  to  prevent  disputes,  as  may  be  seen  by 
the  following  order  ;  that  once  within  three  years,  every 
man  that  hath  any  land  lying  unfenced,  shall  take  one  of 
/  his  neighbours  with  him,  and  renew  the  bound  marks,  and 
I  give  the  same  to  the  selectmen,  so  that  it  may  prevent  fu- 
!  lure  trouble  ;  and  whosoever  shall  fail  to  do  so,  shall  for- 
feit the  sum  of  five  shillings  to  the  town  use. 

*  Town  Records. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  49 

1680.  Mr.  Dane,  Dudley  Bradstreet,  G* .  \ge  Abbot, 
and  others  were  appointed  a  committee  to  seat  the  meeting 
house  ; — and  it  was  voted  and  agreed  upon,  that  if  any  per- 
son, whether  male  or  female,  shall  sit  in  any  other  place  in 
the  meeting  house  than  what  they  are  appointed  by  the 
aforesaid  committee,  shall  forfeit  for  every  such  offence  for 
the  use  of  the  town  twenty  pence,  to  be  forthwith  gathered 
by  the  constable  by  order  from  said  committee,  and  if  the 
constable  faileth  so  to  do  as  abovesaid,  to  pay  said  sum  him- 
self. 

1679.  Ordered  by  the  selectmen,  that  no  persons  en- 
tertain others  in  their  houses  after  9  o'clock  in  the  evening 
without  warrantable  business,  on  penalty  of  five  shillings — 
no  young  persons  to  be  abroad  on  Saturday  or  Sunday 
nights,  nor  people  to  entertain  on  these  nights  on  the  like 
penalty — persons  unseasonably  from  their  own  homes  ex- 
posed to  the  same  forfeiture.  The  tithingmen  were  requir- 
ed to  examine  and  report  the  breaches  of  these  orders. 

1695.  Two  persons  were  appointed  by  the  selectmen  to 
sit  in  the  galleries  to  inspect  the  young  on  the  Sabbath,  and 
were  required  to  notify  disorderly  persons  to  the  minister, 
who  was  requested  for  the  first  offence  to  admonish  them 
publicly  :  but  on  the  second  offence,  complaint  was  to  be 
made  to  a  Justice  of  peace,  that  the  offender  may  be  pun- 
ished for  such  crimes,  as  the  law  directs. 

1684.  That  the  town  might  have  a  correct  list  of  taxa- 
ble property,  it  was  ordered,  that  all  persons  shall   bring  in 
a  list  of  their  ratable  estate  the  last  Monday  in   August  at 
8  o'clock  from  year  to  year,  then  to  be  examined  in  pub-| 
lie   meeting  ;  and   whoever  shall  keep    back   any  part  of] 
their  ratable  estate  shall  forfeit  five  shillings  for  every  par-) 
ticular  to  the  use  of  the  town,  according  to  a  former  order/ 
and  whoever  shall  not  bring  in  their  bills  as  abovesaid  shall 
be  rated  by  will  and  doomer.     It  was  further, 
5 


50 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


1686.  Voted  and  passed,  that  the  constable  from  year 
to  year,  shall  on  the  last  Monday  in  August  at  9  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  call  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  by  name, 
(by  inhabitants  is  meant  all  householders  and  persons  that 
have  management  of  any  estate  and  hired  servants)  and  if 
any  such  persons  shall  not  then  appear  at  the  meeting 
house,  and  bring  in  their  bills  of  their  ratable  estates,  they 
shall  pay  five  shillings  to  the  use  of  the  town. 

The  town  early  encouraged  the  settling  of  mechanics 
and  tradesmen  and  the  building  of  mills. 

1664.  It  is  agreed  by  the  town  for  encouragement,  that 
such  persons  as  shall  undertake  to  build  a  corn  and  a  saw 
mill  shall  have  liberty  to  cut  timber  on  any  part  of  the 
common  on  the  west  side  of  Shawshin  river. 

1673.  Granted  to  Edward  Whittington  and  Walter 
Wright  five  acres  of  land  for  encouragement  of  erecting  a 
fulling  mill,  which  they  promise  to  set  about  the  next  spring. 

1675.  Liberty  was  granted  to  a  tanner,  that  shall  be 
allowed  by  the  town,  to  make  use  of  what  bark  is  needful 
for  his  works  in  town,  provided  he  fell  no  trees  that  are  fit 
for  building  or  mill  timber. 

1682.  Granted  liberty  to  any  man,  that  the  town  or 
committee  shall  choose,  to  set  up  a  saw  mill,  fulling  mill, 
and  grist  mill  upon  Shawshin  river  near  Rogers  brook,  to 
take  up  20  acres  of  land  adjoining  said  place,  and  to  enjoy 
the  same  forever  with  the  privilege  of  a  townsman. 

1688.  It  was  voted,  that  the  20  acres  of  land  shall  be 
improved  by  Joseph  and  John  Ballard  and  their  heirs  so 
long  as  they  shall  keep  up  a  grist  mill,  fulling  mill,  &,c. 
In  the  same  year,  it  was  voted  to  encourage  setting  up  iron 
works;  and  in  1691,  to  lay  off  so  much  of  Benjamin  Ab- 
bot's land  as  will  be  beneficial  for  a  corn-mill  and  iron 
works  intended  to  be  set  up. 

1686.  Granted  liberty  to  Henry  Ingalls  jr.  to  set  up  a 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  51 

saw  mill  on  Musketoe  river  below  Boston  meadow  way. 
And  to  Henry  Holt  to  set  up  a  saw  mill  on  Ladle  meadow 
brook. 

1693.  Granted  to  Lt.  Johnson  and  Ebenezer  Barker 
the  benefit  of  Shawshin  stream  against  said  Barker's  land 
to  erect  a  fulling  mill. 

1695.  Granted  to  Samuel  Osgood,  John  Abbot,  jr. 
Thomas  Abbot,  sen.  Joseph  and  Henry  Chandler  to  set  up 
a  saw  mill  on  Cochichevvick  river,  two  or  three  rods  above 
the  lower  ford  way. 

1671.  The  bounds  between  Andoverand  Woburn  were 
settled. 

1718.  The  bounds  were  settled  and  stated  between  Sa- 
lem and  Andover. 

1695.  Voted,  that  twenty  shillings  be  given  for  every 
wolf  caught  and  carried  to  the  constable. 

1698.  Voted,  that  a  committee  be  chosen  to  receive 
anew  the  records  of  the  town  lands  according  to  what  pa- 
pers may  be  found,  that  have  been  upon  record  before  ; — 
our  town  records  being  taken  away  by  the  enemy  Indians. 

The  first  proprietors  raised  their  town  rates  on  their 
lots  until  the  year  1681.  Then  they  agreed  among  them- 
selves, and  all  that  were  then  householders  to  raise  all  town 
charges  by  heads  and  their  ratable  estates  ;  and  every  man 
was  to  possess  all  town  privileges,  and  also  to  have  an  in- 
terest in  the  common  lands  according  to  what  tax  he  paid. 
On  the  8th  of  March  170*2,  at  a  general  town  meeting  of 
the  proprietors,  a  committee  was  appointed  for  settling  and 
reviving  the  agreement  of  the  proprietors  and  making  a 
correct  list  of  the  names  of  the  proper  proprietors,  as  these 
were  not  entered  on  the  record  in  1681. 

1714  Jan.  28,  in  town  meeting  121  proprietors  were  ad- 
ded to  the  list  made  in  1702.  Soon  after  the  proprietors  or- 
ganized, transacted  business  separately  from  the  town,  and) 


52  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

began  distinct  records  in  1715,  and  the  grants,  or  divisions 
of  land,  were  recorded  in  their  Book.  Previous  to  this, 
grants  were  made  by  the  commoners,  or  houselot  men,  as 
they  were  called,  and  recorded  in  the  town  book.  Divis- 
ions of  land  were  laid  off  from  time  to  time  to  the  propri- 
etors according  to  their  several  proportions,  and  land  was 
sold  and  the  money  was  divided  accordingly. 

172*2.  Voted  by  the  proprietors  to  lay  out  all  the  clay 
grounds  that  are  common  to  the  use  of  the  inhabitants  for- 
ever. 

An  act  was  passed  June  1801,  by  the  General  Court, 
requiring  the  Treasurer  of  the  Proprietors  of  Andover  to 
pay  over  one  half  of  all  the  monies  and  estate,  which  was, 
or  hereafter  may  be,  in  his  hands  as  treasurer,  unto  the 
Trustees  of  the  Free  School  in  the  North  Parish  in  Ando- 
ver, for  instruction  in  the  school ;  the  other  half  was  paid 
over  to  Trustees  appointed  in  the  South  Parish,  the  in- 
come to  be  appropriated  for  instruction  in  the  free  schools 
of  the  parish. 

The  inhabitants  of  Andover  were  zealously  engaged  in 
opposing  the  arbitrary  measures  of  the  British  government, 
were  united,  and,  by  the  influence  of  the  fathers  of  the 
town,  were  preserved  from  disorder  and  riotous  proceed- 
ings. This  will  readily  appear  from  the  town  records. 
1765,  Sept.  11th.  Whereas  sundry  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  town  are  threatened  with  injuries  and  abuses  from  ri- 
otous assemblies,  said  town  unanimously  voted  their  utter 
detestation  and  abhorrence  of  all  such  violent  and  extraor- 
dinary proceedings;  and  that  the  selectmen,  the  militia 
officers  and  magistrates  of  the  town  be  desired  to  use  their 
utmost  endeavours  agreeable  to  law  to  suppress  the  same ; 
and  that  the  freeholders  and  other  inhabitants  will  do  every 
thing  in  their  power  to  assist  them  therein. 

The  unanimity  and  correct  views  of  the  town  may  be 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  53 

seen  from  the  following  vote  and  instructions  to  their  rep- 
resentative. 

1765,  Oct.  21.  Voted  that  Col.  James  Frye,  Deac.  Isaac 
Abbot,  George  Abbot,  Esq.  Mr.  Moody  Bridges,  Capt.  Pe- 
ter Osgood,  Col.  John  Osgood,  Capt.  Asa  Foster,  Capt. 
John  Foster,  Capt.  Peter  Parker,  Capt.  John  Farnum,  be 
a  committee  to  draw  up  instructions  for  the  representative 
of  the  town  at  the  great  and  general  Court  of  this  Province, 
and  report  as  soon  as  may  be. 

The  Committee  appointed  for  the  purpose  aforesaid  re- 
ported the  following  draught,  which  being  read  was  unani- 
mously accepted. 

To  Samuel  Phillips,  Esq.  Representative  for  the  town 
of  Andover  in  his  Majesty's  province  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bay. 

Sir,  We,  the  freeholders  and  other  inhabitants  of  said 
town,  legally  assembled  in  town  meeting  on  said  day,  to 
consider  what  may  be  proper  on  our  part  to  be  done  at  this 
critical  conjuncture,  being  a  time,  we  apprehend,  that  we 
and  the  rest  of  his  Majesty's  subjects  of  this  province,  as 
well  as  those  of  the  other  provinces  and  colonies  in  British 
America,  are  by  sundry  acts  of  Parliament  of  Great  Britain, 
especially  by  an  act  commonly  called  the  Stamp  Act,  in 
danger  of  being  not  only  reduced  to  such  indigent  circum- 
stances as  will  render  us  unable  to  manifest  our  loyalty  to 
the  Crown  of  Great  Britain,  as  upon  all  occasions  we  have 
hitherto  done,  by  cheerfully  exhibiting  our  substance  for 
the  defence  of  the  British  dominions  in  this  part  of  the 
world  ;  but  of  being  deprived  of  some  of  our  most  valuable 
privileges  which  by  Charter  and  loyalty  we  have  always 
thought  and  still  think  ourselves  justly  entitled  to. 

Therefore  we  take  it  to  be  a  duty  justly  due  to  ourselves 
and  posterity  to  instruct  you,  that  you  do  not  give  your 
assent  to  any  act  of  Assembly  that  shall  signify  any  willing- 
5* 


54  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

ness  in  your  constituents  to  submit  to  any  internal  taxes 
that  are  under  any  colour  imposed,  otherwise  than  by  the 
General  Court  of  this  province  agreeable  to  the  constitution 
of  this  government ; — That  you  join  in  such  dutiful  remon- 
strances to  the  King  and  Parliament,  and  other  becoming 
measures  as  shall  carry  the  greatest  probability  to  obtain  a 
repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act,  and  an  alleviation  of  the  embar- 
rassments, the  commercial  affairs  of  this  province  labour 
under  by  the  rigorous  execution  of  the  acts  of  Parliament 
respecting  the  same  ; — and  we  also  desire  you  to  use  your 
utmost  endeavours  that  all  extraordinary  grants  and  expen- 
sive measures  may  upon  all  occasions  as  much  as  possible 
be  avoided  ; — and  we  would  recommend  particularly  the 
strictest  care  and  the  utmost  firmness  to  prevent  all  uncon- 
stitutional draughts  upon  the  public  treasury ; — that  you 
would  use  your  best  endeavours,  in  conjunction  with  the 
other  members  of  the  General  Court,  to  suppress  all  riotous 
unlawful  assemblies,  and  to  prevent  all  unlawful  acts  of  vio- 
lence upon  the  persons  and  substance  of  his  Majesty's  sub- 
jects in  this  Province. 

The  following  expression  of  sympathy  with  the  suffer- 
ers during  the  commotion  respecting  the  Stamp  Act,  is 
honorable  to  the  town. 

1766,  Sept.  Being  put  to  vote  whether  the  town  will  in- 
struct their  Representative  to  use  his  influence  in  the  Great 
and  General  Court  of  this  Province  that  the  sufferers  in  the 
late  troublesome  times  in  Boston  may  have  a  consideration 
paid  them  out  of  the  Province  treasury,  or  such  other  way 
as  said  Court  shall  judge  to  be  most  fit  and  equitable  ;  it 
passed  in  the  affirmative. 

1768,  March,  Voted  that  Samuel  Phillips  Esq.  Capt.  Asa 
Foster,  Capt.  Peter  Osgood,  George  Abbot  Esq.  Col.  James 
Frye,  Capt.  John  Foster,  and  Mr.  Joshua  Holt  be  a  Com- 
mittee to  consider  of  some  measures  that  may  tend  to  en- 


PROCEEDINGS  OP  THE  TOWN.  55 

courage  prudence  and  manufactures,  and  to  lessen  the  use 
of  superfluities  in  the  town,  and  report  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  town  in  May  next. 

The  committee  appointed  as  above,  reported — That  in 
order  to  securing  to  ourselves  and  transmitting  to  posterity 
those  invaluable  rights  and  privileges  both  civil  and  reli- 
gious, which  have  been  dearly  purchased  by  our  predeces- 
sors the  first  settlers  of  this  country,  the  loss  of  which  is 
greatly  threatened  by  the  great  and  growing  imprudences 
and  immoralities  among  us;— The  Committee  are  humbly 
of  opinion,  that  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  inhabi- 
tants of  this  town  use  their  utmost  endeavours,  and  that 
they  enforce  their  endeavours  by  their  example,  for  the 
suppressing  of  extravagance,  idleness  and  vice,  and  for  the 
promoting  of  industry,  economy  and  good  morals  ;  and  by 
all  prudent  means  endeavour  to  discountenance  the  impor- 
tation and  use  of  foreign  superfluities,  and  to  promote  and 
encourage  manufactures  in  the  town.  The  above  report 
was  unanimously  accepted  by  the  town. 

The  town  resolutely  opposed  the  taxes  imposed  by  par- 
liament, as  appears  from  the  following  extract  from  the 
town  book. 

1770,  May.  The  town  taking  into  consideration  the  dis- 
tresses this  Province  is  labouring  under  by  the  operation  of 
a  late  act  of  Parliament  imposing  duties  on  tea,  paper, 
glass,  &,c.  made  and  passed  for  the  express  purpose  of  rais- 
ing a  revenue  in  the  American  Colonies  without  their  con- 
sent, which  act  we  apprehend  is  oppressive,  repugnant  to 
the  natural  and  constitutional  rights  of  the  people,  contrary 
both  to  the  spirit  and  ietter  of  the  royal  Charter  granted 
by  their  majesties  king  William  and  Queen  Mary  to  the 
inhabitants  of  this  province,  whereby  are  ordained  and  es- 
tablished the  having  and  enjoying  all  liberties  and  immu- 
nities of  free  and  natural    born  subjects;  and  subversive  of 


56  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

the  great  and  good  designs  of  our  most  worthy  ancestors, 
who  crossed  the  ocean,  willingly  exposed  themselves  to 
every  danger,  parted  with  their  blood  and  treasure,  suffer- 
ed hunger,  cold,  and  nakedness,  and  every  other  hardship 
human  nature  is  capable  of,  to  purchase  and  defend  a  quiet 
habitation  for  themselves  and  posterity  ; — 
Therefore  Voted,  nernine  contradicente, 

1.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  friend  to  liberty  and  to 
the  British  constitution  to  use  all  legal  measures  to  prevent, 
if  possible,  the  execution  of  said  act  ;  and  would  embrace 
this  opportunity  to  express  our  warmest  gratitude  to  the 
merchants  and  other  gentlemen  of  Boston  and  other  trading 
towns  in  this  province  for  the  regular,  constitutional  and 
spirited  measures  pursued  by  them,  from  principles  truly 
noble  and  generous,  for  repelling  tyranny  and  oppression, 
and  establishing  those  rights  for  themselves  and  country 
which  they  are  entitled  to  as  men  and  as  Englishmen. 

2.  That  we  will  by  all  legal  and  constitutional  meas- 
ures in  our  power  support  and  encourage  the  non-importa- 
tion agreement  of  the  merchants;  and  that  we  will  have 
no  commercial  or  social  connexions  directly  or  indirectly 
with  those  persons  who  as  enemies  to  the  country,  divested 
of  every  public  virtue  and  even  of  humanity  itself,  regard- 
less of  and  deaf  to  the  miseries  and  calamities  which 
threaten  this  people,  preferring  their  own  private  interest 
to  the  liberty  and  freedom  of  the  community,  are  sordidly 
endeavouring  to  counteract  such  benevolent  and  salutary 
agreement. 

3.  That  we  will  encourage  frugality,  industry  and  the 
manufactures  of  this  country  ;  and  that  we  will  not  make 
use  of  any  foreign  tea,  or  suffer  it  to  be  used  in  our  fami- 
lies (case  of  sickness  only  excepted)  until  the  act  imposing 
a  duty  on  that  article  shall  be  repealed  and  a  general  im- 
portation take  place. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  57 

1774,  Feb.  3.  Resolved,  That  no  person  in  this  town, 
who  has  heretofore  been  concerned  in  vending  tea,  or  any 
other  person  may  on  any  pretence  whatever,  either  sell 
himself  or  be  in  any  way  accessary  to  selling  any  tea  of  for* 
eign  importation,  while  it  remains  burthened  with  a  duty, 
under  penalty  of  incurring  the  town's  displeasure. 

1774,  Dec*  26.  Resolved — That  it  is  the  indispensable 
duty  of  this  town  strictly  to  conform  and  firmly  adhere  to 
the  Association  of  the  grand  American  Continental  Con- 
gress, and  to  the  resolve  of  the  Provincial  Congress  of  the 
5th  of  December  thereto  relating,  and  in  order  that  this 
may  be  thoroughly  effected,  that  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town  of  the  age  of  twenty  one  years  and  upwards  subscribe 
the  following  agreement ;  viz  ; — 

We  the  subscribers  having  attentively  considered  the 
Association  of  the  grand  American  Continental  Congress 
respecting  the  non-importation,  non-exportation  and  non- 
consumption  of  goods,  &,c.  signed  by  the  Delegates  of  this 
and  the  other  Colonies  on  the  Continent,  and  the  Resolve 
of  the  Provincial  Congress  of  the  5th  of  December  thereto 
relating,  do  heartily  approve  the  same,  and  every  part  of 
them,  and  in  order  to  make  said  Association  and  Resolve 
our  own  personal  act ; — Do,  by  these  Presents,  under  the 
sacred  ties  of  virtue,  honor,  and  love  of  our  country,  firmly 
agree  and  associate  fully  and  completely  to  observe  and 
keep  all  and  every  article  and  clause  in  said  association  and 
resolve  contained,  according  to  the  true  intent,  meaning, 
and  letter  thereof,  and  will  duly  inform  and  give  notice  of  ev- 
ery evasion  or  contravention  of  either,  as  far  as  we  are  able  ; 
and  we  further  covenant,  that  if  any  person  or  persons  of 
the  age  of  twenty  one  years  and  upwards  shall  neglect  or 
refuse  to  subscribe  this  agreement  when  tendered  to  him 
or  them,  that  we  will  withdraw  all  commerce,  trade,  or  deal- 
ing from  such,  so  long  as  they  shall  continue  thus  inimical 


58  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

to  the  public  good,  and  that  their  names  shall  be  entered 
on  the  records  of  this  town,  and  published  in  the  Essex 
Gazette  as  enemies  to  their  country. 

Witness  our  hands  this  —  day  of  December,  Anno 
Domini  J  774. 

It  was  resolved  that  the  Constables  who  had  any  part 
of  the  Province  tax  in  their  hands  should  immediately  pay 
the  same  to  Henry  Gardner,  Esq.  Receiver  General  of  the 
Province,  and  that  assessments  to  be  made  shall  be  paid  in 
like  manner,  and  that  his  receipt  shall  be  an  effectual  dis- 
charge to  such  person  for  the  same. 

It  was  resolved,  that  one  quarter  part  of  all  the  training 
soldiers  of  the  town  enlist  themselves  ;  and  for  their  en- 
couragement they  are  promised  pay  for  every  half  day  they 
shall  be  exercised  in  the  art  military. 

Committees  were  chosen  to  carry  the  aforesaid  resolves 
into  effect. 

"  Whereas  the  Provincial  Congress  have  recommend- 
ed it  to  the  people,  that  there  be,  no  disorderly  behav- 
iour among  us,  unbecoming  the  character  of  Americans, 
citizens,  or  christians  ; — Therefore  Resolved — That  the 
Hon.  Samuel  Phillips  Esq.  Capt.  Peter  Osgood,  Deacon 
Samuel  Barker,  Doct.  Joseph  Osgood,  Col.  George  Abbot, 
Capt.  John  Farnum,  Capt.  Asa  Foster,  Col.  James  Frye, 
Capt.  Henry  Ingalls,  Lieut.  Nathan  Chandler,  Ens.  Jo- 
siah  Blanchard,  Ens.  Joshua  Holt,  Deacon  Joseph  Abbot, 
Mr.  Barachias  Abbot,  Capt.  John  Abbot,  and  William  Ab- 
bot, be  a  Committee  of  Safety,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
endeavor  to  maintain  peace  and  harmony,  hitherto  so  hap- 
pily continued  among  us — That  they  use  their  influence 
to  suppress  all  unwarrantable  mobs  and  riots,  and  that  they 
promote  as  much  as  in  them  lies  good  will  and  affection  to- 
wards one  another  ;  more  especially  by  their  life  and  con- 
versation, as  well  as  by  their  prudent  and   seasonable  ad- 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  59 

vice,  they  recommend  a  reformation  in  life  and  manners, 
so  much  to  be  wished  for  and  earnestly  supplicated  by  all 
good  men." 

1775,  Jan.  2d.  Col.  James  Frye,  George  Abbot  Esq. 
Col.  Samuel  Johnson,  Ens.  Joshua  Holt,  Capt.  John  Far- 
num,  Messrs.  Nehemiah  Abbot,  Moody  Bridges,  Ens. 
Stephen  Holt,  Messrs.  Asa  Abbot,  Samuel  Frye,  and  Lieut. 
John  Ingalls  were  chosen  a  Committee  of  Inspection  to  ob- 
serve that  the  Resolves  of  the  grand  American  and  Pro- 
vincial Congresses  be  strictly  adhered  to.  The  duty  of 
this  committee  was  more  particularly  pointed  out  by  in- 
structions from  the  town. 

The  instructions  to  the  Committee  comprised  the  fol- 
lowing objects  among  others.  They  were  required  to  "  use 
their  utmost  endeavours  that  the  non-consumption  agree- 
ment be  strictly  adhered  to  ; — to  encourage  the  people  to 
improve  the  breed  of  sheep  and  to  increase  their  number ; 
to  encourage  frugality,  economy  and  industry ;  and  pro- 
mote agriculture,  arts  and  manufactures  ; — and  discounte- 
nance and  discourage  every  species  of  extravagance  and 
dissipation  ;  and  that  they  recommend  to  the  people  of  the 
town,  that  they,  on  the  death  of  any  near  relations,  go  into 
no  further  mourning  dress,  than  a  black  crape  or  ribbon 
on  the  arm  or  hat  for  men,  and  a  black  ribbon  or  necklace 
for  women ; — that  said  Committee  inspect  the  merchants 
and  traders  in  this  town,  and  give  information  to  the  public 
of  all  such  persons  as  shall  violate  the  Ninth  Article  of  the 
Association  by  advancing  the  price  of  their  goods  ; — that 
they  apply  to  all  the  merchants  and  traders  in  this  town, 
immediately  after  the  tenth  day  of  October  next,  and  take 
a  full  inventory  of  all  the  goods,  wares  and  merchandize 
which  shall  then  be  in  their  hands,  and  shall  require  them 
to  offer  no  more  of  those  goods  for  sale  ;  and  if  any  mer- 
chant,  trader  or  others  shall  refuse  to  have  an  inventory 


60  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

taken,  or  shall  offer  for  sale  after  the  tenth  of  October 
aforesaid  any  such  goods,  wares  or  merchandize,  the  Com- 
mittee is  directed  to  take  the  goods  into  their  possession  at 
the  risque  of  the  proper  owners,  until  the  repeal  of  the 
Acts  referred  to,  and  publish  the  names  of  such  refractory 
merchants  or  traders,  that  they  may  meet  with  the  merits  of 
enemies  to  their  country  ;  and  the  town  doth  hereby  en- 
gage to  assist  and  support  said  Committee  in  the  discharge 
of  their  trust ; — that  the  Committee  inspect  the  conduct  of 
every  person  in  the  town  touching  the  aforesaid  Association, 
that  if  any  person  or  persons  shall  wilfully  violate  said  As- 
sociation, that  the  majority  of  said  Committee  cause  the 
name  of  such  person  or  persons  forthwith  to  be  published 
in  the  Gazette,  to  the  end  that  all  such  foes  to  the  rights  of 
British  America  may  be  publicly  known; — And  it  is  fur- 
ther recommended  to  said  Committee  that  they  act  in  ev- 
ery respect  as  it  shall  appear  to  them  to  be  their  duty  as  a 
Committee  of  inspection,  whose  duty  is  more  fully  pointed 
out  in  the  Continental  Association  and  Provincial  Re- 
solves." 

1775,  May  29.  The  town  voted  that  a  watch  should  be 
kept  in  the  town  ;  and  the  sentinels  were  required  to  ques- 
tion every  person  they  perceived  walking  the  streets  or 
elsewhere  after  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening,  concerning 
their  business;  and  if  any  person  being  called  on,  neglect 
or  refuse  to  reply,  they  shall  with  a  strong  voice  demand 
them  on  their  peril  by  their  authority  as  a  guard,  to  stop  ; — 
if  they  shall  persist,  the  sentinel  shall  immediately  fire. 
And  if  any  being  stopped,  do  not  give  of  himself  a  satisfac- 
tory account,  the  sentinel  shall  by  force,  if  necessary,  de- 
tain and  confine  him  till  he  may  be  had  before  one  or  more 
Justices  of  the  town,  or  any  of  the  aforementioned  Com- 
mittee for  further  examination. 

1775,  December    12th,  Col.  Samuel  Johnson,  Messrs. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  61 

Philemon  Chandler,  Moody  Bridges,  Nehemiah  Abbot,  and 
Capt.  John  Farnuin  were  chosen  a  committee  of  corres- 
pondence for  said  town. 

1776,  March  8.  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips  Esq.  Capt.  Josh- 
ua Holt,  Capt.  Asa  Foster,  Mr.  Moses  Abbot  Capt.  Henry 
Ingalls,  Mr.  Nehemiah  Abbot,  Mr.  Stephen  Holt,  Mr.  Dan- 
iel Poor,  and  Lieut.  Benjamin  Poor — a  Committee  of  Cor- 
respondence, Inspection,  and  Safety. 

1776,  June  12.  The  question  being  put — whether, 
should  the  Honorable  Congress,  for  the  safety  of  the  Colo- 
nies, declare  them  independent  of  the  kingdom  of  Great 
Britain,  you  will  solemnly  engage  with  your  lives  and  for- 
tunes to  support  them  in  the  measure. — It  passed  in  the  af- 
firmative, unanimously. 

1776,  October  3.  Voted,  That  it  is  the  consent  of  the 
inhabitants  of  this  town  now  assembled,  that  the  present 
House  of  Representatives  of  this  state  of  Massachusetts 
Bay  in  New  England,  together  with  the  Council,  if  they 
consent  in  one  body  with  the  House,  and  by  equal  voice, 
should  consult,  agree  on,  and  enact  such  a  Constitution 
and  form  of  government  for  this  State,  as  the  said  House  of 
Representatives  and  Council  on  the  fullest  and  most  mature 
deliberation  shall  judge  will  most  conduce  to  the  safety, 
peace  and  happiness  of  this  State,  in  all  after  successions 
and  generations,  provided  said  Constitution  and  form  of 
Government  be  made  public  for  the  inspection,  approbation, 
amendment,  or  disapprobation  of  the  inhabitants  before  the 
ratification  thereof  by  the  Assembly. 

1777,  June  2.  Voted— That  Ens.  Stephen  Holt,  Mr. 
Philemon  Chandler,  Capt.  Isaac  Osgood,  Lt.  Samuel  Phil- 
lips, Deac.  Samuel  Barker,  Capt.  Henry  Ingalls,  and  Lt. 
John  Adams  be  a  Committee  to  prosecute  all  breaches  of 
an  Act  to  prevent  monopoly  and  oppression  ;  and  also  all 
breaches  of  an  Act  in  addition  to  said  act,  which  shall  come 

6 


62  „  HISTORY    OP    ANDOVKR. 

to  their  knowledge,  or  whereof  they  shall   receive  informa- 
tion. 

1777,  November  18.  Voted,  that  the  town  will  supply 
the  families  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  private 
soldiers,  belonging  to  this  town,  that  are  engaged  in  the 
continental  army  with  the  necessaries  of  life  that  their  cir- 
cumstances may  require,  agreeable  to  a  Resolve  of  the  Gen- 
eral Court. 

1778,  Jan.  29.  Voted,  that  the  Representatives  of  the 
town  use  their  influence  that  the  plan  of  confederation  and 
perpetual  Union  between  the  United  States  of  America 
proposed  by  Congress  be  ratified  and  confirmed. 

1778,  Feb.  16.  Voted  to  procure  for  each  soldier  in  the 
continental  army  doing  duty  for  this  town,  one  pair  of 
shirts,  two  pair  of  stockings,  one  pair  of  shoes,  and  a  blank- 
et.— A  committee  was  chosen  to  procure  and  forward  the 
clothing,  and  the  selectmen  were  directed  to  hire  money 
on  the  credit  of  the  town  for  the  use  of  the  committee. 

1779,  July  2.  Samuel  Osgood  Esq.  Mr.  Samuel  Phillips 
jr.  Mr.  John  Farnum  jr.  and  Mr.  Zebadiah  Abbot  were  elec- 
ted Delegates  to  attend  at  the  Convention  to  be  holden  at 
Cambridge  on  the  —  September  next,  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  a  Constitution  of  Government. 

1780,  May  15.  The  town,  after  due  deliberation  and 
debate,  adopted  with  almost  entire  unanimity,  the  form  of 
government  proposed  by  the  Convention. 

1781,  July.  The  meetings  of  the  town  for  business  pre- 
vious to  the  following  vote  were  holden  in  the  North  Parish 
meeting  house. 

Voted — That  the  three  annual  meetings  of  March, 
April,  and  May,  be  called  for  the  future  alternately  in  the 
two  meeting  houses  in  said  town ; — and  all  other  occasion- 
al meetings  for  the  purpose  of  transacting  public  business, 
be  held  alternately  at  said  meeting  houses,  without  regard 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  63 

to  the  aforesaid  three  annual  meetings. — Previous  to  1781, 
Town  meetings  for  business  were  holden  in  the  north  meet- 
ing house. 

1784,  Voted  that  the  town  meetings  shall  be  statedly 
held  the  present  year  at  the  south  meeting-house  in  said 
town,  and  then  one  year  at  the  north  meeting  house,  and 
so  successively  during  the  pleasure  of  the  town. 

During  the  revolutionary  war,  town  meetings  were  fre- 
quently holden  to  transact  very  important  and  interesting 
business,  and  remarkable  union  and  harmony  were  main- 
tained through  the  whole.  Many  difficulties  and  embar- 
rassments occurred,  such  as  raising  men,  supplying  them 
and  their  families  with  necessaries,  the  depreciation  of  the 
paper  money,  &c.  which  called  forth  the  resources  and  ef- 
forts of  the  town.  The  agents  for  transacting  business  de- 
served and  possessed  the  confidence  of  the  people  ;  and  the 
ardour  and  firmness  with  which  all  united,  rendered  their 
burdens  tolerable. 

1785,  Oct.  17 — Whereas  it  has  been  said,  that  a  neigh- 
bering  town  has  lately  by  a  public  vote  expressed  a  dispo- 
sition for  a  paper  currency  ; — Voted,  that  Joshua  Holt  Esq. 
be  and  he  is  hereby  instructed  in  case  any  motion  shall  be 
made  in  the  General  Court  for  introducing  a' paper  medi- 
um, vigorously  and  perseveringly  to  oppose  the  same,  as 
being  a  measure  calculated,  in  our  opinion,  to  promote  idle- 
ness, dissipation  and  dishonesty,  and  by  destroying  the  mor- 
als of  the  people,  to  bring  on  the  ruin  of  the  Commonwealth. 

When  the  State  was  embarrassed  with  discontent  and 
intestine  commotion,  the  town  preserved  order  and  peace, 
by  calmly  deliberating  on  the  situation  of  the  Common- 
wealth, inquiring  into  the  ground  of  complaints,  and  seek- 
ing relief  in  a  regular  way  from  evils  supposed  to  exist. 
This  appears  from  the  following  proceedings. 

1786,  Sept.   25.    Voted,— Hon.    Samuel    Phillips    Esq. 


64  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Capt.  Peter  Osgood,  Mr.  Moody  Bridges,  Mr.  Philemon 
Chandler,  Mr.  Nehemiah  Abbot,  Capt.  Moses  Abbot,  Capt. 
John  Abbot  jr.  Mr.  Samuel  Chickering  jr.  Lt.  Benjamin 
Poor,  Capt.  Jonathan  Abbot,  Lt.  Oliver  Peabody,  Lt.  John 
Ingalls,  and  Col.  Samuel  Johnson,  be  a  committee  to  con- 
sult and  agree  upon  some  measures  which  may  promote  the 
general  welfare,  and  state  what  may,  upon  due  delibera- 
tion, appear  to  be  grievances.  The  committee  reported  as 
follows; — It  is  the  duty  of  the  free  and  virtuous  people  of 
this  Commonwealth  at  all  times  to  keep  a  watchful  eye 
against  all  encroachments  upon  their  dear  bought  rights 
and  privileges ;  that  they  carefully  guard  against  all  griev- 
ous acts  of  the  Legislature  on  the  one  hand  ;  and  against 
all  contentions  and  unconstitutional  opposition  to  Govern- 
ment on  the  other. 

We  esteem  it  our  duty,  at  the  present  day,  to  bear  our 
explicit  testimony  against  all  riotous  and  illegal  proceed- 
ings ;  and  against  all  hostile  attempts  and  menaces  against 
law,  justice,  and  good  government,  and  to  declare  our  read- 
iness to  exert  ourselves  in  support  of  government  and  the 
excellent  Constitution  of  this  Commonwealth.  But  at  the 
same  time  we  suppose  there  are  many  things  complained  of 
which  ought  to  be  remedied  ;  and  it  is  our  desire  that  eve- 
ry grievance  may  be  in  a  constitutional  way  redressed. 
We  would  take  more  particular  notice  of  these  following  ; 
viz. 

1.  We  conceive  that  the  method  commonly  practised 
in  our  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  for  recovering  debts,  is  at- 
tended with  great  and  needless  expense  ;  though  the  diffi- 
culty is  in  part  remedied  by  what  is  called  the  Confession 
Act ;  yet  the  creditor  is  not  obliged  to  pursue  that  method  ; 
the  former  is  generally  practised. 

2.  The  delinquencies  of  many  towns  in  the  payments 
of  their  public  taxes,  more  especially  in  the  western  part  of 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  65 

the  state,  as  appears  by  the  Treasurer's  accounts,  we  con- 
ceive is  one  great  cause  of  the  disturbances  which  have 
arisen  in  those  parts.  These  delinquencies  not  only  injure 
the  Government  in  general,  but  lay  an  additional  burthen 
on  the  Commonwealth,  which  we  view  as  just  matter  of 
complaint. 

o.  We  apprehend  the  method  of  paying  the  Represen- 
tatives out  of  the  public  Treasury  lays  an  unequal  burden 
on  many  parts  of  the  State,  which  might  be  alleviated  by 
each  town  paying  their  own  Representatives  for  their  ser- 
vices out  of  their  own  treasuries. 

4.  As  prudence  and  economy  ever  become  a  virtuous 
people,  so  are  they  peculiarly  necessary  in  these  infant. 
States.  We  are  of  opinion  therefore,  that  the  public  officers 
and  their  respective  salaries  ought  to  be  thoroughly  looked 
into  ;  their  pay  and  services  duly  compared  and  properly 
estimated  ;  that  all  superfluous  offices  be  abolished  ;  and 
the  salaries  of  those  whose  services  are  inadequate  to  their 
pay  be  lowered,  and  that  every  unnecessary  expense  of 
government  and  burden  on  the  people  be  removed. 

5.  We  conceive  it  matter  of  just  complaint  that  the  ac- 
counts of  the  United  States  with  this  Commonwealth  are 
not  adjusted. 

6.  It  is  our  opinion  that  a  removal  of  the  General  Court 
out  of  the  town  of  Boston  would  greatly  lessen  the  expense 
of  Government. 

Voted,  that  the  foregoing  report  be  accepted  by  the 
town,  and  transmitted  to  Joshua  Holt  Esq.  as  the  sentiment 
of  the  town,  requesting  his  influence  in  the  General  Court, 
that  the  same  may  be  remedied. 

1787,  Jan.  7.   Voted,  that  the  account   of  the  expendi- 
ture of  the  public  monies,  therein  exhibited   to   the   people 
of  this  our   Commonwealth   by  the  General   Court,   is  ex- 
plicit and  fully  satisfactory. 
6* 


66 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


Voted,  that  the  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips  Esq.  Capt.  Peter 
Osgood,  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips  jr.  Esq.  Joshua  Holt  Esq. 
Mr.  Moody  Bridges,  Mr.  Nehemiah  Abbot,  Lieut.  John 
Ingalls,  Mr.  John  Farnum,  Capt.  John  Abbot  jr.  be  a  Com- 
mittee to  consider  what  measures  are  proper  to  be  adopted 
for  promoting  industry  and  economy,  and  those  other  vir- 
tues, which  are  represented  by  the  Legislature  in  their 
address  to  the  people,  as  necessary  to  form  the  basis  of  na- 
tional happiness. 

The  Committee  made  report,  which  bring  several  times 
read,  and  maturely  considered,  was  put  to  vote  paragraph 
1  y  paragraph,  as  follows,  and  the  same  was  accepted  ;  viz. 

"  That  in  their  opinion,  a  deviation  from  the  principles 
and  practice  of  industry  and  economy  has  been  the  great 
cause  of  the  scarcity  of  specie,  the  delinquency  in  the  pay- 
ment of  taxes,  and  in  the  discharge  of  private  debts  ;  which 
delinquency  naturally  tends  to  mar  the  reputation  and  des- 
troy the  energy  of  Government,  and  to  produce  impa- 
tience in  creditors,  as  well  as  uneasiness  and  complaint  in 
debtors  ;  and  that  hence  arises  the  concern  and  disqui- 
etude of  many  in  the  community. — Your  Committee  there- 
fore consider  this  deviation  as  a  fruitful  parent  of  the  evils 
we  now  suffer,  and  threatening  us  with  speedy  and  com- 
plete ruin,  unless  prevented  by  a  thorough  reform.  We 
therefore  consider  it  of  the  highest  importance  to  recur  to 
those  principles  from  which  we  have  declined,  and  to  ex- 
ert ourselves  for  the  encouragement  of  the  manufactures 
of  our  own  country  in  every  proper  way,  which  will  consist 
with  the  business  which  ought  to  engage  our  first  attention, 
viz.  the  cultivation  of  our  lands  ;  and  for  this  purpose  the 
following  resolve  is  proposed  to  be  adopted  by  the  town. 

"  Whereas  the  Legislature  have  warned  this  people  of 
being  in  the  precise  channel,  in  which  the  liberties  of 
States  have  been  generally  swallowed  up ;  and  the  warn- 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  67 

ing,  solemn  as  it  is,  appears  to  be  founded  in  the  highest 
reason  ; — and  as  it  is  a  part  of  sound  wisdom  to  convert  mis- 
fortunes and  calamities  into  the  means  of  ad  vantage,  in  cheer- 
ful imitation  of  the  patriotic  example  set  us  by  the  first 
Magistrate  of  the  Commonwealth,  his  Council,  and  the 
Legislature  of  the  State  :  We  hereby  resolve  to  refrain 
from,  and  as  far  as  in  our  power  '  to  prevent  the  exces- 
sive use  and  consumption  of  articles  of  foreign  manufac- 
ture, especially  articles  of  luxury  and  extravagance  ;  and 
that  we  will  exert  our  best  endeavours  for  the  promotion  of 
industry  and  our  own  manufactures.' 

"  And  in  particular,  that  we  will  exert  ourselves  to  in- 
crease our  wool  and  flax  as  far  as  is  practicable.  That 
we  will  as  far  as  may  be  avoid  kdling  our  sheep,  or  selling 
them  for  slaughter,  after  shearing  time,  till  the  wool  be 
serviceable  for  clothing  :  And  that  we  will  exert  ourselves 
to  promote  and  encourage  the  manufactures  of  wool  and 
flax  and  other  raw  materials  into  such  articles  as  shall  be 
useful  in  the  community. 

M  And  the  inhabitants  of  the  town,  of  every  description, 
but  heads  of  families  in  particular,  are  hereby  solicited,  as 
they  would  falsify  the  predictions  and  disappoint  the  hopes 
of  those  who  are  inimical  to  our  Independence  and  hap- 
piness;  as  they  would  gratify  the  anxious  wishes  of  our  best 
friends  and  the  friends  of  freedom  in  general ; — as  they 
regard  the  political  well  being  of  themselves  and  poster- 
ity ; — as  they  hold  precious  the  memory  of  the  heroes  and 
patriots,  and  of  our  own  kindred  who  have  sacrificed  their 
lives  that  we  may  enjoy  the  fruits  of  virtuous  freedom  ; — to 
unite  in  this  resolution,  and  to  exert  their  utmost  influence, 
in  every  proper  way,  to  promote  the  important  design  of 
it.  ^ 

"  And  upon  this  occasion,  we  apply  ourselves  to  the  good 
sense  and   virtuous  dispositions  of  the  female  sex,  to  the 


68  HISTOKY  OF  ANDUVEK. 

younger  as  well  as  the  elder  that  they  would  by  their  en* 
gaging  examples,  as  well  as  in  other  proper  ways,  devote 
that  power  of  influence,  with  which  nature  hath  endowed 
them,  to  the  purpose  of  encouraging  every  species  of  econ- 
omy in  living,  and  particularly,  that  neat  plainness  and 
simplicity  in  dress,  which  are  among  the  best  tokens  of  a 
good  mind,  and  which  seldom  fail  to  command  the  esteem 
and  love  of  the  virtuous  and  wise  ;  giving  preference  to 
that  clothing,  which  is  produced  from  our  own  flocks,  and 
from  our  own  fields. 

"  Your  Committee,  upon  considering  the  principal  ob- 
stacles that  lie  in  the  way  of  the  desired  reform,  are  clear- 
ly of  opinion,  that  an  undue  use  of  spirituous  liquors  has  a 
powerful  influence  to  enervate  the  body,  to  enfeeble  the 
mind,  and  to  promote  dissipation,  idleness  and  extravagance, 
which  are  never  failing  causes  of  poverty  and  ruin.  They 
therefore  consider  it  of  the  highest  importance  to  refrain 
from  ourselves,  and  to  discountenance  in  others,  the  undue 
use  of  spirituous  liquors  of  all  kinds. 

"  Your  Committee  further  recommend  to  the  town  to  take 
it  under  consideration,  whether  some  other  measures  than 
those  which  have  heretofore  been  practised,  may  not  be 
adopted  for  the  support  and  employment  of  the  poor,  which 
may  be  productive  of  advantage  to  them,  and  diminish  the 
charge  to  which  the  town  is  subjected  for  that  purpose." 

The  town  was  nearly  equally  divided  respecting  the  ex- 
pediency of  ratifying  the  federal  Constitution.  Three  del- 
egates, who  had  expressed  their  dissatisfaction  with  the 
Constitution,  were  chosen  to  attend  the  Convention.  While 
the  Convention  was  in  session,  a  tov\  n  meeting  was  called, 
in  which  the  question  was  put, — Whether  it  is  the  opinion 
of  the  town,  that  it  be  expedient,  all  circumstances  consid- 
ered, that  the  Federal  Constitution,  now  under  considera- 
tion of  the  Convention  now  setting  in  Boston,   be   adopted 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  69 

as  it  now  stands,  in  the  affirmative  115 — in  the  negative 
124.  When  the  question  was  decided  by  the  Convention, 
Mr.  Symmes,  one  of  the  Delegates  from  the  town,  voted  in 
favour  of  its  adoption. 

The  disagreement  on  this  subject  was  the  occasion  of 
a  lasting  division  in  the  town.  Those  in  favour  of  the 
Constitution  were  called  federalists,  and  those  opposed  to  it 
were  denominated  antifederalists.  Under  these  or  other 
similar  names,  the  town  has  been  divided  in  politics  and  in 
almost  all  their  proceedings,  till  within  a  few  years  these 
party  names  and  feelings  have  become  nearly  extinct. 

1794,  Sept.  Voted,  that  John  Farnum  Esq.  and  Capt. 
Moses  Abbot,  surveyors,  take  an  accurate  plan  of  the  town5 
to  carry  into  effect  a  resolve  of  the  General  Court  of  June 
last. 

1796,  May  2.  The  first  record  of  the  election  of  Rep- 
resentative on  the  town  book,  at  which  time  Joshua  Holt 
Esq.  was  chosen. 

A  memorial  to  the  Honorable  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States,  "  earnestly  requesting  that  provision 
maybe  made  for  the  complete  fulfilment  of  the  treaty"  with 
Great  Britain  was  approved  in  town  meeting,  and  voted  to 
be  forwarded  by  the  town  clerk  when  signed,  to  Hon.  The- 
ophilus  Bradbury,  or  some  other  Representative  from  this 
Commonwealth,  to  be  presented; — 231  votes  for  it,  and  9 
against  it. 

1797,  May  8.  Voted  to  recommend  to  the  inhabitants 
of  the  town  to  form  themselves  into  voluntary  associations 
for  the  purpose  of  detecting  thefts  that  may  be  committed 
in  the  town. 

Voted,  that  any  person  who  shall  detect  a  thief  that 
shall  steal  any  of  the  town's  property,  or  the  property  of 
any  individual  of  the  town,  provided  the  thief  shall  be 
prosecuted  to  conviction,  shall  receive  a  reward,  to  be  paid 


70  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

out  of  the  town  treasury,  of  the  sum  often  dollars,  provided 
the  property  thus  stolen  shall  amount  to  that  value  ;  and 
when  the  property  stolen  shall  not  amount  to  ten  dol- 
lars, the  reward  shall  be  equal  to  the  one  half  of  the  goods 
stolen. 

Voted,  That  the  selectmen  be  specially  requested  to 
carry  into  full  and  prompt  execution  the  laws  against  disor- 
derly and  intemperate  persons  ;  and  the  laws  which  re- 
spect the  selling  of  spirituous  liquors. 

1798,  May  14.  Voted  the  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips,  Mr. 
Moody  Bridges,  Doct.  Thomas  Kittredge,  Joshua  Holt  Esq. 
Doct.  George  Osgood  a  Committee  to  prepare   an   address 

to  the   President  of    the  United    States. After    a  short 

adjournment  the  Committee  made  the  following  Report ; 
viz. 

"  To  the  President  of  the  United  States, 

"  Sir,  We,  the  freeholders  and  other  inhabitants  of  the 
town  of  Andover,  in  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts, 
beg  leave  to  join  the  multitude  of  our  fellow  citizens  in  pre- 
senting you  our  warmest  gratitude,  for  that  wisdom,  vigi- 
lance, integrity,  and  patriotism,  which  have  marked  your 
administration  ;  and  in  particular,  for  your  persevering  so- 
licitude to  preserve  to  these  States  the  blessings  of  peace 
and  neutrality,  upon  such  terms  as  would  consist  with  the 
preservation  of  our  essential  rights  and  interests. 

"  Although  repeated  attempts  to  accommodate  subsisting 
differences  with  the  French  Republic  have  not  proJuced 
the  effect  which  might  have  been  reasonably  expected,  they 
may  prove  essential  means  of  our  political  salvation,  by  un- 
folding the  designs  and  enormous  demands  of  that  govern- 
ment, which  we  have  been  unwilling  to  conclude  our  ene- 
my.— This  disclosure  must  produce  universal  conviction, 
that  no  hope  of  safety  is  left  for  us  without  our  own  united, 
virtuous  exertion. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  TOWN.  71 

"  We  therefore  again  thank  you,  Sir,  for  your  solemn  and 
repeated  calls  on  the  proper  departments  to  make  the  most 
speedy  and  effectual  provision  against  the  worst  events  ;  — 
for  your  firm  resolution  that  you  will  never  surrender  the 
independence  or  essential  interests  of  the  country  ; — and 
for  summoning  the  people  to  unite  with  you  in  supplicating 
the  direction  and  blessing  of  that  Almighty  Being,  under 
whose  patronage,  it  not  criminal  ourselves,  we  have  nothing 
to  fear  from  any  power  on  earth. — In  the  same  resolution, 
we  hold  it  to  be  our  duty,  with  that  of  every  American, 
cordially  to  concur. 

"  Every  attempt  to  detach  us  from  our  Government,  which 
is  the  work  of  our  own  hands,  and  from  whence  we  have 
already  derived  blessings  far  surpassing  the  highest  ex- 
pectations of  its  warmest  admirers, — we  repel  with  indig- 
nation. 

44  To  abandon  such  a  Government,  and  the  invaluable 
privileges  civil  and  religious  enjoyed  under  it,  from  any  con- 
siderations whatever,  would  be  acting  a  part  unworthy  the 
descendants  of  our  renowned  ancestors,  bring  indelible  in- 
famy on  ourselves, — be  an  act  of  treachery  to  our  posterity, 
and  betray  the  basest  ingratitude  to,  and  distrust  of  that 
Supreme  Being,  who  gave  us  these  blessings. 

With  an  humble  reliance  therefore  on  this  Being,  whom 
we  do,  and  ever  will  acknowledge,  as  the  Arbiter  of  na- 
tions; and  confiding  in  the  wisdom,  patriotism  and  firmness 
of  the  constituted  authorities  of  our  country,  we  are  deter- 
mined, at  every  hazard,  to  support  those  measures  which 
they  shall  prescribe  for  the  defence  of  these  blessings." 

At  a  legal  and  very  full  meeting  of  the  freeholders  and 
other  qualified  voters  of  the  town  of  Andover,  specially 
warned  for  the  purpose,  and  holden  on  Monday  the  J4th  of 
May,  1798 — Voted  unanimously,  that  the  foregoing  address 
be  accepted  and  forwarded  by  the  town   clerk   to  the  Rep- 


72  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

resentative  of  this  district  in  Congress,  to  be  by  him  presen* 
ted  to  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  answer  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  the 
address  of  the  town  of  Andover. 

"  To  the  Freeholders  and  other  inhabitants  of  the  town 
of  Andover,  in  the  state  of  Massachusetts — 

"Gentlemen, — Your  address  unanimously  adopted  at  a 
legal  and  very  full  meeting,  has  been  presented  to  me  by 
your  Representative  in  Congress,  Mr.  Bartlett,  and  receiv- 
ed with  great  pleasure.  When  you  acknowledge  in  my  ad- 
ministration, wisdom,  vigilance,  integrity,  patriotism,  and 
persevering  solicitude  to  preserve  to  these  States,  the 
blessings  of  peace  and  neutrality,  upon  such  terms  as  would 
consist  with  the  preservation  of  our  essential  rights  and  in- 
terests, you  command  my  sincere  gratitude. 

"  The  unfriendly  designs  and  unreasonable  demands  of 
that  Government,  whom  we  have  been  unwilling  to  con- 
clude our  enemy,  have  been  long  suspected  by  many,  upon 
very  probable  grounds ;  but  never  so  clearly  avowed  and 
demonstrated  as  of  late.  May  the  discovery  prove  the  es- 
sential means  of  our  political  salvation.  The  conviction 
appears  now  to  be  nearly  universal,  that  no  hope  of  safety  is 
left  for  us,  without  our  own  virtuous  exertions. 

44  The  indignation  with  which  you  repel  every  attempt 
to  detach  you  from  that  government,  which  is  the  work  of 
your  own  hands,  and  from  whence  you  have  derived  bless- 
ings far  surpassing  the  highest  expectations  of  its  warmest 
admirers;  and  in  short,  all  the  sentiments  of  this  excellent 
address,  do  you  great  honour. 

JOHN  ADAMS." 

Philadelphia,  May  25,  1798. 


CHAP.  V. 

ECCLESIASTICAL,  AND  PAROCHIAL 
AFFAIRS. 

The  town  made  early  provisions  for  the  stated  and  reg- 
ular worship  of  God,  and   for  moral   and   religious   instruc- 
tion on  the  Sabbath.     Mr.  Woodbridge   was  an   inhabitant 
a  short  time  after  the  settlement  was   begun,  if  he  did  not 
go  there  with  the  first  adventurers.    "  1604  September  19,    V 
two  churches,"  says  Hubbard,  "  were  appointed  to  be  gath- 
ered, the  one  at  Haverhill,    the  other  at  Andover,  both  on 
Merrimack  river.     They  had  given   notice  thereof  to   the  *  .      . 
magistrates  and   ministers  of  the  neighbouring  chuTcrTes,  ^  u  -.^a*, 
as  the  mannerTs  with  them  in  New  England.     The   meet-  <^t  iu^L 
ing  of  the  assembly  was  to  be  at  that  time  at  Rowley;  the^Ca/"n  y* 
forementioned  plantations,  being   but  newly  erected,  were^^' 
not  capable  to  entertain  them  that  were  likely  to  be  gather-  £\  ^  ^ 
ed  together  on  that  occasion.     But  when  they  were  assem-  cuCjk.Ji-i 
bled,  most  of  those  who  were  to  join  together  in  church  fel-     \i\Jk  H  '■ 
lowship,  at  that  time,  refused  to   make  confession  of  their 
faith  and  repentance,  because,   as  was  said,   they  declare^ 
it  openly  before  in  other  churches,   upon  their  admission 
into  them.     Whereupon  the   messengers  of  the   churches 
not  being  satisfied,  the  assembly  brake  up,  before  they  had 
accomplished  what  they  intended."     In  this  transaction,  it 
may  be  seen,  how  highly  they  valued  their  christian  liberty, 
and  how  apprehensive  they  were  of  the  least  encroachment, 
or  imposition. 

"  In  24  October  1645,  Messengers  of  churches  met  to- 
7 


74  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

gether  again,  when  such  satisfaction  was  given,  that  Mr. 
John  Ward  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of  Haverhill, 
on  the  north  side  of  said  Merrimack,  and  Mr.  John  Wood- 
bridge  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of  Andover,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  same."*  These  two  churches  were 
the  23d  and  24th  organized  in  Massachusetts. 

Ten  male  members,  including  the  pastor,  composed  the 
church  gathered  at  this  time  ;  viz.  Mr.  John  Woodbridge 
teacher,  John  Osgood,  Robert  Barnard,  John  Frye,  Nicho- 
las Holt,  Richard  Barker,  Joseph  Parker,  Nathan  Parker, 
Richard  Blake,  Edmond  Faulkner.  To  these  a  number  of 
others  were  soon  added.  John  Barnard  was  probably  the 
first  child  baptized  in  Andover. 

Mr.  Woodbridge,  in  1647,  resigned  his  charge  and  re- 
turned to  England,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Francis 
Dane,  who  took  charge  of  the  Society.  Both  of  these  gen- 
tlemen were  born  in  England  ;  neither  of  them  received 
the  honors  of  a  university  there ;  but  their  education  for 
the  ministry  was  completed  in  this  country. 

The  first  meeting  house  was  built  near  the  old  burying 
ground,  unless  there  was  a  temporary  one,  of  which  we 
have  no  account,  and  was  furnished  with  a  bell,  which  was 
used  till  about  the  year  1755.  It  cannot  now  be  ascertain- 
ed when  this  house  was  built,  what  were  its  dimensions,  or 
how  the  bell  was  obtained.  It  had  two  galleries,  one  above 
the  other,  and  stood  till  1711,  when  a  new  one  was  erect- 
ed. 

From  the  town  being  early  and  constantly  supplied  with 
regular  religious  instruction,  and  from  the  ability  of  the 
people  to  maintain  a  religious  teacher,  it  may  be  concluded 
that  the  settlement  was  prosperous,  and  that  there  were 
some  men  of  wealth,  who  were  able  and  willing  to  sustain 
the  burdens  incident  to  a  new  town.     It  also  appears,  that 

*  Hubbard. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  75 

they  steadily  kept  in  view,  the  object  for  which  they  left 
the  mother  country,  the  enjoyment  of  the  worship  of  God 
and  of  religious  ordinances,  according  to  their  understand- 
ing and  the  dictates  of  conscience. 

Mr.  Dane's  ministry  was  long  and  useful.  No  records 
are  transmitted  respecting  the  church.  From  the  town 
book,  it  appears  that  he  was  respected,  that  harmony  pre- 
vailed, that  the  worship  and  ordinances  of  religion  were 
well  attended.  He  died  17  Feb.  1697,  in  the  82d  year  of 
his  age,  having  been  an  officer  in  the  church  48  years.* 

In  168*2,  Jan.  13,  "  It  was  universally  voted,  that  the 
Committee  abovesaid,  should  give  Mr.  Barnard  a  call  to  set- 
tle here  in  Andover,  for  the  carrying  on  of  the  work  of  the 
ministry  amongst  us."  In  March  following  ;  "  Voted  and 
passed,  that  the  town  shall  give  Mr.  Barnard  fifty  pounds 
per  annum,  the  one  quarter  of  it  in  money,  the  use  of  the 
parsonage,  and  all  his  firewood,  during  the  time  Mr.  Dane 
shall  carry  on  part  of  the  work  ;  then  Mr.  B.  shall  have 
eighty  pounds  per  annum,  one  quarter  part  of  it  in  money, 
together  with  the  use  of  the  parsonage,  and  all  his  firewood, 
during  the  time  he  shall  carry  on  the  whole  work  of  the 
ministry.  "*  In  1683,  "Voted  and  passed,  that  five  pounds 
of  Mr.  Dane's  salary  shall  be  paid  in  silver,  during  his  abode 
in  the  ministry."  Before  this  time,  one  half  of  his  salary 
was  paid  in  wheat,  and  the  other  half  in  Indian  corn,  at  the 
current  price.  Money  is  always  scarce  in  new  settlements. 
The  settlers  have  little  to  sell,  and  much  to  buy. 

Mr.  "Barnard  was  colleague  with  Mr.  Dane  about  fifteen 
years,  with  whom  harmony  was  maintained,  and  the  inter- 
est of  Christianity  and  of  the  town  was  promoted.  His 
ministry  to  the  whole  town  was  about  twenty  eight  years, 
and  was  satisfactory  and  successful. 

About  the  year  1707,  the  parsonage  house  was  destroy- 

*  Town  Records. 


76 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


ed  by  fire,  and  the  town  provided  a  house  for  Mr.  B.  and 
fortified  it  against  the  Indians.  After  a  few  years,  the  town 
made  a  grant  to  Mr.  B.  to  e  able  him  to  procure  a  house 
for  himself.  There  has  been  no  parsonage  house  since  in 
the  North  parish. 

In  1707,  it  was  thought  necessary  to  build  a  new  meet- 
ing house  ;  but  there  was  much  disagreement  concerning 
the  place  where  it  should  be  erected.  There  were  several 
town  meetings  on  the  subject  ;  and  after  much  discussion 
and  examination,  a  petition  was  sent  to  the  General  Court,  for 
a  committee  to  determine  the  place.  Upon  examination  by 
the  Court's  committee,  the  town  was  judged  able  to  sup- 
port two  ministers;  and  in  May  1709,  the  town,  by  an  act 
of  the  General  Court,  was  divided  into  two  parishes.  The 
South  parish  was  required  to  build  a  meeting  house  and  a 
parsonage  house  ;  and  the  town  to  set  off  parsonage  land 
from  the  common  land  equal  to  the  North  Parish  ;  and  Mr. 
Barnard  had  his  election  of  the  parishes.  He  remained  in 
the  North  Parish. 

The  North  Parish,  Oct.  1710,  Voted  to  build  a  new 
meeting  house,  50  feet  long,  45  feet  wide,  and  24  feet  be- 
tween joints  ;  and  that  Samuel  Snow  of  Woburn  be  the 
chief  workman. 

1711.  The  new  meeting  house  was  raised  and  finished, 
so  as  to  be  occupied  at  the  close  of  the  year.  It  stood  near 
the  place  of  the  present  house. — Mr.  Barnard  proposed  that 
his  salary  be  paid  in  money  £42  instead  of  £60  in  corn, 
which  makes  the  price  of  corn  2s.  1  ±d.  a  bushel ;  his  pro- 
posal was  accepted.  1713.  Difficulty,  as  is  usual,  attend- 
ed   the  seating  of  the  meeting  house. 

1714.  Seven  families  from  Haverhill  had  seats  in  the 
meeting  house  and  contributed  to  the  support  of  the  minis- 
ter. 

Mr.  Barnard   continued  to  minister   with  great  accep- 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  77 

tance  and  success  till  Oct.  1718,  when  he  died  suddenly, 
much  lamented.  Oct.  20th  was  appointed  a  day  of  humil- 
iation and  prayer,  on  account  of  the  sudden  death  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Barnard,  and  of  being  destitute.* 

Nov.  3.  Granted  c£24,  10s,  to  pay  Mr.  Barnard's  funeral 
charges. 

During  his  ministry  275  members  were  admitted  to  the 
church. 

1718,  Dec.  16.  "  Voted  and  passed,  that  the  Precinct 
would  call  the  Rev.  Mr.  John  Barnard  to  be  their  settled 
gospel  minister."  Voted  «£80  salary  and  the  use  of  the 
parsonage  lands.  On  the  29th,  Voted  to  add  c£10  yearly 
to  the  above  sum,  and  £60  settlement.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Barnard  began  to  preach  as  settled  minister  on  the  first 
Sabbath  in  Jan.  1719;  and  was  ordained  the  eighth  day  of 
April  following.* 

In  1727,  the  year  of  the  great  earthquake,  71,  a  larger 
number  than  usual,  were  added  to  the  Church  ;  and  87,  in 
the  year  following.     In  1736,  38  united  with  the  church. 

In  March  1740,  "It  was  voted  and  passed,  that  the  pe- 
titioners, viz.  Ephraim  Foster,  Joseph  Robinson,  John  Fos- 
ter, David  Foster,  Moses  Foster,  Joseph  Robinson  jr.,  Tim- 
othy Sessions,  be  set  off  from  the  North  Parish  in  Andover 
to  the  North  parish  in  Boxford,  to  all  intents  and  purpo- 
ses;  they  the  said  petitioners  paying  their  equal  proportion 
for  maintaining  the  gospel  there,  and  all  parish  charges ; 
the  said  petitioners  relinquishing  all  their  rights,  privileges 
and  interest  in  the  parsonage  lands  and  meeting  house  in 
the  said  North  Parish  in  Andover,  and  that  the  petitioners 
obtain  a  confirmation  of  the  General  Court,  and  not  be  dis- 
missed till  then."f 

In  1 746,  June,  John  Barker,  John  Barker  jr.  Nathan  Bar- 

*  Parish  Records.  t  Church  Records. 

7* 


78 


HISTORY  OF  AN&OVER. 


ker,  with  their  wives,  Nathan  Barker  3d  and  widow  Lacy, 
were  dismissed  to  the  second  church  of  Boxford,  on  condi- 
tions of  the  forenamed  petitioners. 

1752,  Oct.  17.  It  was  voted  to  build  a  new  meeting 
house  and  to  raise  <£400.  The  price  of  labor  for  a  man  a 
day  was  Is.  Of.  and  T\  ;  for  a  pair  of  oxen  8c?.  a  day  till  1 
March. 

1753,  June,  the  meeting  house  was  raised  ;  Oct.  Voted 
to  raise  £300  for  the  meeting  house.  1754.  Jan.  1.  Pews 
were  sold  for  £667  15.5  Bit;  the  highest  pew  at  <£17  Os  8d 
— the  lowest  at  £6  1 3s  4J. 

1754,  Jan.  15.  Voted  that  S.  Phillips  Esq.,  Joshua 
Frye.  and  Capt.  James  Frye  be  a  committee  to  purchase  a 
bell  for  the  new  meeting  house. 

1755,  March  I.  Voted,  "  that  Samuel  Phillips  Esq.  give 
the  thanks  of  this  parish  to  Mr.  William  Phillips,  merchant 
in  Boston,  for  his  great  favor  and  bounty  to  the  parish  in 
giving  them  the  purchase  of  a  bell  for  their  meeting  house."* 
The  purchase  money  was  given  by  Capt.  Nathaniel  Frye. 
Rev.  John  Barnard  died  14  June  1757,  in  the  \  9ih  year  of 
a  faithful  and  successful  ministry,  in  which  506  were  admit- 
ted to  the  church  ;    1200  baptisms. 

1757,  June  29,  "  Voted  that  twenty  pounds  lawful  mon- 
ey be  paid  by  the  parish  toward  defraying  the  funeral 
charge  of  Rev.  John  Barnard,  who  departed  this  life  the 
14th  instant,  in  the  68th  year  of  his  age."# 

There  is  sufficient  evidence  from  the  records  of  the 
church,  that  good  order  and  discipline  were  maintained, 
that  there  was  good  fellowship  with  the  neighbour- 
ing churches  and  ministers,  and  that  peace  and  harmony 
prevailed  in  the  parish.  Upon  the  delinquency  of  any 
member,  much  pains  with  the  spirit  of  meekness  were  ta- 
ken to  restore  him  to  duty,  and  to  promote  the  edification 
of  the  church. 

*  Parish  Records. 
4 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  79 

1757,  Aug.  li.  "  Voted,  that  Thursday  the  25th  inst. 
be  kept  as  a  day  of  fasting  and  prayer  to  Almighty  God 
previous  and  preparatory  to  inviting  and  settling  an  ortho- 
dox minister  among  us."* 

In  October,  the  Committee  were  instructed  to  apply  to 
Mr.  William  Symmes,  and  no  other  person,  "  to  continue 
to  preach  upon  probation  ;"  and  Dec.  5th  the  Parish  vo- 
ted to  concur  with  the  church  in  making  choice  of  Mr. 
Symmes  to  be  their  gospel  minister. 

Voted  £160  for  Mr.  Symmes's  settlement;  <£70  for 
his  salary  with  15  cords  of  wood  and  the  use  of  the  par- 
sonage lands;  and  that  after  seven  years  are  expired,  £10 
more  be  added,  and  as  much  wood  as  he  may  need,  in  lieu 
of  the  15  cords.  On  account  of  Mr.  Symmes's  sickness, 
his  ordination  was  deferred  to  1st  November,  1758. 

1761,  March  \6.  "Voted,  that  the  parish  Committee 
return  the  thanks  of  this  parish  to  Mr.  Benjamin  Barker  for 
his  late  kind  and  generous  offer  of  such  a  sum  of  money  as 
shall  be  sufficient  to  purchase  a  parish  cluck"*  The  clock 
still  remains  upon  the  meeting  house. 

1779,  March,  Voted  to  set  off  Asa  Parker  and  his  es- 
tate to  the  second  parish  in  Boxford. 

1780,  April,  "Voted  to  raise  .£1940,  to  pay  the  de- 
ficiency of  Rev.  William  Symmes's  salary  since  the  depre- 
ciation of  paper  money,  which  is  esteemed  with  the  money 
already  given  him  equal  to  the  £  80  contracted,  to  the 
commencement  of  the  present  year  of  his  ministry." 

"  The  Rev.  William  Symmes's  gives  his  thanks  to  the 
parish  for  their  generous  vote,  and  relinquishes  1000  dol- 
lars of  the  £1940."* 

1797,  March  9.  Voted  to  build  a  Hearse.  This  was  built 
by  Mr.  Bott  of  Salem,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  first  pro- 
per hearse  in  the  county,  and  perhaps  in  the  State. 

*  Parish  Records. 


&0  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

1830,  Voted  to  use  Belknap's  Psalm  book  in  the  con- 
gregation. Brady  and  Tate's  was  used  previously  to  this; 
and  probably  before  this  last,  the  N.  England  Version,  or 
Sternhold  and  Hopkins. 

1H07,  The  bell  having  been  broken,  Voted  to  purchase 
a  new  bell  for  the  meeting  house,  to  weigh  1200  weight  J 
this  bell  is  now  in  the  use  of  the  parish. 

Dr.  Symmes  died  3d  iMay  1807,  in  the  79th  year  of  his 
age,  and  49th  of  his  ministry.  Dr.  Cumings  of  Billerica 
preached  from  2  Cor.  5:  1,  at  his  funeral. 

May  12th.  Voted  that  the  parish  committee  draw  on  the 
parish  treasurer  to  pay  the  bills  for  the  expenses  of  the  fu- 
neral of  Dr.  Symmes. 

Voted,  that  Thursday  the  18th  of  June  next  be  kept 
as  a  day  of  fasting  and  prayer  to  Almighty  God,  previous 
and  preparatory  to  inviting  and  settling  a  gospel  minister 
amongst  us.* 

The  half  century  of  Dr.  Symmes's  ministry  was  embar- 
rassing to  the  clergy  in  general.  He  was  settled  during 
the  French  war,  so  called.  Soon  after  peace  was  pro- 
claimed, difficulties  with  Great  Britain  commenced.  These 
kept  the  country  in  agitation,  till  the  arduous  war  of  the 
revolution,  which  called  forth  all  the  resources  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  reduced  the  clergy  and  others  to  great  distress. 
The  depreciation  of  paper  money  rendered  their  salaries 
entirely  inadequate  to  their  support.  Our  government  was 
scarcely  settled  before  the  French  revolution  involved  the 
civilized  world  in  commotion  and  trouble.  War  and  civil 
commotions  are  unfriendly  to  the  gentle  and  peaceful  spirit 
of  the  gospel.  Vice  and  neglect  of  religion  and  religious 
institutions  are  apt  to  grow  out  of  war  and  the  agitations  of 
the  body  politic.  If  during  such  a  period,  the  ffospel  should 
be  less  influential  on  society,  and  intemperance,  profanity, 
and  immorality  should  increase,  it  would  be  nothing  strange. 

*  Parish  Records. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  81 

Daring  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Symmes,  peace  and  harmo- 
ny prevailed  in  the  parish  ;  and  he  was  highly  esteemed  by 
all  who  were  capable  of  appreciating  his  learning  and  his 
worth. 

Four  ministers  served  the  parish  160  years,  15  of  which 
Mr.  Barnard  was  colleague  with  Mr.  Dane.  During  this 
long  period,  there  has  been  no  contention  in  the  parish 
with  its  ministers,  nor  have  there  been  divisions  and  bit* 
terness  among  its  members.  There  has  been  scarcely  a 
dissenter  from  the  stated  worship.  The  ministers  have 
been  worthy  of  respect,  and  have  been  respected,  and 
their  influence  has  been  salutary.  There  has  been  no 
difficulty,  which  has  called  for  the  interposition  of  a  coun- 
cil, or  which  has  alienated  the  affections  of  the  people  from 
their  ministers,  or  has  interrupted  the  peace  of  the  church, 
or  parish. 

During  his  ministry,  baptisms  were  1500. 

The  parish,  after  hearing  a  number  of  candidates  for  the 
ministry,  united  10th  July  1810,  in  calling  Mr.  Bailey 
Loring,  of  Duxbury,  to  settle  in  the  gospel  ministry,  and 
voted  to  give  him  $800,  salary  a  year,  so  long  as  he  should  be 
their  minister,  and  $500,  settlement.  The  ordination  was 
on  the  19th  Sept.  1810. 

The  Church  Covenant  that  had  been  in  use  previously 
to  this  time  could  not  be  found.  October  23d  the  Church 
adopted  the  following  :  "  You  profess  to  believe  in  one  God, 
the  Father,  Maker  of  all  things — and  in  Jesus  Christ 
his  son,  the  Messiah  and  Saviour  of  men,  the  only  Medi- 
ator between  God  and  man — and  in  the  Holy  Spirit, 
which  bears  testimony  to  the  Truth,  and  confirms  the 
Faith  of  Christians.  You  receive  the  Holy  Scriptures  of 
the  Old  and  New  Testament,  as  being  profitable  for  doc- 
trine, reproof,  correction  and  instruction  in  righteousness, 
and,  through  Faith  in  Christ,  sufficient  to  make   men  wise 


82  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

unto  Salvation. — You  profess  repentance  of  all  past  vices, 
and  a  full  purpose  of  heart  to  forsake  every  evil  and  false 
way,  and  to  cleave  to  that  which  is  good.  You  do  now 
publicly  covenant  with  God  that  you  will  search  after  and 
obey  the  Truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus — that  fleeing  sinful  lusts 
you  will  follow  after  Righteousness,  charity  and  peace — 
that  you  will  not  forsake  the  assembling  of  yourself  with 
the  people  of  God  for  public  worship  ;  but  make  it  your 
constant  study  to  walk  in  all  the  Commandments,  and  or- 
dinances of  the  Lord  blameless'y — and  that  walking  in 
communion  with  this  Church  you  will  submit  to  its  watch- 
ful care  and  discipline,  praying  for  its  edification  and  the 
prosperity  of  Zion. 

1817,  April  14.  Voted  by  the  Parish  to  purchase  an 
acre  and  quarter  of  land  of  Jonathan  Stevens  for  a  burying 
ground. 

1822,  March,  "  Voted  that  the  parish  Committee  erect 
stoves  in  the  meeting  house,  and  that  they  be  fixed  by  the 
first  day  of  Nov.  next." 

1825.  The  training  field  north  from  Dr.  Kittredge's, 
containing  about  five  acres,  was  exchanged  for  four  acres  in 
front  of  the  meeting  house,  and  opened  for  a  common, 
much  for  the  improvement  of  the  parish.  The  horse  sheds 
were  moved  to  the  N.  East  side  of  the  meeting  house. 

Parsonage  lands  were  early  appropriated  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  ministry.  The  minister  had  the  income  of 
them,  which  rendered  the  salary  received  from  the  Parish 
small.  These  lands,  soon  after  the  death  of  Dr.  Symmes, 
were  sold  and  the  money  appropriated  for  a  fund,  which 
amounts  to  7000  dollars,  the  income  of  which  is  applied  to 
paying  the  salary  of  the  minister. 

Church  Plate,  fyc.  1728,  May — Money  contributed  for 
three  silver  Tankards  ;  Benjamin  Stevens  Esq.  gave  one  at 
the  same  time.     1739,  six  silver  tankards  belonged   to  the 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS. 


8$ 


church.  — 1740,  Mrs.  Mary  Aslebee  gave  a  Tankard,  Tim- 
othy   Osgood,    Ebenezer   Osgood,  and  widow gave 

each  a  Tankard ;  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Abbot  gave  one  by 
will. —1761,  Capt.  Timothy  Johnson  gave  a  Tankard. — 
1765,  Benjamin  Barker  gave  a  silver  Flagon. — 1801,  Capt. 
Peter  Osgood  gave  a  silver  Flagon. 

1790,  Mrs.  Catherine  Powell,  wife  of  William  Powell 
Esq.  of  Boston,  presented  a  Bible  for  the  use  of  the  pulpit. 
1755,  Capt.  Nathaniel  Frye  presented  a  Bell  to  the  parish; 
and  1761  Mr.  Benjamin  Barker  gave  a  Clock  for  the  meet- 
ing house. 

Deacons  of  the  North  Church. 


Elected. 


Died. 

28  Sept.  1696. 
14  Jan.  1722. 
8  March,  1743, 
Nov.  1765, 
2?  Oct.  1762. 
11  Nov.  1766, 
21  Aug.  1790, 
Jan.  1797. 
Nov.  1786. 


John  Frye 

1693,  March  25,  John  Barker, 

1694,  March  25,  Joseph  Stevens, 
1719,  Dec.  19,  John  Osgood, 
1727,  March  10,  John  Farnum, 
1736,  Sept.  17,  Samuel  Barker, 
1748,  June  18,  Samuel  Phillips, 
1763,  April  27.  Joseph  Osgood, 
1766,  Aug.  27.        Joseph  Barker, 
1790,  June  3.  Benjamin  Farnum 
1797,  March  21.     John  Adams, 
1797,  March  21.     George  Osgood, 
1813,  July  12.         Joshua  Wilson, 
1824,  April  Jedidiah  Farnum, 
1824,  April              William  Frost,  jr. 

Deacons  in  N.  P.  B  oxford  belonging  to  And  over. 
1743,  June  15,        David  Foster,  1  Oct.  1766, 

1790,  April  8.  Asa  Parker,  29  May  1820, 

1806,  March  4.        Charles  Foster, 


June  1813, 
24  Oct.  1823, 
23  July,  1823, 


Age. 

88. 
83. 
77. 
83. 
75. 
78. 
82. 

77. 
66. 
79. 


65. 
90. 


84  history  of  andover. 

Ecclesiastical  and  Parochial  Affairs  in  the 
South   Pari  mi. 

1709,  May— The  South  Parish  was  incorporated,  and 
the  first  meeting  was  held  the  2.0th  of  June.  The  Parish 
proceeded  immediately  to  budd  a  meeting  house,  which 
was  occupied  in  January  1710.  At  this  time,  it  was  vot- 
ed to  build  a  parsonage  house  43  feet  long,  20  feet  wide, 
and  14  feet  stud. 

A  fast  was  kept  previous  to  settling  a  minister.  Dec. 
12,  1710,  "  Voted  unanimously,  that  Mr.  Samuel  Phillips 
be  our  settled  minister — Voted  and  passed,  that  the  Pre- 
cinct would  pay  Mr.  Phillips  «£u0  in  money  a  year,  while 
he  carries  on  the  work  of  the  ministry  among  us  in  an  un- 
married state,  and  when  he  shall  see  reason  to  marry,  then 
to  add  to  his  salary  £\0  a  year,  so  long  as  he  shall  contin- 
ue in  the  work  of  the  ministry  among  us  ;" — "  that  the  Pre- 
cinct would  budd  and  maintain  a  parsonage  house,  &,c. — 
and  that,  if  it  should  please  God  to  take  away  Mr.  Phillips 
by  death,  and  he  leave  a  widow  or  children,  that  then  the 
Precinct  would  give  to  his  widow  or  children  £50  and  the 
use  of  one  half  of  the  parsonage  house  one  year." 

A  Covenant  for  gathering  and  settling  a  Church  in  the 
South  precinct  in  Andover. 

We,  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  apprehend- 
ing ourselves  called  of  God,  to  join  together  in  church  com- 
munion :  (acknowledging  our  unworthincss  of  such  a  privi- 
lege and  our  inability  to  keep  covenant  with  God,  unless 
Christ  shall  enable  us  thereunto  :)  in  humble  dependence 
on  free  grace  for  divine  assistance  and  acceptance  ;  we  do 
in  the  name  of  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord  freely  covenant  and 
bind  ourselves  solemnly  in  the  presence  of  God  himself, 
his  holy  angels,  and  all  his  servants  here  present,  to  serve 
the  only  living  and  true  God,  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost, 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  85 

whose  name  alone  is  Jehovah,  cleaving  to  him  as  our  chief 
good,  and  unto  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  as  our  only  Saviour, 
the  Prophet,  Priest,  and  King  of  our  souls,  in  a  way  of  gos- 
pel obedience  :  Avouching  the  Lord  to  be  our  God  and  the 
God  of  our  children,  whom  we  give  unto  him  ;  and  resolve 
that  we  and  our  houses  will  serve  the  Lord,  counting  it  as 
an  high  favour,  that  the  Lord  will  accept  of  us,  and  our 
children  with  us,  to  be  his  people.  We  do  also  give  our- 
selves to  one  another  in  the  Lord,  covenanting  to  walk  to- 
gether as  a  church  of  Christ  in  all  the  ways  of  his  worship 
according  to  the  holy  rules  of  his  word  ;  promising  in 
brotherly  love  faithfully  to  watch  over  one  another's  souls, 
and  to  submit  ourselves  to  the  discipline  and  power  of 
Christ  in  his  church  ;  and  duly  to  attend  the  seals  and  cen- 
sures or  whatever  ordinances  Christ  has  commanded  to  be 
observed  by  his  people,  so  far  as  the  Lord  by  his  Word  and 
Spirit  has  or  shall  reveal  unto  us  to  be  our  duty,  adorning 
the  doctrine  of  God  our  Saviour  in  all  things,  avoiding  even 
the  appearance  of  evil.  And  that  we  may  keep  our  cove- 
nants with  God,  we  desire  to  deny  ourselves,  and  to  depend 
wholly  on  the  free  mercy  of  God,  and  upon  the  merits  of 
Jesus  Christ ;  and  wherein  we  shall  fail,  to  wait  on  him  for 
pardon  through  his  name  ;  beseeching  the  Lord  to  own  us 
as  a  church  of  Christ,  and  to  delight  to  dwell  in  the  midst 
of  us. — Samuel  Phillips,  Christopher  Osgood,  John  Abbot, 
William  Lovejoy,  Francis  Dane,  John  Russ,  William  John- 
son, Ralph  Farnum,  Thomas  Chandler,  Nehemiah  Abbot, 
John  Johnson,  William  Foster,  William  Chandler. — Mary 
Russell,  Sarah  Abbot,  Dorcas  Abbot,  Deborah  Russ,  Han- 
nah Bigsby,  Sarah  Abbot,  Hannah  Dane,  Sarah  Chandler, 
Rebekah  Ballard,  Hannah  Ballard,  Mary  Lovejoy,  Eliza- 
beth Johnson,  Mary  Chandler,  Phebe  Russell,  Sarah  Pres- 
ton, Mary  Johnson,  Sarah  Farnum,  Anna  Blanchard,  Han- 
nah Holt,  Abigail  Abbot,  Mary  Lovejoy. 

Andover,  October  17,  1711  ;    Then  this  Covenant  was 
$ 


bO  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

publicly  read  and  consented  to,  and  they  were  therefore 
declared  to  be  a  Church  ;  and  Mr.  Samuel  Phillips  was,  a* 
their  desire,  ordained  their  Pastor  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Thom- 
as Barnard  of  Andover,  Mr.  Edward  Payson  of  Rowley, 
Mr.  Joseph  Green  of  Salem  Village,  and  Mr.  Thomas 
Symmes  of  Bradford.* 

Bills  of  credit  being  depreciated,  £20  were  granted  to 
make  the  salary  good  for  the  years  1718,  '19,  and  '20;  and 
,£10  were  to  be  added  to  his  salary  so  long  as  the  bills  of 
credit  should  be  depreciated.  In  1728,  £20  were  added  ; 
— 1733,  £40;  and  in  1740  and  some  following  years,  £80 
were  added  to  his  salary. 

1732,  June,  Voted  to  build  a  new  meeting  house  on 
Rogers  hill,  55  feet  long,  45  feet  wide,  and  28  feet  stud, 
after  the  same  form  and  fashion  of  the  present  one.  After- 
ward it  was  voted,  60  feet  long,  44  feet  wide  and  30  feet 
between  plate  and  sill.t  1734,  May  12,  the  last  time  of 
public  worship  in  first  meeting  house,  which  had  been  im- 
proved 24  years  and  almost  4  months.  May  19,  the  first  as- 
sembling for  worship  in  the  second  meeting  house.  Mr. 
Phillips  preached  on  the  occasion  from  Haggai  2:  9.* 

After  a  faithful  and  useful  ministry  of  sixty  years,  Mr. 
Phillips  died  on  5  June  1771,  in  the  82d  year  of  his  age. 

At  a  meeting  immediately  after  his  death,  it  was  voted, 
"  that  at  his  funeral,  the  bearers  should  have  rings—that 
the  ordained  ministers  that  attend  the  funeral  shall  have 
gloves — that  the  ministers  who  preached  gratis  in  Mr. 
Phillips'  illness  have  gloves — that  the  parish  will  be  at  the 
charge  of  the  funeral  of  the  Rev.  S.  Phillips — and  voted  to 
hear  the   bearers  in  their  turn."t 

During  Mr.  Phillips'  ministry  the  practice  of  recogniz- 
ing the  baptismal  covenant  was  earnestly  urged,  and  there 
were  very  few  who  were  not  baptized.  In  a  note  to  one  of  his 
sermons  in  1727,  he  states,  that  he  does  not  recollect  a  sin- 

*  Records  of  the  South  Church.  f  S.  P.  Records. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  87 

gle  native  of  the  parish  that  was  not  baptized.  All  who  re- 
ceived baptism  were  considered  under  the  watch  and  dis- 
cipline of  the  church.  He  records,  1720,  "  then  the  pas- 
tor minded  the  church  (in  a  brief  discourse)  of  their  duty 
with  respect  to  the  children  of  the  church,  and  showed 
that  it  was  their  duty  to  watch  over  them,  and  that  by  the 
neglect  thereof,  the  church  had  contracted  a  great  deal  of 
guilt."* 

The  church  and  parish  were  united,  there  were  no  sec- 
taries, and  the  religious  assemblies  were  well  attended.  The 
people  entertained  profound  respect  for  their  minister,  and 
gave  great  attention  to  his  instructions  and  admonitions. 
He  was  attentive  to  promote  the  edification  of  the  church, 
and  maintain  its  peace  and  order. 

Baptisms  from  1711  to  1772  inclusive,  were  1831: 
Communicants  for  the  same  period,  admitted  to  the  church, 
were  502.* 

Soon  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Phillips,  considerable  disa- 
greement arose  in  the  parish  concerning  a  place  for  a  new 
meeting  house,  and  there  appeared  some  disposition  to  di- 
vide the  parish.  It  was  agreed  to  postpone  building  for  ten 
years,  and  the  dispute  then  subsided. 

1771,  Oct.  16th  was  appointed  and  set  apart  for  a  day 
of  fasting  in  order  to  the  resettling  of  the  gospel  ministry. 

1772,  May  21.  The  parish  made  choice  of  Mr.  Jona- 
than French  to  be  their  gospel  minister— Voted  c£100  a 
settlement,  £80  salary,  the  use  of  the  parsonage  lands  and 
buildings,  and  his  fire  vvood.t 

1772,  Sept.  23d,  Mr.  French  was  ordained. 

Recognizing  the  baptismal  covenant  and  administering 
baptism  to  the  children  of  parents  who  were  not  communi- 
cants were  at  this  time  discontinued. 

1772,  March,  Voted  to  sing  Watts'  Psalms  and    Hymns. 

t  Cliurch  Records.  f  Parish  Records. 


88  HISTORY  Or  ANDOVER. 

Previous  to  this  the  New  England  version  of  the  Psalms 
was  in  use. 

1794,  It  was  "  voted  hy  the  church  that  the  common 
method  of  reading  the  psalm  line  by  line  should  be  drop- 
ped." This  practice  in  the  congregation  had  a  short  time 
before  been  discontinued.  Reading  and  singing  line  by 
line  had  prevailed  generally  in  the  N.  England  churches. 

1773,  Voted,  "  that  instead  of  the  usual  practice  of  ex- 
hibiting relations  previous  to  admission  into  the  church, 
the  following  form  of  confession  of  faith  be  propounded  in 
public  to  each  candidate  previous  to   admission   into  the 

church." 

"  You,  A.  B.,  do  professedly  believe  there  is  one  God, 
Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost — that  the  Bible  is  the  word 
of  God,  which  was  written  by  the  prophets  and  apostles,  un- 
der the  inspiration  of  the  Holy  Spirit — you  also  believe  the 
fall  of  man,  the  depravity  of  human  nature ;  and  the  re- 
demption through  the  mediation,  intercession,  and  atone- 
ment of  Christ;  that  Christ  has  appointed  two  special  or- 
dinances under  the  gospel  dispensation  to  be  observed  by 
every  true  believer  in  his  name ;  viz.  Baptism  and  the 
Lord's  Supper — that  the  qualifications  of  these  ordinances 
are  true  repentance  toward  God,  and  faith  in  our  Lord  Je- 
sus Christ. — You  believe  also  that  the  soul  will  exist  after 
the  dissolution  of  the  body,  and  that  there  will  be  a  day  of 
final  judgment,  in  which  every  one  shall  receive  a  reward 
according  to  his  works."* 

1788.  After  some  dissension,  it  was  voted  to  build  a 
new  meeting  house,  and  place  it  near  the  site  of  the  old. 
The  west  part  of  the  parish  being  dissatisfied,  petitioned 
the  Legislature  to  be  set  off  as  a  distinct  Parish  ;  but  the 
petition  was  withdrawn. 

The  last  time  of  meeting  in  the  old  house  was  the  20th 

*  Church  Records. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  89 

April  1 788 ;  and  the  last  sermon  was  from  Haggai  1 :  7,  8. 
The  house  was  occupied  nearly  54  years.  While  the  pres- 
ent house  was  in  building,  public  worship  was  performed 
32  sabbaths  in  the  hall  of  Phillip's  Academy.  The  new 
house,  70  feet  long,  54  wide  with  a  porch  in  front  and  at 
each  end,  was  raised  may  26th  and  27th,  and  completed 
and  pews  all  sold,  so  that  the  first  time  of  assembling  for 
public  worship  was  on  Lord's  day,  Dec.  7,  1788  ;  and  the 
sermon  on  the  occasion  was  from  John  10:  22,  23,  by  the 
Pastor. 

1792,  June,  Samuel  Abbot  Esq.  presented  a  bell  of 
1100  pounds  weight  for  the  use  of  the  meeting  house. 

1798,  March,  Voted  to  procure  a  Hearse.  Before  this 
it  was  customary  to  bear  the  dead  to  the  grave  on  the 
shoulders  on  a  bier. 

Mr.  French  died  suddenly  June  28,  1809,  after  a 
faithful  and  successful  ministry  of  37  years,  in  the  70th 
year  of  his  age. 

It  was  voted,  that  the  Parish  will  be  at  the  expense  of 
the  funeral  of  the  Rev.  Jonathan  French ;  procure 
mourning  for  the  family  ;  that  suitable  provision  be  made 
for  the  bearers,  and  other  clergymen  who  attend  the  fune- 
ral, and  the  friends  of  the  deceased.  Also  that  Mrs.  French 
have  the  use  of  the  parsonage  buildings  till  April,  and  that 
she  have  the  crops  of  the  present  year  ;  to  continue  Mr- 
French's  salary  to  the  1st  of  April  next;  and  to  give  Mrs. 
French  12  cords  of  fire  wood,  and  more  if  necessary. 

Much  affection  and  respect  subsisted  between  Mr. 
French  and  his  people.  The  assembly  on  the  Sabbath 
was  full ;  there  were  very  few  dissentients  from  the  Par- 
ish ;  good  order  prevailed  ;  and  very  few  difficulties  arose 
to  disturb  the  edification  and  peace  of  the  church.  During 
a  century,  which  included  the  ministry  of  two  pastors  only, 
no  troubles  arose  in  the  Parish  to  render  it  necessary  or 
8* 


90 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


expedient  to  call  for  the  advice  of  a  council.  Much  effect 
was  given  to  the  ministry  by  the  influence  and  example  of 
leading  members  of  the  Society. 

Baptisms  from  1773  to  1812  inclusive,  were  1449 ; 
communicants  admitted  to  the  church  during  the  same 
time  were  771. 

1809,  Sept.  A  day  was  set  apart  for  fasting  and  prayer 
previous  to  settling  a  gospel  minister. 

The  Parish  heard  a  number  of  candidates,  and  invited 
Mr.  G.  Spring,  Mr.  G.  S.  Olds,  and  Rev.  A.  Hooker  to 
settle,  but  without  success. 

1812,  Aug.  10.  The  Parish  concurred  with  the  church 
in  calling  Mr.  Justin  Edwards  to  settle  in  the  work  of  the 
gospel  ministry,  and  voted  a  salary  of  $900  annually,  and 
the  use  of  the  parish  pew,  for  his  support. 

1812,  Dec.  2.  Mr.  Edwards  was  ordained.  He  con- 
tinued to  labor  in  the  ministry  till  1827,  October  1st ; 
when  at  his  own  request  he  was  dismissed  ;  and  on  the 
first  of  Jan.  1828  was  installed  the  first  minister  of  a  new 
church  in  Boston. 
Confession  of  Faith  and  Covenant,  adapted  by  the 
South  Church  in  Andover,  1812. 

1.  You  believe  in  one  only  living  and  true  God  ;  the 
Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost ;  and  that  h  is  the  duty  of  all 
intelligent  creatures,  to  love  and  obey  him. 

2.  You  believe  that  the  Bible  is  the  word  of  God  ;  that 
it  was  given  by  the  inspiration  of  the  Holy  Ghost ;  and  is 
the  sufficient  and  only  rule  of  faith  and  practice. 

3.  You  believe  that  God  created  man  upright ;  you  be- 
lieve the  fall  of  man,  the  depravity  of  human  nature,  and 
that  men,  unless  they  are  born  again,  can  never  see  the 
kingdom  of  God. 

4.  You  believe  in  the  incarnation,  obedience,  suffering, 
and  death  of  Christ  ;  his  resurrection,  and  ascension  ;  that 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  91 

he  alone,  by  his  suffering  and  death,  hath  made  atonement 
for  sin  ;  and  that  he  ever  liveth  to  make  intercession  for  us. 

5.  You  believe  that  Christ  hath  appointed  two  special 
ordinances,  viz.  Baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper ;  that  bap- 
tism is  to  be  administered  to  unbaptized  adults,  who  pro- 
fess their  faith  in  Christ,  and  to  infant  children  of  mem- 
bers of  the  church. 

6.  You  believe  the  future  existence  of  the  soul ;  that 
there  will  be  a  resurrection  of  both  the  righteous  and  the 
wicked — a  day  of  final  judgment ;  that  all  will  receive  ac- 
cording to  their  works,  that  the  wicked  will  go  away  into 
everlasting  punishment,  and  the  righteous  into  life  eternal. 

Covenant.  You  now,  humbly  and  penitently  asking 
the  forgiveness  of  all  your  sins,  through  the  blood  of  the 
great  Redeemer,  give  up  yourself  to  God,  in  an  everlasting 
covenant,  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  ;  and  as  in  the  pres- 
ence of  God,  angels,  and  men,  you  solemnly  promise,  that 
by  the  assistance  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  you  will  forsake  the 
vanities  of  this  present  evil  world,  and  approve  yourself  a 
true  disciple  of  Jesus  Christ,  in  all  good  carriage  toward 
God,  and  toward  man. 

And  you  likewise  promise,  so  long  as  God  shall  contin- 
ue you  among  us,  to  walk  in  communion  with  the  church 
of  Christ  in  this  place  ;  to  watch  over  other  professing 
christians  among  us  ;  to  submit  to  the  power  and  disci- 
pline of  Christ  in  his  church,  and  duly  to  attend  to  the 
seals  and  the  censures,  or  whatever  ordinance  Christ  has 
commanded  to  be  observed  by  his  people,  so  far  as  the 
Lord,  by  his  Word  and  Spirit  has,  or  shall,  reveal  to  you  to 
be  your  duty  ;  adorning  the  doctrine  of  God  our  Saviour  in 
all  things,  and  avoiding  the  appearance  of  evil ;  and  by 
daily  prayer  to  Almighty  God  in  the  name  of  his  Son  Je- 
sus Christ,  you  will  seek  for  grace  to  keep  this  covenant. 

The  baptisms  from  1813  to  1827  inclusive,  were  509, 


92  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

and  members  during  the  same  time  admitted  to  the  church 
were  268. 

Mr.  Milton  Badger,  from  Coventry,  Con.  was  employed 
to  preach  as  the  first  candidate,  and  was  soon  invited  to 
settle  as  successor  of  Dr.  Edwards,  with  a  salary  of  $730 
annually,  and  was  ordained  Jan.  3,  1828. 

1815.  A  vestry  was  built  by  individuals.  1820,  Dec. 
Stoves  were  ordered  to  be  placed  in  the  meeting  house  for 
the  purpose  of  warming  it. 

1810.  An  act  of  the  Legislature  was  obtained  authori- 
zing the  sale  of  the  parsonage  lands,  and  requiring  the 
property  to  be  committed  to  the  care  and  management  of  sev- 
en Trustees,  who  are  accountable  to  the  parish  ;  the  income 
of  the  property  to  be  applied  for  the  support  of  the  ministry. 
— The  amount  of  the  funds  at  the  present  time,  1828,  is 
$15,000. 

1812,  March  5.  Samuel  Abbot,  Esq.  presented  a  clock 
to  the  Parish  for  the  use  of  the  meeting  house ;  and  on  the 
18th  of  the  same  month,  he  gave  the  church  $500,  the  in- 
come of  which  he  directed  to  be  distributed  among  the  poor 
of  the  church  under  the  direction  of  the  minister  and  dea- 
cons. The  Rev.  Samuel  Phillips  had  made  a  donation  of 
^100  lawful  money,  for  the  same  benevolent  purpose. 

Church  Plate.  1801.  Five  silver  tankards  were  purchas- 
ed by  the  church,  and  one  presented  by  an  unknown 
friend  ;  three  silver  tankards  belonged  to  the  church  before. 
1802.  Two  Flagons  were  presented  to  the  church,  one  by 
the  direction  of  the  late  Hon.  S.  Phillips,  and  the  other  by 
Samuel  Abbot,  Esq.,  the  cost  of  both  $218,  10.— 1810,  A 
tankard  was  presented  to  the  church  by  direction  of  the  late 
Deacon  Joshua  Holt. — 1812.  A  tankard  was  presented  by 
Samuel  Abbot,  Esq. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS. 


93 


Deacons  of  the  South  Church. 


Elected. 

1711,  Nov.  8. 


Died.  Age. 

John  Abbot,   .            March  1721.  73 

William  Lovejoy,       July  20,  1748.  90 

1720,  Sept.  22.       Nehemiah  Abbot,      Oct.  8,  1750.  83 

John  Abbot,                Jan.  I,  1754.  79 

1744,  March  20.    Isaac  Abbot,               Aug.  9,  1784.  85 

Joseph  Abbot,            Aug.  23,  1787.  82 
moved  to  Wilton  1776. 

1755,  Feb.  4.         John  Dane,                 July,  1801.  84 

Hezekiah  Ballard,     Dec.  1801.  81 

1776,  April  16.      Joshua  Holt                July,  24,  1810.  80 

1785,  May  30.       S.  Phillips  (excused)  Feb.  1802.  50 

Zebadiah  Abbot,        Nov.  24,  1793.  54 
1794,  April  21.      Samuel  Abbot,  (excused)  April  1812.  80 


June  20,  1814.    74 


Daniel  Poor, 

Isaac  Abbot, 

Nathan  Abbot,  March  5,  1801.   48 

1801,  May  21.       Abiel  Pearson,  May  1827,  71 

1811,  April  2.       Mark  Newman, 

1813,  April  2.        Zebadiah   Abbot,  removed   to  the  West 
Church  1827. 

1825,  Amos  Blanchard. 

1826,  Dec.  2.         Amos  Abbot. 

1827,  Aug.  21.      Paschal  Abbot. 

The  West  Parish,  taken  from  the  South  Parish  in  con- 
sequence of  increased  population,  was  incorporated  March, 
1827. 

The  West  Church,  with  the  consent  and  approbation  of 
the  South  Parish  and  Church,  was  organized,  December  5, 
1826,  with  the  same  confession  of  faith  and  covenant  as  is 
used  in  the  South  Church.  The  Deacons  elected  were 
Zebadiah  Abbot,  Solomon  Holt,  and  Ebenezer  Lovejoy. 

In  1826,  a  meeting  house  was  built  of  granite,  64  feet 
by  52,  25  feet  post.    It  was  dedicated  December  26,  1826. 

Mr.  Samuel  C.  Jackson  was  invited,  April  3,  1827,  to 
settle  in  the  ministry  on  a  salary  of  §600,  and  was  ordain- 
ed 6  June  following. 


94  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

This  parish  receives  annually  about  $280  from  the  funds 
which  belonged  to  the  South  Parish,  for  the  support  of  the 
minister. 

Biographical  Sketch  of  the  Ministers  of  Andover. 

Rev.  John  Woodbridge  was  born  in  1613,  at  Stanton, 
"Wiltshire,  England,  son  of  Rev.  John   Woodbridge,  a  non- 
conforming minister.     He  was  sent  to  Oxford  for  his  edu- 
cation ;  but  when  required  to  take  the  oath  of  conformity, 
he  left  the  college,  and  pursued   his  studies  in  a  more  pri- 
vate way.     The  ceremonies  of  the  church  being  vigorously 
enforced,  young  Woodbridge,  in   1634,  came  to   New  En- 
gland with  Rev.  Thomas  Parker,  his  uncle.     He  with  oth- 
ers took  up  land  in   Newbury,  and    continued   his  studies, 
till,  on  account  of  his  father's  death,   he  was  called  to  En- 
gland.    Having  accomplished  his  business,   he  returned  to 
— =-    >Kew  England;  and,  in  1641,  married  a  daughter,  of  Hon. 
yAA.  t*M  Thomas  Dudley.     He   was  among  the  first  settlers  of  An- 
aover,  and  purchased  the  township  for  the  settlers  of  Cuts- 
U»W4  hamache,  Sagamore  of  Massachusetts,  for  six  pounds  and  a 
u**4-k*>coat,  which  purchase  the   Sagamore   acknowledged   before 
*W^     the  Court  in  1646,  when  Andover  was  incorporated.     Mr. 
*  \*>  "W\  was  with  the  settlers  as  a  teacher,  at  or  very  near  the 
^'_    time  of  the  first  plantation  of  the  town.     It   was  expected 
l«   ^  that  a  church  would   be  organized,   and   Mr.  W.  would  be 
^Wv*vt  ordained   pastor,   in  September    1644,  at  Rowley,  as    the 
Qv,    council  and  people  that  would  probably  be  assembled,  could 
/[turi   not  be  accommodated  in  a  place  so  new  as   Andover   then 
was.     But  those  that  were  to  be  formed  into  a  church  state, 
J  ^7  and  who  had  belonged   to  other  churches,  declined  repeat- 
^v  t*L}n&  *he  declaration  of  their  faith  and  repentance  ;  the  mes- 
rnL-^-sengers  of  the   churches,  not    satisfied,  separated   without 
+****"' forming  the  church,  and  Mr.  W.  was  not  ordained  at  that 
**   time.     The  next  year,  they  met  at  Rowley,  the  church  was 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  95 

organized,  and  Mr.  W.  was  ordained,  Oct.  1645,  by  Mr. 
WiJson  of  Boston  and  Mr.  Worcester  of  Salisbury.  "  There 
is  a  tradition,"  Dr.  Symmes  remarks,  "that  Mr.  Woodbridge 
was  the  first,  strictly  speaking,  that  was  ordained  a  minis- 
ter of  the  gospel  in  this  county,  and  the  second  in  New  En- 
gland." 

By  the  solicitation  of  friends  he  was  induced  to  resign 
his  charge,  in  1647,  and  to  return  to  England ;  where  he 
preached  first  at  Andover  in  Hampshire,  and  afterwards  at 
Burford,  Wiltshire  ;  whence  he  was  ejected  soon  after  the 
restoration  of  Charles  II.  He  was  also  thrown  out  of  his 
school  at  Newbury  by  the  Bartholomew  act.  This  occa- 
sioned his  return,  in  1663,  to  New  England.  Soon  after 
this,  he  was  invited  to  settle  in  Newbury  as  an  assistant  to 
his  aged  uncle,  Mr.  Thomas  Parker,  where  for  several 
years  he  continued  his  ministry.  But  a  difference  arising 
between  him  and  his  people  concerning  church  discipline, 
he  thought  it  best  to  resign  his  ministry  among  them.  He 
was  still  highly  esteemed,  and,  in  the  winter  of  1684,  was 
employed  to  preach  during  the  sickness  of  Mr.  Richardson, 
the  minister  of  Newbury.  Soon  after  his  dismission,  it  is 
said,  "  he  was  remarkably  blest  in  his  private  estate,"  which 
supplied  the  loss  of  his  salary. 

In  1683,  he  was  chosen  an  assistant;  and  after  the 
change  of  the  government,  he  was  appointed  Justice  of 
Peace. 

His  wife  died,  July  1691,  fifty  years  after  marriage. 
He  died  March  1695,  in  the  eighty  second  year  of  his  age. 
His  reputation  was  good ;  and  he  was  distinguished  for  his 
piety,  his  submission  under  afflictions,  his  composure  of 
mind  and  patience  ;  his  readiness, to  forgive  injuries,  and 
his  entire  control  of  his  passions.  A  messenger  once 
brought  him  word  of  great  loss  of  property  ;  his  reply  was, 
"  what  a  mercy  it  is,  that  this  is  the  first  time  that  I  have 
met  with  such  a  disaster." 


96  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

He  bad  twelve  children,  eleven  of  whom  lived  to  adult 
age.  Three  sons  and  two  sons  in  law  were  in  the  ministry; 
and  he  lived  to  see  four  grandsons  preparing  for  it. 

John  was  settled  in  the  ministry,  1666,  in  Killingworth; 
in  1679  installed  at  Wethersfield,  and  died  in  1690.  Tim- 
othy was  minister  of  Hartford. 

Benjamin  Woodbridge,  his  brother,  the  first  on  Har- 
vard college  catalogue,  was  successor  of  the  famous  Dr. 
Twisse  of  Newbury,  Eng.  and  was  in  high  reputation  as  a 
scholar,  a  preacher,  a  casuist,  and  a  christian.  He  was 
honored  with  D.  D.  from  Oxford.  He  died  Nov.  1684, 
aged  62. * 

Rev.  Francis  Dane  was  successor  to  Mr.  Woodbridge, 
The  particular  time  of  his  coming  to  Andover,  or  of  his 
ordination,  is  not  now  known,  but  it  was  about  1648.  He 
had  not  been  educated  at  either  of  the  Universities  in 
England,  but  completed  his  theological  education  in  this 
country.  He  appears  to  have  been  useful  and  respected 
in  his  profession.  The  town,  during  his  ministry,  enjoyed 
peace,  and  was  regular  in  attending  and  maintaining  reli- 
gious institutions.  In  a  settlement  so  new,  he  was  liable 
to  many  privations  and  hardships  in  common  with  the  first 
planters.  There  is  no  evidence  of  impatience  or  want  of 
fortitude  under  them.  His  salary  was  small,  and  paid  one 
half  in  wheat  and  one  half  in  Indian  corn,  at  the  current 
price.  His  wife  Elizabeth  died  June  1676.  Mr.  Thomas 
Barnard  was,  in  1682,  settled  as  a  colleague  with  him,  and 
was  his  assistant  more  than  fifteen  years.  To  what  period 
of  life  Mr.  Dane  continued  his  labors  is  uncertain.  Mrs. 
Mary,  his  wife,  died  March  1689;  and  at  an  advanced  age, 
he  married  the  widow  of  George  Abbot,  sen.  who  died 
June  1711,  in  the  83d  year  of  her  age. 

In  the  time  of  the  witchcraft  frenzy,  in  1692,  of  which 

*  See  Mather's  Magnaliu,  Allen'B  Biog.  Diet.,  Hist,  of  N.  E. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  97 

Andover  had  its  full  share,  it  is  said,  that  intimations  that 
Mr.  Dane  was  implicated,  served  in  some  measure  to  check 
the  delusion ;  as  it  was  not  deemed  credible,  that  a  man 
of  his  known  piety  and  uprightness  could  be  in  league  with 
the  devil.  He  expressed  his  sympathy  and  used  his  exer- 
tions for  the  relief  of  those  of  his  parishioners,  who  were 
imprisoned,  by  writing  to  the  Court,  and  also  by  signing  a 
certificate  in  their  favor.  He  died  the  17th  Feb.  1097,  in 
the  82d  year  of  his  age,  having  been  an  officer  in  the 
church  of  Andover  48  years.  He  left  two  sons, Nathaniel 
and  Francis.  Nathaniel  died  1725,  aged  80  years  ;  De- 
liverance, his  wife,  died  1735,  aged  81  years.  Their  sons 
were  Nathaniel,  Francis,  and  Daniel.  Lieut.  Francis 
died  3738,  aged  81;  Hannah,  his  wife,  died  L 746,  aged 
85.  Their  sons  were  3  Francis,  Abiel,  John,  Joseph,  Dan- 
iel.— 3  Francis,  4  Francis. — 3John,  4  John,  Joseph,  William, 
Daniel,  and  Mary.  4  John  was  deacon  in  the  South  church 
46  years,  and  was  accustomed  to  set  the  psalm  when  it  was 
the  practice  to  read  and  sing  line  by  line.  He  died,  July 
1801,  aged  84  years  and  six  months.  His  wife  Elizabeth 
died  1801,  aged  82.  4  Joseph,  his  brother,  died  1807,  aged 
84.  Mary,  his  sister,  married  Samuel  Chickering ;  died 
1824,  aged  92. 

There  was  another  bearing  the  name  Dane,  supposed 
to  be  a  brother,  or  near  relation  of  Mr.  Dane  of  Andover, 
who  early  settled  in  Ipswich,  from  whom  descended  Hon. 
Nathan  Dane,  LL.  D.  of  Beverly,  and  Hon.  Joseph  Dane 
of  Kennebunk,  both  of  whom  have  been  members  of  Con- 
gress, and  have  sustained  important  offices  in  the  Com* 
mon  wealth. 

Rev.  Thomas   Barnard,  son  of  Francis  B.  of  Hadley, 

the  third   minister  of  Andover,  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard 

College  of  1679.     In  January  J682,  he   was  unanimously 

invited  by  the  town  to  settle  as  an  assistant  of  Mr.  Dane  m 

9 


08  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

carrying  on  the  work  of  the  ministry.  There  is  no  record 
of  the  time  of  his  ordination.  The  parsonage  house  being 
burned  about  the  year  1707,  he  purchased  some  time  after, 
the  house  said  to  be  built  and  occupied  by  Governor  Brad- 
street.  This  house  has  been  occupied  successively  by 
Rev.  John  Barnard  and  Dr.  Symmes,  and  is  now  owned  by 
Mr.  Simeon  Putnam,  and  is  still  a  good  house.  During 
four  or  five  years  before  the  division  of  the  town  into  two 
parishes,  there  was  warm  contention  concerning  the  place 
for  a  new  meeting  house.  In  1709,  the  town  was  amica- 
bly divided  into  two  parishes.  Mr.  B.  had  his  election  of 
the  parishes.  During  the  long  and  warm  altercation,  he 
conducted  with  such  prudence  and  affectionate  fidelity,  as 
to  retain  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  his  people.  He 
died  suddenly  Oct.  13,  1718,  in  the  sixty  second  year  of 
his  age,  and  37th  of  his  ministry,  greatly  beloved  and  high- 
ly esteemed. 

Rev.  Mr.  Phillips  of  the  South  parish,  intimately  ac- 
quainted with  him,  eight  or  nine  last  years  of  his  ministry, 
has  given  him  the  following  character,  in  a  preface  to  a 
sermon,  preached  in  1739,  by  Mr.  John  Barnard.  "  I 
shall  very  gladly  take  the  opportunity  which  so  fairly  offers, 
to  acknowledge  that  I  have  always  esteemed  it  a  favor  of 
Providence,  that  my  lot  was  cast  in  the  same  town  with 
that  holy  man  of  God.  who  was  pleased  to  express  the 
kindness  of  a  father  towards  me  also,  and  where  1  had,  for 
some  years,  the  advantage  of  his  guidance  and  example. 
And  I  doubt  not,  but  that  it  will  be  very  acceptable  to  all 
those  of  his  hearers,  in  each  parish,  who  are  now  living, 
for  me  to  revive  the  remembrance  of  this  their  former 
Pastor,  of  blessed  memory  ;  and  in  order  hereunto,  to  go 
on  and  say,  (which  I  am  persuaded  they  will  readily  assent 
to  the  truth  of,  viz.)  that  he  was  really  one  of  the  best  of 
men,  and  of  ministers.     Not  only  an  exemplary  Christian, 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  99 

and  Israelite  indeed,  in  whom  was  found  no  guile  ;  but, 
moreover,  had  the  tongue  of  the  learned,  and  was  a  sound 
and  eminent  divine  ;  delivered  excellent  sermons,  and  had 
the  spirit  as  well  as  the  gift  of  prayer  ;  was  truly  an  able 
minister  of  the  New  Testament,  and  a  faithful  steward  in 
the  house  of  God  ;  naturally  caring  for  the  flock,  and  was 
therefore  gentle  as  a  father,  yet,  maintaining  government 
and  discipline  in  the  church  ;  very  compassionate  to  those 
in  distress,  and,  like  saint  Barnabas  of  old,  was  truly  a  son 
of  consolation  ;  also  very  obliging  towards  all  men,  and 
always  studied  the  things  which  make  for  peace  ;  was  sin- 
gularly prudent  in  his  whole  conduct ;  also  grave  and  in- 
structive, and  yet  cheerful  in  conversation ;  and  I  need 
not  say,  how  kind  and  tender  as  a  husband  and  a  parent, 
nor  how  faithful  as  a  friend  ;  and,  which  was  very  much 
his  ornament,  he  was  truly,  of  a  meek  and  quiet  spirit,  and 
was  clothed  with  humility."  Mr.  B.  has  been  justly  reck- 
oned among  the  eminent  ministers  of  New  England. 

Mr.  B.  married,  Dec.  1686,  Elizabeth  Price,  who  died 
Oct.  1692.  For  a  second  wife,  May  1696,  Abigail  Bull, 
who  died,  Aug.  1702.  He  was  married  to  his  third  wife, 
Lydia  Goffe,  Aug.  1704.  Thomas,  his  oldest  son,  born 
Oct.  1688,  died  before  his  father,  without  issue.  John, 
born  March  1690,  graduated  H.  Coll.  1709,  ordained  min- 
ister of  Andover  North  Parish,  April  1719,  died  June  14, 
1757.  Theodore,  his  youngest  son,  born  Feb.  1692,  died 
Feb.  1725,  aged  32  years,  leaving  three  children,  Elizabeth, 
Theodore,  and  Hannah.  Elizabeth  was  the  wife  of  the  Hon. 
S.  Phillips,  and  mother  of  the  late  Lt.  Governor  S.  Phillips.— 
See  preface  of  Rev.  J.  Barnard's  fun.  Ser.  of  Abicl  Abbot. 

Rev.  John  Barnard,  son  of  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard, 
born  Feb.  26,  1690,  was  a  graduate  of  H.  Coll.  1709.  Dur- 
ing several  years,  he  taught  the  grammar  school  at  Ando- 
ver, and  the  north  grammar  school  at  Boston.     Immediate- 


100 


HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 


ly  upon  the  death  of  his  father,  he  was  thought  of  as  his 
successor,  and,  in  December  16,  1718,  was  invited  to  set- 
tle in  the  gospel  ministry  in  the  north  parish.  He  began 
to  preach  as  settled  minister  the  first  Sabbath  in  January 
1719,  and  was  ordained  the  8th  of  April  following.  At 
the  ordination,  Rev.  Mr.  Capen  of  Topsfield  gave  the 
charge,  Rev.  Mr.  Stevens  of  Charlestown  gave  the  right 
hand  of  fellowship,  Rev.  Thomas  Symmes  of  Boxford 
preached  the  sermon,  Rev.  Mr.  Rogers  and  Rev.  Mr.  Phil- 
lips assisted  in  prayer.  Mr.  Barnard  died  14th  June  1758, 
aged  68  years. 

Mr.  Barnard  was  a  good  classical  scholar ;  and,  after 
his  settlement  in  the  ministry,  prepared  for  college  many, 
some  of  whom  were  good  scholars  and  useful  men.  His 
piety,  gentleness,  and  pleasantry,  his  faithfulness  and  as- 
siduity in  the  discharge  of  ministerial  duty,  and  the  inter- 
est which  he  took  in  promoting  the  peace  and  improve- 
ment of  his  people,  procured  their  love  and  confidence. 
As  a  preacher,  and  as  a  counsellor  in  the  churches,  he  was 
very  highly  respected.  His  sound  understanding,  hospital- 
ity, benevolence  and  urbanity,  gained  the  esteem  and  af- 
fection of  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintance.  lie 
lived  in  much  intimacy  and  friendship  with  Mr.  Phillips  of 
the  south  parish,  and  they  mutually  contributed  to  the  good 
order,  peace  and  harmony  of  the  town.  Mr.  Phillips,  in  a 
preface  to  a  sermon  preached  1739,  by  Mr.  Barnard, 
speaks  of  him  with  the  utmost  affection  and  respect.  "  As 
for  the  present  worthy  pastor  of  the  flock  of  Christ  in  the 
north  parish,  although  he  be  not  willing  that  any  encomia 
urn  should  be  given  of  him,  but,  like  his  venerable  father, 
before  him,  professes  himself  content,  provided  he  may  do 
some  service  in  the  world,  and  pass  through  it  without  con- 
tempt ;  yet,  I  cannot  forbear  saying,  that  he  is  so  well 
known  and  approved  that  he  stands  in  no  need  at  all  of  a 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  101 

word  of  recommendation  from  any  man  whatever."  He 
adds,  "  If  I  may  be  allowed  to  speak  the  truth, — I  shall  go 
on  to  say,  that  1  esteem  myself  not  much  less  happy  in  this 
his  son,  who  ministers  before  God  and  to  his  people,  not 
only  in  his  father's  place,  but  also  makes  good,  so  far  I  sup- 
pose, as  any  man  can,  his  father's  ground. — I  said,  I  es- 
teem myself  happy  in  him, — for  we  have  been  for  now 
more  than  20  years  past,  labouring  in  this  town,  (though 
not  properly  as  colleagues,  yet)  as  good  neighbours  and  cor- 
dial brethren ;  which,  let  others  think  as  meanly  of  as  they 
please,  yet,  we  look  upon  it  as  an  article  essential  to  the 
comfort  and  happiness  of  our  lives  : — And  I  do  the  rather 
make  mention  of  this  thing,  because  I  would  from  hence 
take  occasion,  both,  thankfully  to  acknowledge  the  smiles 
of  heaven  in  that  harmony  and  brotherly  love,  which  have 
hitherto  subsisted  between  us  ;  and  to  bewail  it,  that  there 
is  too  much  reason  to  think,  that  there  is  not  so  good  un- 
derstanding between  ministers  of  some  towns,  as  might  be 
wished  for. — Will  the  God  of  love  and  peace  be  pleased  to 
grant,  that  this  happy  union,  which  is  so  much  our  strength 
and  beauty,  may  be  preserved  and  established,  to  our  com- 
fort and  the  people's  edification  :  And  may  all  such  who 
are  the  people's  instructors,  and  especially  who  are  pastors 
in  the  same  town,  frequently  visit  each  other,  and  be  per- 
fectly joined  together  in  the  same  mind,  and  in  the  same 
judgment,  as  it  becomes  all  such,  who  not  only  serve  the 
same  master,  but  even  style  themselves  the  bridegroom's 
friends  and  ambassadors  for  Christ !"  Many  pleasant  anec- 
dotes characteristic  of  these  revereud  gentlemen,  are  still 
remembered  and  often  repeated. 

The  people,  for  70  years,  during  the  ministry  of  Mr. 
Barnard  and  of  his  father,  enjoyed  a  series  of  peace  and 
improvement  beyond  what  is  common. 

Mr.  Barnard  left  two  sons,  both  distinguished  clergy- 
9* 


102  niSTORV  OF  ANDOVER. 

men  in  tin  ministry,  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard  of  the  first 
church,  Salem  ;  and  Rev.  Edward  Barnard  of  Haverhill  ; 
and  one  daughter,  Sarah,  the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Tucker  of 
of  Newbury.  His  youngest  son,  John,  died  Oct.  1739,  aged 
16  years,  while  a  student  in  H.  College. 

Mr.  Barnard  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of 
Rev.  Timothy  Walker,  Concord,  N.  H.  A  Funeral  ser- 
mon of  Mr.  Abiel  Abbot,  1739.    Election  sermon  for  1746. 

He  preached  the  Convention  sermon,  2  Cor.  4:  1,  which 
was  not  published. 

Rev.  William  Symmes,  d.  d.,  a  descendant  of  Rev.  Zach- 
arias  S.  who  came  to  this  country  in  1635,  and  settled  in 
Charlestown,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Harv.  Coll.  1750,  where  he  was  a  Tutor  from  1755  to 
1758.  He  began  to  preach  in  the  north  parish  in  Ando- 
ver  soon  after  the  decease  of  Mr.  Barnard,  and  was,  on  the 
5th  of  December,  1757,  invited  to  settle  in  the  gospel  min- 
istry, and  the  third  Wednesday  of  March  following  was  ap- 
pointed for  his  ordination.  On  account  of  the  sickness  of 
Mr.  Symmes,  his  ordination  was  postponed  to  the  first  day 
of  November,  1758,  when  the  Rev.  Mr.  Appleton  of  Cam- 
bridge gave  the  charge,  Rev.  Mr.  Clark  of  Danvers  gave 
the  right  hand  of  fellowship,  Rev.  Mr.  Cook  of  Notomy, 
since  West  Cambridge,  preached  the  sermon,  and  Rev. 
Mr.  Parsons  of  Bradford,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Storer  of  Watertown 
assisted  in  prayer.  Dr.  Symmes  died  3d  of  May  1807; 
Dr.  Cumings  of  Billerica  preached  a  sermon  from  2  Cor. 
5:  1,  at  the  funeral. 

The  ministry  of  Dr.  Symmes  embraced  a  very  difficult 
and  eventful  period.  He  was  settled  during  the  French 
war.  Soon  after  the  peace  of  1763,  the  troubles  with  Great 
Britain  and  the  Colonies  commenced,  which  brought  on 
the  revolutionary  war-  During  this  war,  the  depreciation 
of  the  currency  and  the  pressure  on  the  people  rendered  it 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  108 

embarrassing  for  clergymen  to  support  their  families.  The 
Federal  Government  was  scarcely  organized  before  the 
commencement  of  the  French  revolution,  and  wars  in  Eu- 
rope, which  involved  this  country  into  parties,  and,  by  in- 
creasing the  demand  for  the  articles  of  living,  operated  un- 
favourably upon  all,  who  depended  upon  a  small  stipend 
for  maintenance.  The  nobleness  of  mind  with  which  he 
sustained  the  embarrassment,  may  be  seen  from  the  follow- 
ing transaction.  In  April  1780,  the  Parish  "voted  to 
raise  ^£1949  to  pay  the  deficiency  of  Rev.  Mr  Symmes's 
salary  since  the  depreciation  of  paper  money,  which  is 
esteemed  with  the  money  already  given  him,  equal  to  the 
£80  contracted,  to  the  commencement  of  the  present  year 
of  his  ministry." — "The  Rev.  W.  Symmes  gives  his  thanks 
to  the  parish  for  their  generous  vote,  and  relinquishes  one 
thousand  dollars  of  the  d£1940." 

During  his  ministry,  there  was  harmony  in  the  church, 
his  people  were  remarkably  united  ;  in  his  large  parish, 
there  were  no  sectaries.  His  parishioners  speak  of  him 
with  great  respect,  and  they  who  were  most  capable  of  ap- 
preciating his  talents  and  acquirements,  held  him  in  high 
estimation.  Harmony  and  good  fellowship  were  maintain- 
ed between  him  and  Mr.  French  of  the  south  parish  ;  they 
regulary  exchanged  labors  the  sabbath  after  the  annual  fast 
and  thanksgiving,  and  occasionally  at  other  times,  and 
kept  up  a  monthly  lecture  alternately  in  each  parish,  each 
supplying   the  other's  pulpit. 

Dr.  Symmes  was  a  good  scholar,  of  extensive  reading, 
and  an  able  divine.  He  devoted  himself  exclusively  to 
his  profession,  and  was  occupied  through  life  in  theological 
pursuits.  His  sermons  were  full  of  appropriate  thoughts, 
and  were  written  with  great  care  and  in  a  style  remarkably 
neat,  perspicuous  and  correct.  His  preaching  was  plain 
and   practical.      Subjects  of  controversy   were  not   often 


104  HISTORY    OF    ANDOVER. 

brought  into  the  pulpit,  or  treateJ  in  a  controversial  man- 
ner. He  did  not,  however,  omit  to  notice  the  prevailing 
errors  of  the  times.  His  discourses  were  not  delivered  with 
such  ease  and  fluency,  as  to  charm  and  captivate  the  great 
mass  of  hearers  ;  but  they  were  highly  valued  by  men  of 
cultivated  minds.  In  opinions  he  accorded  rather  with 
Arminius,  than  with  Calvin ;  and  with  Arius  rather  than 
Athanasius.  His  passions  were  irritable,  and  sensibility 
quick;  but  the  habit  of  self  command  was  seldom  violated. 
Many  trials  and  afflictions  were  his  lot  in  life,  which 
were  borne  with  christian  fortitude  and  resignation.  He 
was  modest  and  diffident,  and,  it  is  said,  could  never  di- 
vest himself  of  feelings  in  the  discharge  of  public  duty? 
which  often  embarrass  young  men,  when  entering^pn  the 
public  duties  of  the  sacred  profession.  He  was  a  strict  ob- 
server of  order  and  propriety.  He  was  about  the  middle 
size,  somewhat  corpulent  ;  when  dressed,  he  wore  a  white 
bush  wig,  which  was  the  fashion  of  clergymen  and  other 
gentlemen  who  entered  business  before  1760.  His  man- 
ners were  dignified,  but  easy  ;  He  was  hospitable  and  be- 
nevolent, and,  by  his  urbanity,  rendered  himself  agreeable 
to  strangers  and  others.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  pru- 
dence, his  sound  moral  principles,  his  unshaken  integrity 
and  irreproachable  conduct.  He  received  a  D.  D.  from  his 
Alma  Mater.  Il  is  a  matter  of  regret,  that  he  gave  a  strict 
injunction,  that  his  manuscripts  should  be  burned  immedi- 
ately after  his  death,  which  injunction  was  strictly  compli- 
ed with.  No  man  in  the  town  was  probably  so  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  history  of  its  settlement,  and  of  the 
early  settlers,  and  of  various  occurrences. 

Dr.  Symmes's  printed  publications  were,  a  Lecture  on 
Psalmody.  A  Thanksgiving  sermon,  1768,  Sermon  at  the 
General  Election,  1785.  He  preached  the  Dudleian  Lec- 
ture, 1786,  which  was  not  published. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.  105 

He  married,  in  1759,  Anna,  daughter  of  Rev.  Joshua 
Gee  of  Boston;  she  died  June  18,177*2.  They  had  five 
sons  and  four  daughters,  all  of  whom,  except  Daniel  and 
Mrs.  Cazeneau,  died  before  him. 

William,  a  counsellor  at  law,  died  at  Portland  Jan.  1807, 
in  the  46th  year  of  his  age,  not  having  been  tnarried.  Dan- 
iel, born  Oct.  1761,  went  to  the  southward  ;  Joshua  Gee,  a 
physician,  died  at  sea. 

Elizabeth  died  Aug.  1784,  aged  19  years.  Theodore,  a 
physician,  settled  in  Falmouth,  died  in  New  Gloucester. 

Anna  married  Mr.  Isaac  Cazeneau,  and  lives  in  Ando- 
ver.  Converse  died  young.  Lydia  and  Charlotte  were 
twins,  and  died  in  infancy,  Dec.  30,  1771. 

His  second  wife  was  Miss  Susannah  Powell,  who  died 
July  1807,  aged  79. 

Rev.  Samuel  Phillips,  the  first  minister  of  the  South 
Parish,  was  son  of  Samuel  Phillips,  Salem,  born  March  23, 
1658,  and  died,  Oct.  13,  17*22,  a  goldsmith,  who  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Phillips,  minister  of  Rowley,  and  grand- 
son of  Rev.  George  Phillips,  who  came  to  New  England  in 
1630,  and  was  the  first  minister  of  Watertown.  His  moth- 
er was  Mary,  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Emerson  of  Glouces- 
ter ;  he  was  born  Feb.  17,  1690,  O.  S  ;  began  to  preach  in 
Andover,  South  Parish,  April  1710,  and  was  ordained  Oct. 
]7,  1711.  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard,  Andover,  Rev.  E.  Pay- 
son,  Rowley,  Rev.  Joseph  Green,  Salem  Village,  and  Rev. 
Thomas  Symmes,  Bradford,  officiated  on  the  occasion.  He 
died  June  5,  1771,  in  the  82d  year  of  his  age,  and  the  62d 
of  his  ministry. 

Mr.  Phillips  was  endued  with  good  powers  of  mind,  and 
was  a  diligent,  faithful  and  useful  minister.  He  early  ac- 
quired the  habit  of  order,  industry,  and  economy  in  the 
management  of  all  his  affairs,  by  which  he  was  enabled  to 
accomplish  much  and  obtain   his  object.     Though  he  sa- 


> 


106 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVFR. 


credly  devoted  a  tenth  of  his  income  to  pious  and  charitable 
purposes,  and  his  salary  was  small,  yet  he  educated  his  fam- 
ily liberally  and  accumulated  a  large  estate.  In  his  opin- 
ions, he  was  a  Calvinist  of  the  old  school.  As  a  preacher, 
he  was  highly  respectable,  was  zealous,  and  endeavoured 
not  only  to  indoctrinate  his  people  in  sentiments  which  he 
deemed  correct  and  important,  but  to  lead  them  to  the 
practice  of  all  christian  duties.  Being  strongly  attached  to 
his  views  of  Christianity,  he  exerted  himself  to  defend  and 
propagate  them,  both  by  preaching  and  writing,  and  to 
guard  his  people  against  opinions  contrary  to  them.  His 
anxiety  on  this  subject  may  be  easily  seen  in  some  of  his 
last  publications.  His  labours  in  the  pulpit  were  protracted 
beyond  what  is  usuul  at  the  present  day.  His  hour  glass 
was  turned  at  the  commencement  of  his  sermon,  and  the 
last  sands  ran  out  before  its  conclusion.  It  was  his  prac- 
tice to  call  at  every  house  in  his  parish  at  least  once  in  a 
year,  and  he  often  carried  Madam  with  him  in  these  paro- 
chial visits.  They  usually  rode  together  on  the  same  horse, 
according  to  the  fashion  of  the  times.  He  had  much  in- 
fluence in  persuading  parents  to  attend  to  parental  duties 
and  household  worship.  The  people,  during  his  ministry, 
were  remarkably  united,  and  his  parish  was  free  from  sec- 
taries. Though  a  man  of  considerable  humour,  yet  there 
was  an  apparent  sternness,  which  caused  undue  fear  in  ma- 
ny of  his  people,  and  especially  in  the  young.  Constant  in- 
timacy and  fiiendship  were  maintained  with  the  ministers 
of  the  North  Parish;  and  many  pleasant  anecdotes  of  him 
and  the  younger  Barnard  are  remembered  and  often  repeat- 
ed. A  monthly  lecture  in  the  town,  preached  alternately 
in  each  parish,  was  commenced  in  their  ministry,  which 
was  continued  more  than  sixty  years.  Mr.  Phillips  was 
highly  respected  by  his  brethren  in  the  ministry,  and  was 
frequently  invited  to  preach  on  public  occasions.     His  pub- 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AND  PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS.       107 

lications  are  numerous ;   a  catalogue  of  some,  probably  not 
all  of  which,  follows  : 

A  Word  in  Season,  or  duty  of  a  people  to  take  the   oath 
of  allegiance  to  a  glorious  God,   1727. 

A'J vice  to  a  child,  1729. 

The  Orthodox  Christian  ;  or,  a  child  well  instructed. 

A  preface  to  Rev.  J.  Laniard's  funeral    sermon  of  Mr. 
Abiel  Abbot,  1739. 
Artillery  Election  sermon,  1741. 

Sermon  at  the  General  Election,  1750. 

Convention  Sermon,  1753. 

Sermon  after  the  great  earthquake,  1755. 

Sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  N   Holt,  1759. 

Sermon  at  the  Instalment  of  Rev.  S.  Chandler,  1759. 

Sermon  on  the  living  water  to  be  had  for  asking. 

Sermon  on  Suicide,  after  the  death  of  David  Gray,  1767. 

Sermon  on  the  sinner's  refusal  to  come  to  Christ  exam- 
ined. 

Sermon  on  the  necessity  of  God's  drawing,  in  order  to 
men's  coming  to  Christ. 

Serious  Address  to  young  people,  in  a  Dialogue. 

History  of  the  Saviour. 

Seasonable  Advice  to  a  Neighbour,  in  a  Dialogue,  1761. 

A  Sermon  to  Young  People,  1763. 

A  Discourse  on  Justification,  delivered  in  Boston,  1766. 

Mr.  Phillips  married  Miss  Hannah  White,  Haverhill, 
Jan.  7,  1712.  She  died  Jan.  11,  1773,  in  the  82d  year  of 
her  age.  Their  children  were  Mary,  born  11th  Dec.  1712, 
N.  S.;  died  5th  Dec.  1737  ;  married  to  J.  Appleton,  Haver- 
hill. Samuel,  born  Feb.  24,  1715,  Grad.  H.  U.  1734  ;  died 
Aug.  21,  1790,  Andover.  Lydia,  born  June  21,  1717;  died 
15th  Nov.  1749  ;  married  Dr.  Parker  Clark.  John,  born 
Jan.  7th  1720.  Grad.  H.  U.  1735;  died  Aug.  21,  1795, 
Exeter.     William,  born  July  0,  1722  ;  died  Jan.  1804,  mer- 


108  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

chant,  Boston.  His  apprenticeship  was  with  Mr.  E.  Broom- 
field,  an  eminent  merchant  in  Boston.  In  business,  he  was 
active,  exact,  enterprising  and  successful,  and  became  one  of 
the  most  opulent  merchants  in  the  United  States.  In  various 
municipal  offices,  he  was  faithful  and  useful.  He  zealous- 
ly opposed  the  oppressive  measures  of  the  British  govern- 
ment, and  was  one  of  the  committee  to  demand  of  Gov. 
Hutchinson,  that  the  tea  should  be  sent  back  to  England. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  revolution,  he  was  rejected 
as  a  counsellor  by  Gov.  Gage.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  for  forming  the  Constitution  of  the  Common- 
wealth, and  of  that  for  ratifying  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  contributed  by  his  practical  observations 
to  its  adoption.  He  was  frequently  a  useful  member  of  the 
legislature  in  the  House  and  Senate.  For  many  years,  he 
was  a  deacon  in  the  Old  South  Church,  Boston,  and  was 
esteemed  a  pious,  benevolent,  and  upright  man. 

In  L744,  he  married  Miss  Abigail  Broomneld.  Their 
son  William,  was  often  a  member  of  the  legislature  and 
Lt.  Gov.  a  number  of  years,  and  was  distinguished  for  his 
very  liberal  donations  to  pious  and  benevolent  institutions, 
and  for  the  encouragement  of  learning.  He  died  May 
1827,  aged  77.  Abigail  was  married  to  Josiah  Quincy,  jr. 
an  eloquent  lawyer  and  distinguished  patriot ;  whose  son  is 
Hon.  Josiah  Quincy,  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Boston.  Hannah 
married  Mr.  Samuel  Shaw.  Sarah  married  Mr.  Edward 
Dowse  of  Dedharn.* 

Rev.  Jonathan  French,  the  second  minister  of  the 
South  parish,  youngest  son  of  Deacon  Moses  and  Mrs.  Es- 
ther French  of  Braintree,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1740.  He 
enlisted  a  private  soldier  in  1757,  and  in  March  repaired 
to  Fort  Edward.  In  August  following,  he  was  scb.ed  with 
the  small   pox,  and  after  his  recovery,  with  fever  and  ague, 


*  See  Mr.  Wisner's  Sermon  on  the  death  of  Lt.  Gov.  Phillips. 


REV.  JONATHAN  FRENCH.  10$ 

and  being  unable  to  do  duty,  he  returned  home  in  October. 
Soon  after  his  return,  he  was  stationed  at  Castle  William, 
as  a  seargent.  In  the  absence  of  his  superior  officers, 
which  was  frequent,  the  care  of  the  garrison  devolved  on 
him  ;  he  had  also  charge  of  the  sutler's  store. 

While  at  Castle  William,  he  was  honored  with  the  ac- 
quaintance of  many  repectable  and  literary  friends  in  Bos- 
ton and  vicinity.  Having  a  fondness  for  books,  he  improv- 
ed his  leisure  time  in  reading  ;  devoting  his  attention  chief- 
ly to  the  study  of  surgery  and  physic.  Under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  surgeon  of  the  garrison,  and  by  the  friendly  aid 
of  Drs.  Whitworth  and  Jeffries,  he  made  considerable  pro- 
ficiency, and  had  so  much  the  confidence  of  the  faculty, 
that  the  medicines  and  the  sick  were  frequently  intrusted 
to  his  care.  He  was  resolute,  punctual,  and  faithful ;  and 
these  traits  of  character  were  continued  through  life. 

Though  advised  by  the  physicians  named  above  to  pur- 
sue his  medical  studies,  and  promised  aid  in  his  establish- 
ment in  Boston,  yet  encouraged  by  a  number  of  litera- 
ry friends,  he  resolved  to  obtain  a  collegiate  education. 
Messrs.  Davis  and  Phillips  directed  him  in  his  studies,  and 
several  gentlemen,  particularly,  Mr.  Barnard,  son  of  tho 
governor,  furnished  him  with  books.  He  continued  at 
Castle  William,  discharging  the  duties  of  his  station,  till 
ready  to  commence  his  residence  at  college.  On  the  last 
day  of  his  service  at  the  garrison,  he  waited  on  the  Gover- 
nor and  other  company,  as  commanding  officer  of  the  day, 
gave  up  his  commission,  presented  his  sword  to  his  succes- 
sor, repaired  to  Harvard  University,  became  subject  to  au- 
thority, and,  in  the  evening,  rung  the  bell  as  butler's  fresh- 
man. He  possessed  in  uncommon  degree,  the  confidence 
and  friendship  of  his  instructers  and  fellow  students,  and 
was  active  in  associations  for  improvement.  He  was  grad- 
uated in  1771,  and  continued  at  college  in  the  study  of 
theology. 

10 


110  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

After  preaching  some  time  in  Andover  S.  P.,  he  was 
invited  unanimously  to  settle  in  the  ministry,  and  was  or- 
dained 22d  Sept.  1772. 

He  devoted  himself  to  the  duties  of  his  station,  which 
he  discharged,  both  in  public  and  in  private,  with  assiduity 
and  success.  His  discourses  were  plain,  practical,  and  un- 
adorned. His  voice  was  pleasant,  strong  and  piercing  ; 
his  delivery  was  animated,  and  often  pathetic  ;  his  manner 
was  serious  and  solemn.      He  was  a  popular  preacher. 

He  was  serviceable  to  his  people  as  a  physician  ;  but 
his  attentions  in  this  respect,  with  the  medicines,  were 
gratuitous. 

He  was  a  friend  to  liberty  and  his  country,  and  did 
much  to  encourage  the  people  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
On  hearing  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  he  immediately 
took  his  gun  and  surgical  instruments  and  repaired  to  the 
army,  and  was  in  season  to  assist  in  dressing  the  wounded. 
He  always  considered  it  his  duty  to  use  his  privilege  in 
voting  for  the  officers  of  the  State  and  general  government. 

His  temper  and  sensibilities  were  quick  and  keen,  but 
he  had  them  under  control.  He  had  a  facility  of  impart- 
ing instruction  and  consolation  to  the  afflicted,  and  of  in- 
structing and  impressing  the  minds  of  the  young  in  his 
visits  to  the  schools,  and  in  his  catechetical  lectures/ 

He  was  hospitable,  cheerful,  and  benevolent,  was  be- 
loved and  esteemed  by  his  parishioners  and  a  large  circle 
of  acquaintance. 

He  was  an  active  and  useful  Trustee  of  Phillips  Aca- 
demy, was  greatly  desirous  of  promoting  good  learning  and 
morals,  and  assisted  gratuitously  by  his  books  and  instruc- 
tions, many  young  gentlemen  in  their  preparation  for  the 
ministry. 

Being  well  acquainted  with  human  nature,  his  advice 
and  assistance  in  composing  difficulties  were  frequently 


REV.  JONATHAN  FRENCH.  Ill 

sought  and  highly  valued.  During  his  ministry,  he  was 
invited  to  attend  seventy  eight  ecclesiastical  councils  for 
ordinations  and  other  purposes. 

His  religious  opinions  were  in  most  points  Calvinistic  ; 
but  he  was  candid  and  catholic  in  his  feelings  and  conduct, 
and  held  good  fellowship  with  his  brethren  of  widely  dif- 
ferent sentiments. 

He  died  suddenly  of  a  paralytic  affection,  July  28,1809, 
in  the  70th  year  of  his  age,  and  37th  of  his  ministry.  Rev. 
Mr.  Stone  of  Reading  preached  at  his  funeral  from  John 
14:  28. 

His  publications  were — Sermon  against  Extortion,  1777; 
at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  D.  Oliver,  Beverly,  1787;  at 
the  ordination  of  Rev.  Abiel  Abbot,  Haverhill,  1795;  at  the 
General  Election,  May  25,1796;  at  the  Anniversary  Thanks- 
giving, Nov.  29,  1798  ;  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  J.  Kendall, 
Plymouth,  1800;  at  the  ordination  of  his  son,  Rev.  Jona. 
French,  North  Hampton,  N.  H.  1801 ;  at  Evening  Lecture, 
Portsmouth,  1805;  Charge  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  E. 
Pearson,  ll.d.  Sept.  12,  1808. 

Mr.  French  was  married,  Aug.  26, 1773,  to  Miss  Abi- 
gail Richards.  She  died  Aug.  1821,  aged  79. — His  chil- 
dren were  Abigail,  born  29th  May  1776;  wife  of  Rev.  S. 
Stearns,  Bedford.  Jonathan,  born  16th  Aug.  1778  ;  min- 
ister of  North  Hampton,  N.  H.  Mary-Holyoke,  born  Aug. 
1781;  wife  of  Rev.  Mr.  Sperry,  Wenham.* 

The  first  seven  ministers  of  Andover  attained  nearly  the 
average  age  of  73  years.  The  first  minister  left  Andover, 
1647.  The  average  time  of  the  ministry  of  the  other  six 
was  about  44  years.  An  unusual  length  of  life  and  of  min- 
istry. 

*  See  Rev.  Mr.  Alden's  Memoir  of  Rev.  Mr.  French, 


CHAP,  VI. 

EDUCATION-SCHOOLS-- ACADEMIES- 
INSTITUTION. 

The  early  settlers  of  New  England  well  understood  the 
importance  of  knowledge  and  education.  Many  of  the  fa- 
thers of  Massachusetts  were  well  educated,  and  they  exert- 
ed themselves  to  found  a  college,  and  to  encourage  schools 
to  the  utmost  of  their  ability.  The  great  mass  of  settlers, 
engaged  in  providing  themselves  and  families  with  food  and 
dwellings,  could  not  be  expected  to  do  much  in  their  plan- 
tations besides  supporting  the  gospel  and  maintaining  relig- 
ious and  moral  instruction. 

The  Legislature,  in  1647,  considering  the  great  impor- 
tance of  a  general  diffusion  of  knowledge,  made  provision 
for  free  schools,  by  ordering  that  every  township  of  fifty  fam- 
lies  shall  provide  a  school,  in  which  children  may  be  taught 
to  read  and  write  ;  and  that  every  town  of  a  hundred  fami- 
lies shall  maintain  a  grammar  school,  in  which  youth  may 
be  prepared  for  college  ;  to  which  another  law  was  added, 
in  1683,  providing  that  every  township,  of  more  than  five 
hundred  families,  should  maintain  two  grammar  schools  and 
two  writing  schools  ;  a  burthen,  which,  considering  the 
feeble  means  of  the  colony,  and  the  dark  period  when  it 
was  assumed,  was  no  doubt  vastly  greater,  than  any  similar 
burthen  that  has  been  borne  since  ;  and  when  compared 
with  the  present  wealth  of  the  State,  greater  than  any  one 
of  its  civil  expenses.  It  is  a  singular  fact  too,  that  no  legal 
requisitions  made  since,  have,  even  in  name  and  form,  come 


EDUCATION — SCHOOLS.  113 

up  to  this  noble  standard  established   by  our  poor  and   suf- 
fering forefathers  in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century.* 

In  1701,  it  was  voted,  that  a  convenient  school  house  be 
erected  at  the  parting  of  the  ways,  by  Joseph  Wilson's,  to 
be  20  feet  long  and  16  feet  wide  ;  and  the  selectmen  were 
directed  to  employ  a  grammar  school  master  from  year  to 
year.  Soon  after  the  division  of  the  town,  the  grammar 
school  was  kept  alternately  in  each  parish.  In  1714  a 
school  house  was  built  by  the  South  parish,  22  feet  by  16, 
and  6  feet  stud. 

Schools  for  small  children  were  maintained  by  subscrip 
tion  in  various  parts  of  the  town,  and  kept  by  females. 

For  many  years  after  the  grammar  school  was  support- 
ed, it  does  not  appear  that  other  schools  were  provided  for 
by  assessing  the  town. 

In  1753,  £25  were  raised  for  reading  and  writing.  In 
1755,  £45  for  the  grammar,  and  £35  for  other  schools. 
In  1757,  £35  for  grammar  and  £15  for  other  schools.  In 
1758,  six  schools  were  voted  for  the  outskirts,  1^  miles 
from  the  centre;  and  £35  for  grammar,  and  £10  for  oth- 
er schools, — and  the  same  sums  for  the  year  following. 
From  1760  to  1771,  £40  for  grammar  and  £15  for  other 
schools.  From  1771  to  1777,  £40  for  grammar  and  £25  for 
other  schools.  From  1783,  to  1785,  ,£80  were  raised  for 
schools  The  maintaining  of  the  grammar  school  has  been 
neglected  from  this  period  to  the  present  time.  From  1783 
to  1790,  .£90  were  raised  for  schools ;  1791-4,  ,£100 ;  1795, 
£120  ;  1796-7,  £200.  In  1795,  the  town  was  divided  in- 
to  twelve  districts  for  schools,  and  the  money  raised  was 
proportioned  to  each  district  according  to  the  number  of 
fanvlijs.  There  were  at  that  time  401  families  in  the 
town.     From  1798  to  1805,  the   sum   raised   was  $800. — 

*  North  American  Review,  No.  45,  p.  453. 

10* 


114  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

1806  to  1819,  $1200.-1820  to  1825,  $1300.  About  two 
thirds  of  the  money  are  appropriated  for  winter  schools 
taught  by  masters,  and  one  third  for  summer  schools  taught 
by  females. 

The  late  law  of  the  Commonwealth  will  tend  much  to  the 
improvement  of  schools,  by  increasing  the  qualifications  of 
instructers,  by  producing  a  uniformity  of  the  most  suitable 
school  books,  and  by  encouragement  given  to  instructers 
and  schools,  by  regular  visits  and  reports  of  the  schools. 

PHILLIPS  ACADEMY. 

Phillips  Academy  was  founded,  April  21,  1778,  by  Hon. 
Samuel  Phillips,  Andover,  and  Hon.  John  Phillips,  Exeter, 
sons  of  Rev.  Samuel  Phillips. 

The  property  originally  transferred  to  twelve  Trustees 
by  the  founders,  consisted  of  141  acres  of  land  with  the 
buildings  upon  it,  in  Andover,  and  200  acres  in  Jaffrey,  N. 
H.,  and  .£1614,  or  $5,380;  the  income  from  the  lands 
and  money  was  to  be  forever  appropriated  and  expended 
for  the  support  of  a  public  free  school,  or  Academy,  in  the 
South  Parish  of  Andover. 

The  first  object  of  this  institution  is  declared  to  be  the 
promotion  of  true  piety  and  virtue;  the  2d,  instruction  in 
the  English,  Latin,  and  Greek  languages,  together  with 
writing,  arithmetic,  music,  and  the  art  of  speaking  ;  the 
3d,  practical  geometry,  logic,  and  geography  ;  and  the  4th, 
such  other  of  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  or  languages, 
as  opportunity  and  ability  may  hereafter  admit  and  the 
Trustees  shall  direct. 

The  constitution  of  this  academy  was  formed  by  Hon. 
Samuel  Phillips  jr.  when  only  21  years  of  age.  By  his  so- 
licitations, his  father  and  uncle  bestowed  the  large  sums, 
by  which  both  academies,  at  Andover  and  Exeter  were  so 


PHILLIPS  ACADEMY.  115 

liberally  endowed.     Of  this  property  he  was  the  natural  and 
presumptive  heir. 

April  28,  1778,  was  the  first  meeting  of  the  Trustees, 
and  the  board  was  organized.  At  this  time  Mr.  Eliphalet 
Pearson  was  appointed  Instructer  by  the  founders.  The 
school  was  opened  April  30, 1778,  under  the  instruction  and 
government  of  Mr.  Pearson  and  Joseph  Mottey  assistant. 

An  act  of  incorporation  was  obtained,  Oct.  4th,  1780. 
In  the  first  building  there  were  accommodations  for  sixty 
students. 

January  30th,  1786,  a  new  building,  erected  by  Hon. 
S.  Phillips  and  his  two  brothers,  John  of  Exeter,  and 
William  of  Boston,  was  occupied.  One  room  below  was 
appropriated  for  a  school-room,  containing  seats  and  boxes 
for  100  pupils.  Two  other  rooms  were  for  library,  muse- 
um, recitations.  The  upper  story  was  a  spacious  hall  for 
speaking  and  exhibitions.  This  building  was  consumed  by 
fire,  Jan.  18J8.      The  books  were  principally  preserved. 

An  elegant  brick  building  80  feet  long  and  40  feet 
wide,  two  stories,  was  erected  the  following  season. 

In  1789,  Hon.  John  Phillips  gave  this  Seminary  the 
further  sum  of  $20,000  for  the  virtuous  and  pious  educa- 
tion of  youths  of  genius  and  serious  dispositions.  In  his  last 
will  also,  he  bequeathed  one  third  part  of  all  the  estate  of 
which  he  died  possessed,  for  the  benefit,  more  especially  of 
charity  scholars,  such  as  may  be  of  excelling  genius  and 
good  moral  character  ;  and  for  the  assistance  of  youths  lib- 
erally educated,  and  designed  for  the  ministry.  To  this 
last  fund,  the  Hon.  William  Phillips  of  Boston  bequeathed 
$4,000,  for  the  same  pious  design.  » 

The  late  Lieut.  Gov.  William  Phillips  left  a  legacy  of 
$15,000  to  this  Academy,  which  has  been  appropria- 
ted for  the  support  of  an  English  High  School ;  and  of 
$10,000  to  the  Theological  Institution. 


116  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

This  is  one  of  the  earliest,  and  best  endowed,  institu- 
tions of  the  kind  in  this  country.  It  has  been  conducted 
according  to  the  design  of  the  noble  founders,  and  has 
been  eminently  useful  to  the  public.  The  cause  of  litera- 
ture and  virtue  has  been  greatly  assisted  and  promoted  by 
this  Semiuary ;  and  the  community  will  ever  have  reason 
to  honor  the  memory  of  the  liberal  founders. 

The  Academy  has  always  been  provided  with  one  prin- 
cipal and  one  assistant  instructer,  and  others  have  been 
employed,  whenever  the  circumstances  of  the  school  re- 
quired. 

TRUSTEES  OF  PHILLIPS  ACADEMY. 

Accessus.  Exit.  vel.  ex.  rff.  deces* 

1778     *  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips  a.  m.  1791 

*  Hon.  John  Phillips  ll.  d.  1795 

*  Hon.  William  Phillips  1802 

*  Hon.  Oliver  Wendell  a.  m.  1818 

*  Hon.  John  Lowell  ll.  d.  1K02 

*  Rev.  Josiah  Stearns  a.  m.  1781 

*  Rev.  Elias  Smith  a.  m.  1793 

*  Rev.  William  Symmes  d.  d.  1795 

*  Rev.  Jonathan  French  a.  m.  1809 

*  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips  ll.  d.  1802 
Rev.  Eliphalet  Pearson  ll.  d.  1826 


• 


*  Mr.    Nehemiah  Abbot  1808 


1781  *  Rev.  David  Tappan  d.  d.  1803 

1786  *  Ebenezer  Pemberton  ll.  d.  ex  off.  1793 

1791  *  Hon.  William  Phillips  1827 

1795               *  Samuel  Abbot  Esq.  1808 
1795                   Mark  Newman  a.  m. 

1795  *  Rev.  Jedidiah  Morse  d.  d.  1826 

1795  *  Hon.  Jacob  Abbot  1801 

1801  *  Hon.  John  Phillips  a.  m.  (Andover)  1820 

1802  *  Hon.  John  Phillips  a.  m.  (Boston)  1823 
1802  Hon.  Josiah  Quincy  ll.  d.  1828 


PHILLIPS  ACADEMY.  117 

1802  Samuel  Farrar  a.  m. 

1804         Rev.  Daniel  Dana  d.  d. 

1809  Rev.  Abiel  Holmes  d.  d.  ll.  d. 

1810  John  Adams  a.  m.  ex.  off. 

1811  Samuel  H.  Walley  Esq. 
1820  Hon.  Jonathan  Phillips  a.  m. 
1820  Rev.  Justin  Edwards  d.  d. 
1823  Hon.  Samuel  Hubbard  ll.  d. 
1826  Rev.  John  H.  Church  d.  d. 

1826  Rev.  Benjamin  B.  Wisner  d.  d. 

1827  Hon.  William  B.  Banister  a.  m. 

Principal  Inst  meters. 

1778  *  Rev.  Eliphalet  Pearson  ll.  d.  1786 

1786  Ebenezer  Pemberton  ll.  d.  1793 

1795  Mark  Newman  a.  m.  1809 

1810  John  Adams  a.  m. 

Rev.  Eliphalet  Pearson  l  l.  d.  was  born  in  Byefield, 
Newbury,  June  1752,  grad.  H.  U.  1773;  studied  Theology 
and  became  a  preacher.  He  resided  in  Andover  at  the 
commencement  of  hostilities  in  1775,  taught  the  grammar 
school,  and  was  the  first  to  collect  and  prepare  saltpetre  from 
earth  taken  from  under  the  floors  of  barns  and  other  build- 
ings, for  the  use  of  the  powder  mill  just  built  by  S.  Phil- 
lips jr.  Esq.  He  was  appointed  the  first  instructer  of  Phil- 
lips Academy.  Under  his  direction  it  was  organized  and 
obtained  a  high  reputation.  He  was  an  active  and  useful 
Trustee  from  its  foundation  to  his  death.  In  1786,  he  was 
elected  professor  of  Hebrew  and  other  oriental  languages 
and  of  the  English  language  in  Harvard  University.  The  du- 
ties of  this  station  were  discharged  with  ability  and  great  use- 
fulness, during  twenty  years,  the  last  six  of  which  he  was  a 
Fellow  of  the  College,  and  exerted  himself  to  promote  its  in- 
terest and  improvement.  In  1806  he  resigned  his  connexion 
with  the  University,  and  soon  after  removed  to  Andover. 
Here  he  was  soon  engaged   in  organizing  the  Theological 


118  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Institution,  and  was  active  and  persevering  in  uniting  the 
Associate  founders  with  thf  se  of  Andover,  who  were  project- 
ing a  similar  Institution  at  Newbury.  This  object  was  ef- 
fected chiefly  by  his  eff  >rts,  and  has  contributed  very  much 
to  the  enlargement  and  usefulness  of  the  Seminary.  At  its 
organization  in  1808,  he  was  inducted  into  the  office  of  As- 
sociate Professor  of  sacred  literature,  to  the  duties  of  which 
he  faithfully  applied  himself.  In  1809,  he  resigned  his 
professorship,  and  continued  to  reside  in  Andover,  exerting 
his  influence  in  favour  of  the  Academy  and  Institution. 
On  the  death  of  E.  Bromfield  Esq.  in  1820,  he  removed 
to  Harvard.  Soon  after  his  removal  to  this  place,  he 
became  infirm.  He  died  at  Greenland,  N.  H.  while  on  a 
visit  to  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Abbot,  Sept.  12,  1826,  aged  74. 
He  was  honored  with  L  L.  D.  from  Yale  and  New  Jersey 
Colleges ;  was  early  associated  with  the  American  Academy 
and  with  the  Historical  Society,  and  was  an  active  member 
of  other  societies  for  benevolent,  moral  and  religious  pur- 
poses. 

His  life  was  spent  in  literary  pursuits  and  in  promoting 
literary  and  benevolent  institutions.  He  maintained  a 
good  reputation  as  a  scholar  among  his  contemporaries ; 
and  did  much  as  an  instructer  to  promote  good  taste  and 
correct  literature,  and  to  raise  higher  the  standard  of  edu- 
cation and  classic  learning.  Much  ought  to  be  attributed 
to  him  as  an  instructer  in  advancing  the  cause  of  educa- 
tion by  urging  a  more  thorough  and  accurate  preparation 
for  college,  and  by  greater  attention  to  the  elementary 
parts  of  knowledge  and  laying  a  good  foundation  for  con- 
tinued improvement.  As  an  instructer  he  excelled  in  ac- 
curacy, thorough  instruction,  in  preserving  order,  in  form- 
ing his  pupils  to  habits  of  diligence,  punctuality,  sincerity, 
and  attention  to  their  moral  conduct.  He  was  particularly 
attentive  in  forming  their  manners  and  their  minds  to  the 


THEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTION.  119 

Jove  and  practice  of  piety  and  virtue.  He  pursued  with 
great  ardor  and  perseverance  whatever  he  undertook. 

Dr.  Pearson  published  a  lecture  after  the  death  of  Pres- 
ident Willard  ;  a  sermon  before  the  Society  for  promoting 
christian  knowledge  ;  a  sermon  at  the  funeral  of  Madam 
Phillips;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  E.  Abbot 
at  Greenland,  N.  H.  &c. 

He  married  Miss  Priscilla,  daughter  of  President  Hoi- 
yoke,  who  died  leaving  one  daughter,  Mary  Holyoke,  now 
wife  of  Rev.  Ephraim  Abbot.  He  married  for  a  second 
wife  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  E.  Bromfield  Esq.  by  whom 
he  left  two  sons  and  one  daughter  ;  Margaret,  wife  of  Rev. 
I.  H.  T.  Blanchard  ;  Edward,  on  the  estate  at  Harvard  ; 
Henry-Bromfield,  attorney  at  law,  Philadelphia. 

It  is  much  regretted,  that  a  memoir  of  Dr.  Pearson  hat 
not  been  given  to  the  public. 

THEOLOGICAL.    INSTITUTION. 

In  conformity  with  the  design  of  Hon.  John  Phillips 
and  Hon.  William  Phillips  in  their  donations  for  assisting 
students  of  Divinity,  the  Trustees  of  Phillips  Academy,  in 
June  1807,  obtained  liberty  from  the  Legislature  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, to  receive  and  hold  donations  for  the  purpose 
of  a  Theological  Institution,  intended  to  furnish  a  profes- 
sional education,  to  youths  destined  for  the  christian  min- 
istry. In  consequence  of  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  Mrs. 
Phebe  Phillips,  relict,  and  Hon.  John  Phillips,  son  of  the 
late  Lieut.  Gov.  Samuel  Phillips,  obligated  themselves,  the 
following  August,  to  erect,  with  all  convenient  despatch,  two 
buildings ;  one  for  the  accommodation  of  students,  the 
other  for  the  steward. 

At  the  same  time  and  by  the  same  instrument,  Sam- 
uel Abbot  Esq.  of  Andover  gave  to  the  trustees  20,000 
dollars,  as  a  lund  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  a  professor 


120  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

of  Christian  Theology,  and  for  the  support  and  encourage- 
ment of  students  in  Divinity.  These  donations  are  to  be 
forever  appropriated  and  applied  by  the  Trustees  for  the 
use  and  endowment  of  a  Theological  Institution  in  Phil- 
lips Academy,  described  by  the  Donors,  and  regulated  by 
their  statutes. 

On  the  21st  March,  1808,  Moses  Brown  Esq.  and  Hon. 
William  Bartlet,  both  of  Neburyport,  gave,  the  former 
$10,000,  and  the  latter  $30,000,  and  Hon.  John  Norris, 
$10,000  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  two  professors  in  the 
Theological  Institution  ;  and  also,  for  the  maintenance  of 
such  students  in  Divinity,  as  should  be  proper  candidates 
for  gratuitous  support. 

A  board  of  three  Visitors  was  unitedly  appointed  by 
the  original  and  associate  founders  of  the  Theological  In- 
stitution, for  the  purpose  of  seeing  their  intentions  execut- 
ed.    This  board  elects  its  own  successors. 

As  qualifications  for  admission  into  the  Institution,  the 
Constitution  requires  a  liberal  education,  and  testimonials 
of  a  good  character  and  talents.  The  course  of  education 
is  completed  in  three  years  ;  and  accordingly,  the  students 
are  divided  into  three  classes,  Junior,  Middle,  and  Senior. 
Tuition  is  free  of  expense  to  all,  and  the  charity  funds 
give  entire  support  to  such  as  are  indigent. 

The  Institution  was  opened  in  October  1808  for  the 
reception  of  students,  and  thirty  six  received  instruction 
the  first  year. 

The  Library  contains  about  6,000  or  7,000  volumes, 
selected  with  particular  reference  to  the  use  of  the  Theo- 
logical Institution. 

There  are  four  Professors,  one  of  Sacred  Literature,  one 
of  Christian  Theology,  one  of  Sacred  Rhetoric,  and  one 
of  Ecclesiastical  History.  Public  instruction  is  given  in 
these  and  other  branches  of  Theology,  and  courses  of  lec- 
tures to  the  classes  separately  by  each  of  the  Professors. 


THEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTION.  121 

A  public  examination  is  held  on  the  fourth  Wednesday 
of  September.  There  are  two  vacations  of  5  weeks  each, 
one  commencing  after  the  examination,  and  the  other  on 
the  last  Wednesday  in  April. 

Public  worship  on  the  Sabbath  was  attended  by  the 
Academy  and  Institution  in  the  meeting  house  in  the 
South  parish  with  the  congregation  till  1816,  when  a 
church  was  organized,  and  public  worship  has  since  been 
performed  in  the  chapel  of  the  Institution. 

On  the  20th  Aug.  1816,  the  following  Creed  and  Cove- 
nant were  approved  by  the  Trustees  as  the  Creed  and 
Covenant  of  the  Church  in  the  Institution. 

"  We  believe  in  the  existence  of  one  true  Cod,  Father, 
Son,  and  Holy  Ghost ;  that  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testament  were  given  by  divine  inspiration,  and  con- 
tain the  only  perfect  rule  of  faith  and  practice  ;  in  the  fall 
of  man,  and  in  his  entire  moral  depravity  ;  the  necessi- 
ty of  an  atonement,  and  of  our  being  renewed  in  the  spirit 
of  our  minds;  the  doctrines  of  repentance  toward  God,  and 
of  faith  toward  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ;  of  sanctification  by 
the  Holy  Spirit,  of  justification  by  the  free  grace  of  God, 
through  the  redemption,  that  is  in  Jesus  Christ ;  in  the 
doctrine  of  a  general  resurrection  and  future  judgment, 
in  the  everlasting  blessedness  of  the  righteous,  and  the 
endless  punishment  of  the  finally  impenitent ;  and  gener- 
ally, in  the  principles  of  religion  contained  in  the  Assem- 
bly's Shorter  Catechism. 

"  Acknowledging  our  infinite  obligations  to  be  the 
Lord's,  we  desire,  in  sincerity  of  heart,  and  with  a  deep 
sense  of  our  unworthiness,  to  lay  hold  on  his  holy  and  ever- 
lasting covenant. 

"  We  give  up  ourselves  to  God  the  Father,  as  our  God, 
our  Father,  and  our  eternal  portion. 

*  We  give  up  ourselves  to  the   blessed  Jesus,  the  Re- 
11 


122  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

deemer  and  Head  of  the  Church,  as  our  Prophet,  Priest, 
and  King ;    and  rely  upon  him  alone  for  salvation. 

"  We  give  up  ourselves  to  the  Holy  Spirit,  and  rely  up- 
on him  for  sanctification,  guidance,  and  comfort. 

"  Depending  on  divine  grace  for  assistance,  we  hereby 
solemnly  and  unitedly  bind  ourselves  to  glorify  God  by  a 
faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  of  sobriety,  righteousness, 
and  godliness,  and  by  a  diligent  observance  of  all  his  com- 
mandments and  ordinances.  We  particularly  engage  to 
walk  together  as  a  Church  of  Christ,  faithfully  attending 
the  public  worship  of  God,  the  sacraments  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament, the  discipline  of  his  kingdom,  and  all  his  sacred 
institutions,  in  connexion  with  one  another,  and  watchful- 
ly avoiding  whatever  is  contrary  to  purity,  peace,  and  love, 
as  becomes  the  followers  of  the  meek  and  lowly  Jesus. 

"  All  this  we  do,  flying  to  the  blood  of  the  everlasting 
covenant  for  the  pardon  of  our  sins,  and  beseeching  the 
glorious  God  to  prepare  and  strengthen  us  for  every  good 
work  to  do  his  will,  working  in  us  that,  which  is  well  pleas- 
ing in  his  sight,  through  Jesus  Christ ;  to  whom  be  glory, 
dominion,  and  praise  forever  and  ever.     Amen." 

Besides  public  worship  on  the  Sabbath,  and  morning 
and  evening  prayers  in  the  chapel,  the  professors  and  stu- 
dents have  other  religious  exercises  among  themselves. 
There  are  several  societies,  also,  among  the  students,  for 
promoting  improvement  in  various  ways. 

The  Theological  Institution  has  a  pleasant,  healthy  and 
elevated  situation,  which  commands  a  handsome  and  ex- 
tensive prospect.  The  buildings  consist  of  a  dwelling 
house  for  each  of  the  professors  ;  a  steward's  house  and 
dining  hall ;  Phillips  Hall,  of  brick,  90  feet  by  40,  four 
stories,  containing  32  rooms  for  students,  built  in  1808; 
Bartlet  Chapel,  an  elegant  brick  building,  94  feet  by  40, 
containing  a  chapel,  library  and  three  lecture  rooms,  built 


THEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTION.  123 

in  1818 ;  and  Bartlet  Hall,  a  very  elegant  brick  building, 
104  feet  by  40,  containing  32  suits  of  rooms,  completely  fur- 
nished, presented  by  Mr.  Bartlet,  September  1821. 

Founders  of  the  Institution  ;  Mrs.  Phebe  Phillips,  her 
son  Hon.  John  Phillips,  and  Samuel  Abbot,  Esq. — Asso- 
ciate Founders  ;  Hon.  William  Bartlet,  Moses  Brown,  Esq. 
and  Hon.  John  Norris. — Visitors;  *  Samuel  Abbot  Esq. 
Hon.  William  Bartlet,  *  Moses  Brown  Esq.  *  Hon.  John 
Norris,  *  Samuel  Spring,  d.  d.,  *  Timothy  Dwight,  d.  d., 
George  Bliss,  ll.  d.,  Calvin  Chapin,  d.  d.,  *  Samuel  Wor- 
cester, d.  d.3  Jeremiah  Day,  d.  d.,  Hon.  William  Reed. 

PROFESSORS. 

Sacred  Literature. 
1808     Rev.  Eliphalet  Pearson  ll.  d. 

Associate  Professor.    Resigned  1809. 

1810     Rev.  Moses  Stuart  a.  m. 

Associate  Professor. 

Christian  Theology. 

1808  Rev.  Leonard  Woods  d.  d. 

Abbot  Professor. 

Sacred  Rhetoric 

1809  Rev.  Edward  Dorr  Griffin  d.  d. 

Bartlet  Professor.     Resigned  1811. 

1812     Rev.  Ebenezer  Porter  d.  d. 

Barlet  Professor. 

1819     Rev.  James  Murdock  d.  d. 

Brown  Professor. 

Ecclesiastical  History. 
18*24     Rev.  James  Murdock  d.  d. 

Brown  Professor. 


North  Parish  Free  School  was  incorporated  June 
1801,  and  took  the  name  of  Franklin  Academy  by  act  of 
Court  in  1803.  A  convenient  building  was  erected  by  sub- 
scription, and  constant  instruction  has  been  given  to  males 
and  females. 


124 


HISTORY  OP  ANBOVER. 


The  school  has  been  highly  beneficial  to  the  North  par- 
ish and  to  those  youth  who  have  enjoyed  its  advantages.  In 
1827  the  female  department  was  removed  to  another  build- 
ing and  has  been  conducted  with  success.  The  Classical 
School,  taught  the  eight  preceding  years  by  Mr.  Simeon 
Putnam,  has  been  constantly  and  deservedly  rising  in  repu- 
tation for  thorough  instruction  and  moral  discipline.  The 
school  is  enlarged,  and  Rev.  Cyrus  Pierce,  an  experienced 
and  faithful  teacher,  is  associated  in  the  charge  of  it  with 
Mr.  Putnam.  Its  reputation  is  inferior  to  none,  and  has 
never  been  more  flourishing  than  at  the  present  time. 


A  list  of  natives  and  of  softs  of  residents  in  Andover,  who 
have  received  a  collegiate  education. 

1723.  *Isaac  Abbot,  son  of  Capt.  George  Abbot,  and 
grandson  of  George  Abbot  a  first  settler,  was  a  trader,  a 
deacon  of  the  south  church  44  years,  read  the  psalm,  line  by 
line,  which  was  discontinued  about  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  an  upright  man,  useful  citizen,  and  devout  chris- 
tian. He  died  Aug.  9,  1784,  in  the  86th  year  of  his  age, 
leaving  one  son,  dea.  Isaac,  and  two  daughters,  Mrs.  Phe- 
be,  wife  of  Capt.  II.  Abbot,  and  Mrs.  Sarah,  wife  of  Mr. 
Timothy  Abbot,  who  are  still  living. 

1737.  *Abiel  Abbot,  son  of  dea.  John  A.,  designed  for 
the  ministry,  was  a  good  scholar,  and  promising  young  man. 
He  died  May  29,  1739,  aged  23  years.t 

1784.  John  Abbot,  son  of  Capt.  John  Abbot,  born  April 
8,  1759,  was  Tutor  in  H.  U.  five  years,  Prof,  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  languages  in  Bowdoin  College  from  1802  to  1816, 
and  is  Treasurer  and  Agent  of  the  College. 

1784.  *  Samuel  Abbot,  son  of  George  Abbot  Esq. 
merchant,  Saco,  Me.  married  a   daughter   of  Col.  Thomas 

f  See  Rev.  J.  Barnard's  funeral  sermon. 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  125 

Cutts.     He  died  May  8,  1792,  in  the  32d  year  of  his  age, 
leaving  two  sons,  who  died  in  early  life. 

1787.  *William  Lovejoy  Abbot,  son  of  Mr.  Nehemiah 
Abbot,  was  a  physician  in  Haverhill.  He  died,  April  1798, 
aged  33  years. 

1788.  Benjamin  Abbot,  L  L.  D.  son  of  Capt.  John  Abbot, 
born  Sept.  17,  1762,  Principal  of  Phillips  Exeter  Academy, 
from  1788  to  the  present  time. 

1792.  *Abiel   Abbot,  D.  D.  son  of  Capt.  John  Abbot, 
born  Aug.  17,  1770.     His  father  having  educated  two  sons 
was  desirous  to   establish  him   upon  a   farm  ;  but  he  could 
not  be  dissuaded  from  his  purpose  of  obtaining   a  collegiate 
education.    His  preparatory  studies  for  College  were  at  Phil- 
lips Academy,  under  direction  of  Dr.  Pemberton,  of  whose 
assiduity  in  promoting  the  improvement  of  his  pupils  he  ev- 
er retained  a  most  grateful  sense.     He  passed  through   his 
collegiate  course  with   high  reputation  as  a  scholar,  with- 
out stain  or  censure.     One  year  was  spent  as   Assistant  to 
his  brother  in   Exeter   Academy  ;  and   the  greater  part  of 
the  year  following  the  Academy  at  Andover  was  under  his 
care  ;  of  this  he  might  have  been  established  as  principal ; 
but  he  preferred   the  gospel  ministry,  for   which   he  had  a 
strong  predilection.     The  time  he  spent  in  instruction  ren- 
dered  him  more  accurate  in  elementary  learning  and  more 
familiar  with  the  youthful  mind,  and  enabled  him  to  render 
important  service  to  the  town  schools  and  to  the   youth  of 
his  parish.     He  began  to  preach  in  1795,  and  was  ordain- 
ed pastor  of  the  first  congregational  society  in  Haverhill  in 
June  of  the  same  year,    being  the  first  place   at  which  he 
preached  as  a  candidate.     After  eight  years  usefully  and 
happily  spent  with   an  affectionate  people,  to  whom  he  was 
extremely  endeared,  inadequate  support  and  a  growing  fam- 
ily rendered  it  an  imperative  duty,  as  it  seemed  to  him,  re- 
luctantly to  ask  a  separation  from  a  beloved  people.  It  was 
11* 


126  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

with  equal  reluctance  granted.  Application  for  his  servi- 
ces was  immediately  made  by  the  first  parish  in  Beverly, 
where  he  was  installed  Dec.  14,  1803.  Here  he  ministered 
with  success,  and  with  little  interruption,  till  the  summer  of 
1818,  when  his  health  was  much  impaired  ;  by  advice  of 
physicians,  he  spent  the  winter  and  spring  following  in 
S.  C,  at  Charleston  and  vicinity.  He  returned  by  land  with 
health  much  improved.  He  performed  his  professional  duties 
with  much  diligence  and  success,  till  the  autumn  of  1827, 
when,  by  advice  of  physicians,  he  sought  a  milder  climate 
for  the  winter,  which  was  chiefly  spent  in  Cuba.  This  is- 
land he  left  with  health  in  good  degree  restored,  and 
preached  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  the  first  sabbath  in  June, 
which  he  left  the  next  day  in  good  spirits  and  apparently 
in  good  health.  On  Tuesday  he  was  ill,  but  not  dangerous- 
ly so,  as  was  thought  by  himself  and  others.  On  Saturday, 
just  as  the  vessel  was  coming  to  anchor  near  Staten  Island 
N.  Y.  he  expired.  He  was  interred  in  the  cemetery  on  Sta- 
ten Island. 

Dr.  Abbot  seems  to  have  been  endowed  by  nature  and 
early  culture  with  a  singular  combination  of  qualities  pe- 
culiarly adapted  to  the  ministry.  His  was  an  active  well 
balanced  mind.  His  great  object  was  to  be  useful.  For 
this  purpose  he  cultivated  his  talents  and  paid  attention  to 
some  things,  which  would  be  of  smaller  consideration,  ex- 
cept to  render  him  usefnl. 

His  mind  was  early  impressed  by  parental  instruction 
to  breathe  its  devout  aspirations  to  his  heavenly  Father. 
His  youthful  piety  accompanied  him  as  the  guardian  of  his 
innocence  during  the  period  of  his  education;  he  was  em- 
inently devout  through  lire,  and  remarkably,  beyond  most 
of  his  brethren,  gifted  in  prayer.  He  was  peculiarly  hap- 
py in  the  readiness  and  pertinency  with  which  he  adapted 
his  devotions  to  occasions  and  emergencies. 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES. 


127 


The  discourses  and  publications  of  Dr.  Abbot  bore  the 
stamp  of  a  mind  imbued  with  the  savour  of  classical  stud- 
ies, familiar  with  the  best  models  of  the  English  pulpit,  en- 
riched by  observation  and  reflection,  and  fertile  in  apt  and 
beautiful  illustrations, — a  mind  susceptible  of  deep  and 
lively  impressions  from  all  that  is  bright  and  fair  and  love- 
ly and  magnificent  in  creation, — a  mind,  which  had  found 
treasures  untold  in  the  scriptures,  and  in  which  dwelt  the 
words  of  Christ  richly,  whence  he  drew  expressions  and  im- 
ages, that  gave  richness  and  weight  to  his  discourses  and 
writings,  and  often  reminded  his  hearer  or  reader  of  Sol- 
omon's similitude  of  words  fitly  spoken  to  apples  of  gold  in 
pictures  of  silver;  but  what  is  best  of  all,  they  evince  a 
mind  always  intent  upon  doing  good,  and  which  loved  and 
sought,  uttered  and  enforced  truth  only  as  it  appeared  to 
him  to  be  conducive  to  goodness. 

Dr.  A.  was  an  eloquent  man,  as  well  as  mighty  in  the 
scriptures.  From  the  first  he  took  rank  with  the  most  pop- 
ular preachers.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  singularly 
impressive,  grave,  natural,  solemn  ; 

much  impressed 
Himself,  as  conscious  of  his  awful  charge, 
And  mainly  anxious,  that  the  flock  he  fed 
Mig-ht  feel  it  too  ;  affectionate  in  look, 
And  tender  in  address,  as  well  becomes 
A  messenger  of  grace  to  guilty  man. 

He  exhibited  a  beautiful  union  of  zeal  with  prudence; 
and  the  love  of  souls  so  evidently  dictated  his  admonitions 
and  reproofs  to  the  delinquent,  that  his  fidelity  and  plain- 
ness seldom  gave  offence.  In  the  sick  chamber  and  in  the 
house  of  mourning,  he  was  truly  a  son  of  consolation. 

Of  his  religious  sentiments,  it  is  enough  to  say,  that  he 
called  no  man  master,  that  he  belonged  to  no  sect,  but  that 
of  good  men; — to  no  school  but  that  of  Jesus  Christ,  and 
that  he  was  liberal  in  the  best  sense  of  the  term.     He  nev- 


128  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

er  thought  himself  called  upon  to  denounce  the  opinions  of 
others,  and  rarely  to  obtrude  his  own  upon  the  controverted 
points  of  the  day.  He  preached  as  he  thought  his  Master 
would  have  him,  speaking  what,  after  diligent  and  prayer- 
ful inquiry,  he  conceived  to  be  the  truth  in  love. 

His  signal  love  of  peace  was  of  inestimable  value  in  a 
minister  in  these  days.  No  object  was  dearer  to  his  heart, 
than  to  bring  ministers  and  the  people  to  feel  on  this  sub- 
ject as  he  felt. 

There  was  nothing  harsh  or  repulsive  in  his  creed,  or  in 
his  manners  ;  one  was  modelled  from  the  instructions,  and 
the  other  from  the  character  of  his  Master.  He  deemed  it 
no  sin  against  any  law  of  God  or  the  example  of  his  Master, 
to  be  a  gentleman  ;  not  of  the  school  of  Chesterfield,  as  of 
hypocricy,  as  of  deceit,  but  as  of  sincerity,  as  of  God, — of 
the  school  of  Paul,  who  exhorts  a  minister  to  be  gentle  to- 
wards all  men,  to  be  courteous,  to  become,  so  far  as  in  up- 
rightness he  may,  all  things  to  all  men.  [See  Dr.  Flint's 
fun.  Sermon.] 

Dr.  Abbot  published  a  number  of  occasional  discour- 
ses and  other  pieces ;  and  a  volume  of  Discourses  to  Mar- 
iners.    He  left  a  widow,  two  sons,  and  five  daughters. 

1796.  Henry  Abbot,  son  of  Capt.  Henry  Abbot,  born 
April  8,  1777,  resides  in  Audover. 

1797.  Daniel  Abbot,  son  of  Mr.  Timothy  Abbot,  born 
Feb.  25,  1777,  a  counsellor  at  law,  Dunstable,  N.  H.  a 
representative  in  the  General  Court. 

1805.  *John  Lovejoy  Abbot,  son  of  John  Lovejoy  Ab- 
bot Esq.,  Librarian  in  H.  U.,  was  settled  in  the  first  Church, 
Boston,  July  14,  1813.  Soon  after  his  ordination,  his  health 
failed,  and  he  died  Oct.  17,  1814,  aged  31  years.  He  was 
a  good  scholar,  acceptable  preacher,  and  promising  young 
man.     Rev.  E.  Everett  delivered  a  discourse  at  his  funeral. 

1821.  Yale  Coll.  John  Adams,  son  of  Mr.  John  Ad- 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  129 

ams  Principal  of  Phillips  Academy,  a  candidate  for  the 
ministry. 

1827.  Y.  Coll.  William  Adams,  son  of  Mr.  John  Ad- 
ams Principal  of  Phillips  Academy. 

1803.  Benjamin  Ames,  son  of  Mr.  Benjamin  Ames, 
born  Oct.  30,  1778,  counsellor  at  law,  Bath,  Me.  Justice 
of  the  C.  C.  P.  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  President  of  the  Senate  of  Maine. 

1822.  Charles  Otis  Barker,  son  of  Hon.  Stephen  Bar- 
ker, born  March  8,  1802,  Physician,  Dunstable,  N.  H. 

1709.  *John  Barnard,  son  of  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard, 
ordained  minister  of  the  N.  Parish  Andover,  April  19, 
1719;  died  June  14,  1757,  in  the  68th  year  of  his  age, 
and  39th  of  his  ministry. 

1732.  *Thomas  Barnard,  son  of  Rev.  John  Barnard, 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  second  Church,  Newbury,  Jan. 
1738.  In  a  few  years  after  his  settlement,  fanatics  pro- 
duced considerable  excitement  among  his  people,  and  in 
the  vicinity.  He  was  the  object  ot  peculiar  dislike,  as  his 
talents,  sound  discretion  and  learning  were  obstacles  to 
their  influence  and  success.  The  disorders  and  state  of 
the  country  at  that  time,  may  be  learned  from  a  letter  ad- 
dressed by  him  to  Mr.  Joseph  Adams,  a  most  zealous  and 
eccentric  preacher.  After  much  trouble  from  some  of  his 
parish,  he  was  at  his  own  request  dismissed. 

He  moved  to  that  part  of  the  town,  now  Newburyport, 
studied  law,  and  became  a  practitioner  at  the  bar,  and  was 
a  representative  of  the  town  to  the  General  Court.  His 
talents  were  conspicuous  in  whatever  business  he  engaged. 
His  mind  however  was  more  inclined  to  Theological  stud- 
ies, than  to  the  pursuits  of  civil  life  ;  and  his  friends  were 
persuaded,  that  he  would  be  more  useful  and  happy  in  the 
gospel  ministry.  On  the  death  of  Rev.  J.  Sparhawk,  he 
was  invited  to  the  first  church  in  Salem,  which  embraced 


130  HISTORY    OF    ANDOVER. 

many  men  of  literature  and  reputation.  They  knew  how 
to  appreciate  his  talents,  acquirements  and  worth.  He 
was  installed,  Sept.  18,  1755.  This  very  respectable  so- 
ciety had  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  choice  they  had 
made. 

The  manner  of  his  preaching  was  grave,  slow  and  dis- 
tinct ;  but  his  delivery  wanted  animation,  to  give  his  dis- 
courses a  charm,  and  render  them  popular  with  the  mass  of 
hearers.  His  sermons  were  rational  and  judicious,  replete 
with  sound  reasoning  and  pertinent  thoughts,  but  some- 
times wanting  perspicuity  sufficient  for  popular  assem- 
blies. He  was  well  acquainted  with  the  deistical  contro- 
versy, and  often  introduced  the  subject  into  his  public  dis- 
courses. 

In  opinions,  he  accorded  with  Arminius  rather  than 
with  Calvin,  and  was  an  Arian,  somewhat  resembling  Dr. 
S.  Clarke. 

In  the  last  years  of  his  life,  he  suffered  much  from  par- 
alytic complaints.  His  memory  failed,  and  he  could  only 
read  his  notes  by  close  attention  to  the  writing.  In  1772, 
Mr.  Dunbar,  a  young  man  of  talents,  was  settled  his  col- 
league ;  but  Mr.  Barnard  continued  to  preach  till  a  short 
time  before  his  death,  which  took  place  Aug.  15,  1776,  in 
the  61st  year  of  his  age.  His  friend,  the  late  Dr.  Andrew 
Eliot,  at  the  request  of  the  church,  preached  the  funeral 
sermon.  He  left  three  sons,  John,  graduated  H.  U.  1762, 
merchant,  St.  Johns,  N.  Brunswick  ;  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard, 
H.  U.  1766,  D.  D.  the  beloved  and  respected  minister  of 
the  north  church,  Salem,  who  died  Oct.  1,  1814,  aged  66 
years  ;  and  Benjamin,  a  merchant  in  N.  Brunswick. 

The  publications  of  Mr.  Barnard  were,  a  sermon  at  the 
ordination  of  his  brother  Edward  at  Haverhill,  1743.  A 
Letter  to  Mr.  Joseph  Adams.  A  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  Hampton  Falls,  1757.  A  sermon  before 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  131 

the  society  for  promoting  industry,  1757.  Artillery  Eleo 
tion  Sermon,  175S.  Sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  W. 
Whitwell,  Marblehead,  1762.  Sermon  at  the  General  Elec- 
tion, 1763.  Dudleian  Lecture  at  H.  University,  1768.  Ser- 
mon at  funeral  of  Rev.  Peter  Clark,  Danvers,  1768.  [See 
Dr.  ElioVs  Biographical  Dictionary.] 

1736.  *Edward  Barnard,  son  of  Rev.  John  Barnard, 
was  ordained  in  Haverhill,  April  27,  1743.  Mr.  Barnard 
was  an  excellent  scholar,  and  one  of  the  most  learned  and 
accomplished  preachers  of  his  time.  His  discourses  were 
correct  and  well  composed,  and  were  highly  relished  by 
scholars  and  men  of  taste.  He  is  said  to  have  excelled  in 
poetry,  as  well  as  prose,  but  the  only  piece  in  print  is  an 
elogy  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Abiel  Abbot,  his  friend,  who 
died  in  May  1739.  The  latter  part  of  his  ministry  was 
disturbed  by  sectaries,  who  accused  him  of  not  being  con- 
verted, and  not  preaching  the  gospel.  But  the  greater  and 
more  respectable  part  of  his  flock  adhered  to  him,  by  whom 
he  was  greatly  beloved  and  esteemed.  He  was  endued 
with  much  wisdom,  sound  discretion  and  fortitude.  His 
sentiments,  like  many  of  his  highly  respectable  contempo- 
raries in  the  county  of  Essex,  were  Arminian.  His  Epitaph 
concisely  and  truly  represents  his  character. 

"  Beneath  are  the  remains  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Barnard, 
A.  M.,  Pastor  of  the  first  church  in  this  town,  who  died 
Jan.  26,  1774,  in  the  54th  year  of  his  age,  and  31st  of  his 
ministry.  In  him  were  united  the  good  scholar,  the  great 
divine,  and  exemplary  christian  and  minister.  His  under- 
standing was  excellent,  judgment  exact,  imagination  lively, 
and  invention  fruitful ;  eminently  a  man  of  prayer  ;  as  a 
preacher,  equalled  by  few,  excelled  by  none  ;  indefatigable 
in  the  discharge  of  his  ministerial  duty,  and  possessing  the 
most  tender  concern  for  the  happiness  of  those  committed 
to  his  charge.     His  piety  was  rational,  disposition  benev- 


132  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVKR. 

olent,  of  approved  integrity,  consummate  prudence,  great 
modesty  and  simplicity  of  manners.  He  was  a  kind  hus- 
band, tender  parent,  faithful  friend,  and  agreeable  compan- 
ion. His  life  was  irreproachable,  and  death  greatly  la- 
mented by  all  who  knew  his  worth.  Mark  the  perfect  man, 
and  behold  the  upright,  for  the  end  of  that  man  is  peace. 

"  His  grateful  flock  have  erected  this  monument,  as  a 
testimony  of  their  affection  and  respect  for  his  memory." 

His  son,  Edward,  H.  U.  1774,  was  an  Apothecary  in 
Salem,  died  14th  Dec.  1822,  in  the  68th  year  of  his  age. 

Mr.  Barnard's  printed  discourses  are,  Sermon  on  the 
good  man,  Sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  G.  Merrill, 
Plaistow,  1705.  Election  Sermon,  1766.  Sermon  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  Rev.  T.  Cary,  Newburyport,  1773.  Convention 
Sermon,  1773. 

Proposals  for  publishing  a  volume  of  sermons  from  his 
MSS.  were  issued  in  1774,  and  a  selection  was  made  ; 
but  the  commencement  of  the  revolutionary  war  prevented 
the  publication.  These  sermons  would  have  borne  a  high 
rank  among  the  best  compositions  of  American  preachers.* 

1826.  Yale  Coll.  Amos  Blanchard,  son  of  Dea.  Amos 
Blanchard,  student  of  Divinity. 

1727.  *  John  Blunt,  son  of  William  Blunt,  ordained  the 
third  minister  of  New  Castle,  N.  H.  20th  December  1732  ; 
died  August  7,  1748,  in  his  42d  year.  There  is  a  tomb 
stone  at  New  Castle  to  his  memory,  which  has  a  very  hand- 
some and  appropriate  inscription. 

1653.  *  Samuel  Bradstreet,  son  of  Gov.  Simon  B.  was 
fellow  of  H.  U.,  Representative  in  the  Gen.  Court  in  1670 
— resided  in  Boston  a  number  of  years. 

1660.  *  Simon  Bradstreet,  son  of  Gov.  Simon  B.  went 
from  Charlestown  in  1666,  to  New  London,  Conn.,  and 
was  ordained,  in    1670.     He  was   respected   as  a  minister, 

*  See  Dr.  Eliot'a  Biog.  Diet,  and  SaltonstaH'a  Hist,  of  Haverhill. 


LIST  OP  GRADUATES.  183 

and  had  influence  with  the  generation  of  his  time.  He 
died  1638. 

1698.  *Dudley  Bradstreet,  son  of  "Hon.  Dudley  B.  born 
April  1678,  taught  the  grammar  school  in  Andover  two  or 
three  years,  and  was  ordained  minister  of  Groton,  !6th  June 
1706;  afterwards  he  went  to  England  for  episcopal  orders, 
and  died  there  soon  after. 

1814.  John  Ingalls  Carlton,  M.  D.  son  of  Mr.  Deane 
Carlton,  physician  in  the  North  Parish,  Andover. 

1728.  *  James  Ch.indler,  son  of  Thomas  C.  born  June 
1706,  ordained  minister  of  the  second  parish  Rowley,  18th 
Oct.  1732,  died  1788. 

He  published  two  sermons  1754.  Sermon  delivered  at 
Newburyport   1767.      A  Letter  addressed  to  Dr.  Tucker, 

1767.  A  letter  addressed  to  a  church   in  Newburyport, 

1768.  He  preached  the  convention  sermon  in  1774,  not 
published. 

1735.  *  Samuel  Chandler,  son  of  Josiah  C.  was  ordain- 
ed pastor  of  the  second  church  in  York,  Me.  20th  January 
1742  ;was  installed,  13th  Nov.  1751,  in  the  first  church 
of  Gloucester.  He  died  1775,  in  his  63d  year.  He  was 
a  zealous  preacher,  and  useful  minister.  He  published  a 
sermon  on  the  taking  of  Quebec. 

1713.  *  John  Chandler,  son  of  Thomas  C.  ordained 
minister  of  Billerica,  Oct.  2 1st,  1747;  removed  5th  June 
1760  ;  died  10th  Nov.  1762,  in  the  40th  year  of  his  age. 

1779.  *  Samuel  Chandler,  son  of  David  C. 

1807.  Joshua  Chandler,  son  of  Maj.  Abiel  C.  ordained 
minister  of  Swanzy,  N.  H.  1819  ;  removed  and  installed  in 
Orange,  Dec.  1822. 

1817.  Asa  Cuinmings,  son  ofdea.  Asa  C,  Tutor  in 
B.  Coll.  ordained    minister  in  North  Yarmouth,  Feb.  1821. 

1800.  D.  Coll.  John  Dane,  son  of  Daniel  D.  ordained 
12 


134 


HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 


minister  of  Newfield,  Me.  15th  Feb.  1802 ;  dismissed  in 
about  a  year.    * 

1761.  *  Jacob  Emery,  ordained  minister  of  Pembroke, 
N.  H.  3d  Aug.  1768  ;  removed  23d  March  1775. 

1761.  *John  Farnum,  son  of  Capt.  John  Farnum,  mas- 
ter of  the  Grammar  School  in  Andover  several  years,  a  sur- 
veyor, a  member  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  State  in  1779.  He  died  5th  Nov.  1822, 
aged  83  years. 

1808.  *  Timothy  Farnum,  son  of  Jedidiah  Farnum, 
attorney  at  law,  Monmouth,  Me.     He  died  Feb.  1821. 

1744.  *  Jedidiah  Foster,  son  of  Ephraim  Foster,  estab- 
lished himself  as  a  Lawyer  in  Brookfield,  and  married  a 
daughter  of  Gen.  Dwight.  His  talents  and  integrity  gained 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  people,  and  procured  for 
him  several  offices  military  and  civil.  He  was  Judge  of  the 
C.  C.  P.  and  of  Probate,  and  counsellor  previous  to  the  rev- 
olution. In  1776,  he  was  appointed  Justice  of  the  Superi- 
our  Court,  in  which  office  he  continued  till  his  death.  He 
was  an  active  member  of  the  Convention  for  framing  the 
Constitution  of  the  Commonwealth.  He  engaged  with  ar- 
dor in  defence  of  the  liberty  and  rights  of  his  country,  and 
contributed  much  by  his  influence  and  efforts  to  their  estab- 
lishment. He  was  early  a  professor  of  religion,  and  adorn- 
ed his  profession  by  a  uniformly  virtuous  and  exemplary 
life.     He  died,  17th  Oct.  1779,  aged  53  years. 

His  sons  have  been  conspicuous  in  the  government  of 
the  country.  Theodore  has  been  member  of  Congress  and 
Senator  of  the  U.  States.  He  died  in  Providence,  Jan. 
1828,  aged  76  years. — Dwight,  Attorney  at  Law,  Brookfield, 
has  been  Chief  Justice  of  C.  C.  P.  Sheriff  of  the  county  of 
Worcester,  Counsellor,  Representative  in  Congress  8  years, 
and  Senator  of  the  U.  States.  He  died,  29th  April  1823, 
aged  65  years.  [See  Allen's  Biog.  Diet,  and  Dr.  F  is  Ice's 
Sermon.] 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  135 

1756.  *  Abiel  Foster,  son  of  Capt.  Asa  Foster,  was  or- 
dained minister  of  Canterbury,  N.  H.  Jan.  1761.  After 
his  connexion  with  his  people  was  dissolved  in  1779,  he 
was  employed  in  public  business,  was  Representative  in  the 
Gen.  Court,  President  of  the  Senate  of  the  state,  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  C.  C.  P.  for  Rockingham,  was  Representative  in 
the  old  Congress,  and  a  member  ten  years  under  the  present 
Constitution.  His  integrity,  virtue  and  usefulness  secured 
the  esteem,  confidence  and  favour  of  the  people  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  the  respect  of  numerous  friends.  He  died 
Feb.  1806,  in  the  71st  year  of  his  age.  [See  Hist.  Coll 
ofN.H.] 

1821.  D.  Coll.  Stephen  Foster,  son  of  John  Foster,  af- 
ter pursuing  the  usual  course  of  studies  in  the  Theological 
Institution,  was  ordained  a  missionary,  Oct.  1824,  settled  at 
Greenville,  Tenn. 

1828.  D.  Coll.  Isaac  Foster,  son  of  John  Foster. 

1784.    Nathan    Frazier,  son  of ,  born    11th 

March  1766,  a  merchant,  Boston,  died  early  in  life. 

1798.  Jonathan  French,  son  of  Rev.  Jonathan  French, 
born,  16  August  1778,  ordained  minister  of  North  Hampton 
N.  H.  18th  Nov.  1801. 

1723.  *  Jonathan  Frye,  son  of  Capt.  James  Frye,  was 
chaplain  to  Capt.  LovewelPs  company,  which  went  to  Pig- 
waket  in  search  of  Indians,  in  1725.  He  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  8th  of  May,  and  died  in  the  woods. 
The  journal  of  the  march  was  kept  by  him,  and  was  lost  in 
consequence  of  his  death.  The  large  elm  near  Mr.  John 
Peters'  was  set  out  by  him. 

1744.  *Peter  Frye,  son  of  Samuel  Frye,  born  Jan.  1723, 
settled  in  Salem,  was  Col.  of  a  regiment,  Justice  of  C.  C.  P. 
Register  of  Probate,  and  an  officer  of  the  custom  house. 
Soon  after  the  commencement  of  the  revolutionary  war, 
he  left  the  country,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days 


13G  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

near  London.  He  died  1820  in  the  98th  year  of  his  age. 
He  was  temperate  and  regular  in  his  diet,  and  uniform  in 
his  exercise. 

1761.*  Jonathan  Frye,  son  of  Col.  James  Frye,  lived  some 
time  at  Buckport,  and  was  drowned  in  Penobscot  river. 

1821.  Enoch  Frye,  son  of  Enoch  Frye,  a  teacher  of 
school,  Boston. 

1822.  Nathaniel  Gage,  son  of  Nathaniel  Gage,  tutor  in 
Harvard  University,  ordained  minister  in  Nashua,  Dunsta- 
ble, N.  H.  June  27,  1827. 

1786.  *Robert  Gray,  son  of  Robert  Gray,  ordained  min- 
ister of  Dover,  N.  H.  Feb.  1787 ;  dismissed  May  1805  ; 
died  Aug.  1822,  aged  61  years. 

1800.  Abiel  Holbrook,  son  of  Ralph  Holhrook,  resides 
in  Alexandria,  Va. 

1739.  *Joseph  Holt,  son  of  Timothy  Holt,  taught  the 
grammar  school  at  Andover  several  years,  moved  to  Wilton 
N.  H.  1765,  was  useful  in  the  town  ;  died  Aug.  1789,  aged 
72  years. 

1757.  *Nathan  Holt,  son  of  Nicholas  Holt,  ordained  pas- 
tor of  the  second  church,  Danvers,  Jan.  3,  1759,  where  he 
remained  a  faithful  and  useful  minister  till  his  death, 
Aug.  1,  1792,  aged  67  years. 

1767.  *Moses  Holt,  son  of  Jonathan  Holt,  after  preach- 
ing a  short  time,  settled  in  business  in  Portland,  where  he 
died. 

1790.  Peter  Holt,  son  of  Joshua  Holt,  Esq.  born  June 
12,  1763,  ordained  minister  of  Epping,  N.  II.  Feb.  27, 
1793,  removed  to  Exeter,  1821,  installed  in  the  Presbyteri- 
an church,  Peterborough,  March  7,  1827. 

1813.  D.  C.  Jacob  Holt,  son  of  Dane  Holt,  teacher  of 
school  and  preacher  in  Brookline,  N.  H.  ordained  pastor, 
Jan.  30,  1827. 

1792.  Jedidiah  Ingalls,  son  of  John  Ingalls,  a  physician 
in  Durham,  N.  H. 


v: 


VNIVERS1 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  137 

1814.  Samuel  Johnson,  M.  D.  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  Capt. 
Joshua  Johnson,  a  physician  in  Salern. 

1828.  D.  C.  Osgood  Johnson,  son  of  Osgood  Johnson. 

1795.  *John  Kittredge,  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Kittredge, 
some  time  a  physician  in  Newburyport,  appointed  collector, 
moved  to  Gloucester,  was  president  of  Gloucester  Bank ; 
died  Aug.  31,  1822,  aged  44  years. 

180G.  D.  C.  Joseph  Kittredge,  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Kittredge,  a  physician  in  Andover,  North  Parish. 

1797.  *Samuel  Abbot  Kneeland,  son  of  John  Kneeland 
Esq.  resided  in  Andover,  died  Sept.  5,  1817,  in  the  4 1st 
year  of  his  age. 

'1766.  *  Nathaniel  Lovejoy,  son  of  Capt.  Nathaniel 
Lovejoy,  settled  in  Andover  in  merchandize,  was  employed 
in  municipal  affairs,  Justice  of  peace,  and  Brigadier  General. 
He  died  July  5,  1812,  aged  68  years. 

1801.  D.  C.  Thomas  Abbot  Merrill,  son  of  dea.  Thorn. 
Merrill,  Deering,  tutor  in  Dartmouth  College,  settled  in  the 
ministry,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

1816.  Samuel  Phillips  Newman,  son  of  dea.  Mark  New- 
man, Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages,  in  Bow- 
doin  College,  and  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory  in  the 
same  college. 

1S25.  B.  C.  Mark  H.  Newman,  son  of  dea.  Mark  New- 
man, bookseller  in  Andover. 

1737.  *  Joseph  Osgood,  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  dea.  John 
Osgood,  spent  some  time  in  a  counting  room,  at  Glouces- 
ter, went  into  sea  faring  business,  and  became  master  of  a 
vessel.  In  the  Spanish  War,  he  was  taken  and  carried  in- 
to Bilboa.  Upon  being  exchanged,  he  resided  several 
months  in  London.  After  obtaining  funds,  he  returned 
home,  settled  in  Boston,  married,  and  continued  to  pursue 
sea  faring  business.  The  small  pox  breaking  out  in  Bos- 
ton, he  removed  his  family  to  Andover,  about  1752,  engag- 
12* 


138  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

ed  in  merchandize,  and  also  sold  medicines.  Being  fre- 
quently called  upon  to  prescribe,  he  gradually  obtained  ex- 
tensive practice,  and  was  a  respectable  physician.  He  was 
a  deacon  in  the  north  church  more  than  thirty  years,  was 
useful  in  town  and  parish,  of  strict  integrity  and  virtue. 
He  died  Jan.  11,  1797,  aged  78  years.  Margaret,  his  wife, 
died  Feb.  16,  1797,  aged  76  years. 

His  son  Joseph,  M.  M.  S.  S.  was  a  respectable  physi- 
cian in  Danvers  and  Salem.  John  settled  in  West  Newbu- 
ry, a  fanner,  representative  to  the  General  Court,  a  deacon, 
respected  for  his  moral  worth.  George,  M.  M.  S.  S.  a  res- 
pectable physician  in  Andover. 

1744.  *lsaac  Osgood,  son  of  Timothy  Osgood,  born 
Aug.  1724,  settled  in  mercantile  business  in  Haverhill, 
where  he  died  about  1790. 

His  sons,  Joshua-Bailey,  H.  U.  1772;  Isaac,  H.  U. 
1775  ;   William,  Peter,  apothecary,  Haverhill. 

1770.  *Samuel  Osgood,  son  of  Capt.  Peter  Osgood,  on 
leaving  college,  commenced  the  study  of  theology,  with  in- 
tention of  entering  the  ministry  ;  but  close  application  so 
impaired  his  health  and  eyes,  that  he  went  into  mercantile 
business.  Soon  after  the  commencement  of  the  revolution- 
ary war,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  provincial  Con- 
gress, and  appointed  one  of  the  board  of  war.  He  was  of 
the  Convention  for  framing  the  state  Constitution,  in  1779. 
He  wras  repeatedly  appointed  a  representative  in  the  conti- 
nental Congress.  W?jen  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States 
was  put  under  the  management  of  three  commissioners,  he 
was  appointed  one  of  them.  Each  commissioner  being  re- 
quired to  give  bonds  with  sureties  in  the  penal  sum  of 
$100,000,  he  hesitated  about  accepting  the  office,  being  un- 
willing to  request  so  great  a  favour  of  his  friends,  as  to  be- 
come his  sureties.     Such,  however,  was  the  confidence  of 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  13& 

the  government  of  Massachusetts,  as  to  become  voluntarily 
responsible  in  his  behalf.  He  continued  in  this  office,  till 
the  establishment  of  the  present  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Government,  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster  General.  When  the  Congress  moved 
from  the  city  of  New  York  in  1791,  the  emoluments  of  the 
office  were  not  a  sufficient  inducement  for  him  to  remove 
with  his  family  to  Philadelphia.  After  which  he  held  some 
office  in  the  revenue  till  his  death,  in  1818,  aged  70. 

He  was  an  original  member  of  the  American  Academy 
of  Arts  and  Sciences.  lie  was  respected  for  his  talents  and 
services,  his  urbanity  and  moral  and  religious  worth.  He 
married  and  settled  in  the  city  of  New  York.  He  left  four  chil- 
dren, Martha  married  to  M.  Genet,  Juliana  married  Sam- 
uel Osgood,  Susan  Mr.  Field,  Walter-Franklin.  In  1811 
he  published  a  vol.  8vo.  on  Theology  and  Metaphysics. 

1771.  *David  Osgood,  D.  D.  the  son  of  Capt.  Isaac 
Osgood,  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Medford,  Sept. 
14,  1774;  died  Dec.  12,  182*2,  aged  75  years.  He  was 
distinguished  from  his  youth  for  habits  of  close  application 
and  thought.  His  early  life  was  passed  principally  in  re- 
tirement and  in  devoted  attention  to  the  studies  of  his  pro- 
fession. A  fearless  honesty,  an  entire  freedom  from  dis- 
guise, was  a  striking  trait  of  his  mind  and  heart.  He  fol- 
lowed with  firmness  the  convictions  of  his  conscience,  and 
never  shrunk  from  what  he  thought  his  duty.  His  con- 
versation was  often  enlivened  with  innocent  hilarity,  and 
playful  cheerfulness,  and  intercourse  with  him  was  much 
relished. 

His  piety  was  deep  and  fixed  ;  free  from  ostentation 
and  noise ;  his  religion  was  a  real  power,  equally  remote 
from  the  cold  indifference  of  the  speculative  christian,  and 
the  fanaticism  of  the  enthusiast.  He  never  wished  to 
bring  to  any  human  test  the  attainments  of  others  in  piety 


140  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

and  holiness;  but  if  he  saw  the  evidences  of  their  having 
imbibed  the  spirit  of  Jesus,  and  having  formed  their  lives- 
according  to  the  gospel,  he  was  satisfied,  without  the  ap- 
plication of  the  arbitrary  standards  invented  by  men. 

His  religious  opinions  were  those,  which  are  usually 
denominated  moderately  orthodox.  No  part  of  his  relig- 
ious character  was  more  striking,  than  his  freedom  from 
every  thing  that  wore  the  semblance  of  bigotry,  his  love 
of  free  inquiry,  and  his  magnanimous  and  christian  charity 
for  those  who  differed  from  him.  He  was  in  the  best  sense 
of  the  words,  catholic  and  liberal.  He  carried  with  him 
through  life  an  ardent  love  of  religious  liberty,  and  dreaded 
every  approach  to  ecclesiastical  usurpation,  or  whatever 
might  infringe  upon  the  independency  of  the  churches. 

As  a  theologian  and  preacher,  Dr.  Osgood  must  be  al- 
lowed by  all  to  have  stood  in  the  first  rank.  The  studies 
connected  with  the  sacred  office  and  duties  were  ever  dear 
to  him.  His  mind  was  well  stored  with  various  reading 
and  deep  reflection  ;  and  he  drew  from  his  own  resources 
striking  illustrations.  His  eloquence  was  fashioned  by  no 
rules  and  shaped  by  no  model ;  it  was  all  his  own — the  nat- 
ural overflowing  of  a  soul  full  of  its  subject.  The  charac- 
teristics of  his  preaching  were  boldness  and  strength,  pow- 
erful statements,  heart-searching  appeals,  elevating  descrip- 
tions. 

He  published  a  large  number  of  occasional  and  other 
sermons,  which  do  credit  to  him  as  a  writer,  and  a  man  of 
powerful  mind.  A  valuable  volume  of  sermons,  since  his 
decease,  has  been  selected  from  his  MSS.  and  published. 
— Mrs.  Hannah,  his  wife,  died  Feb.  1818,  aged  70.  He 
left  one  son,  David,  M.  D.  a  physician  in  Boston,  and  two. 
daughters.     [See  Ch.  Disciple,  Vol.  4.  No.  6.] 

1789.  Yale  Coll.  * Jonathan  Osgood,  M.  M.  S.  S.,  son 
of  Josiah  Osgood,  ordained   first  minister  of  Gardner,  Ms. 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  141 

Oct.  19,  1791  ;  died  June  1822,  in  the  60th  year  of  his 
age.  Soon  after  his  settlement,  he  began  the  practice  of 
medicine,  and  was  respected  by  the  faculty. 

1804.  Joseph  Otis  Osgood,  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  Dr. 
George  Osgood,  a  physician  in  Kensington,  N.  H. 

1808.  D.  C.  Samuel  Osgood,  son  of  Peter  Osgood  Esq. 
in  business  New  York. 

1814.  Peter  Osgood,  son  of  Peter  Osgood  Esq.  born 
Feb.  4,  1793,  ordained  minister  of  Sterling,  Ms.  June  30, 
1819. 

1814.  Isaac  Peabody  Osgood,  son  of  Dr.  Kendall  Os- 
good, Peterborough,  attorney  at  law,  Boston. 

1815.  Gay  ton  Pick  man  Osgood,  son  of  Isaac  Osgood 
Esq.  attorney  at  law,  Andover. 

1818.  *Timothy  Osgood,  son  of  Capt.  Timothy  Osgood, 
attorney  at  law,  Canton,  Alabama,  died  Aug.  27,  1823, 
soon  after  commencing  business. 

1813.  Gorham  Parks,  son  of  Gen.  Parks,  Counsellor  at 
Law,  Waldoborough,  Me. 

1769.  ^Stephen  Peabody,  son  of  John  Peabody,  ordain- 
ed first  minister  of  Atkinson,  N.  H.  Nov.  20,  1772;  died 
May  23,  1819,  in  his  78th  year.  He  was  an  acceptable 
preacher,  esteemed  by  his  people,  and  a  pleasant  companion. 
He  left  one  son,  Stephen,  H.  U.  1794,  Attorney  at  Law, 
Atkinson. 

1773.  Oliver  Peabody,  son  of  Oliver  Peabody,  born 
Sept.  2,  1752  ;  Counsellor  at  law,  Exeter,  Sheriff  of  Rock- 
ingham, Justice  of  C.  C.  P.,  President  of  the  Senate,  and 
Treasurer  of  the  State  of  N.  H.  His  sons,  twins,  Oliver 
William-Bourn  P.  Counsellor  at  law,  Exeter,  and  William- 
Bourn-Oliver  P.  settled  in  the  ministry,  Springfield,  Mass. 
educated  H.  U.  1816. 

1803.  D.  C.  Augustus  Peabody,  son  of  deacon  John 
Peabody,  Counsellor  at  Law,  Boston. 


14-2 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


1816.  Henry  Bromfield  Pearson,  son  of  Dr.  Eliphalet 
Pearson,  Attorney  at  Law,  Philadelphia. 

1723.  *Andrew  Peters,  son  of  Samuel  Peters,  ordained 
the  first  minister  of  Middleton,  Oct.  1729;  died  Oct.  6, 
1756,  aged  55  years. 

1818.  *Henry  Adams  Peters,  son  of  Joseph  Peters, 
teacher  of  youth,  Clarkville,  Ten.,  died  in  Andover,  Aug. 
8, 1827,  aged  31. 

1734.  *Samuel  Phillips,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Phillips, 
after  teaching  the  grammar  school  some  time,  settled  in 
merchandize  in  the  N.  Parish,  and  was  successful.  He 
was  useful  in  the  business  of  the  town  and  parish,  in  which 
for  many  years  he  took  a  part.  He  was  frequently  a  repre- 
sentative in  the  General  Court,  was  of  the  Council  board  in 
the  difficult  period  previous  to  the  revolution,  and  was  a 
stanch  whig.  For  many  years,  he  discharged  the  duties  of  a 
magistrate  with  strict  regard  to  order  and  the  good  of  Society. 
He  was,  more  than  40  years,  deacon  of  the  North  Church, 
and  was  a  firm  supporter  of  religious  order.  Early  form- 
ing the  habit  of  exactness  and  economy  in  business,  he  ac- 
quired a  large  estate.  There  was  a  sternness,  a  precise- 
ness,  a  frowning  on  vice  and  disorder,  which  did  not  con- 
tribute to  popularity  ;  but  his  ascendency  and  usefulness 
were  always  maintained. 

Having  acquired  much  wealth,  and  having  but  one  son, 
who  was  earnestly  desirous  of  promoting  good  learning,  es- 
pecially the  virtuous  and  pious  education  of  youth,  he  with 
his  brother,  John  Phillips  of  Exeter,  set  apart  a  generous 
sum  for  the  support  of  a  free  school  in  Andover,  which 
went  into  operation  April  1778. 

Mr.  Phillips,  by  founding  this  Academy,  gave  an  im- 
pulse to  the  public  mind  and  feeling  on  the  subject  of  ed- 
ucation. This  well  directed  beneficence  will  deservedly 
perpetuate  his  memory  to  future  generations.  He  died 
Aug.  21,  1790,  aged  75  years. 


XIST  OF  GRADUATES.  143 

He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Theodore  Barnard, 
and  grand  daughter  of  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard,  an  excel- 
lent woman. 

They  left  but  one  son,  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips ;  all  their 
other  children  died  young. 

1/35.  *John  Phillips,  L  L.  D.,  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Phil- 
lips, after  teaching  the  public  school  at  Andover  and  other 
places,  became  a  preacher  and  candidate   for  the  ministry. 
Leaving  theological  pursuits,  he  settled  in   Exeter  in  mer- 
chandize, and  also  taught  a  private  Latin  school.    He  was  an 
elder  in  the  Second  church;  and  in  1747,  was  unanimously 
invited  to  become  its  pastor.  He  married  Mrs.  Sarah  Giiman, 
relict  of  Nathaniel  Giiman  Esq.,  and  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Emery  of  Wells,   a   virtuous  and   respectable   lady.     After 
her  decease,  he  married  the  relict  of  Dr.  Hale,  and  daugh- 
ter   of  Hon.   E.  Dennet,    Portsmouth,  who  survived   him. 
He  had  no  children  by  either   of  his  wives.     By  industry, 
economy,  and  close  attention  to   business,  he   accumulated 
a  large  estate.   He  was  Col.  of  militia,  Justice  of  the  C.  C.  P. 
and  one  of  the  Council.    He  was  distinguished  for  his  very 
liberal  donations  to  public  and  literary  institutions.  Prince- 
ton college  was  aided   by  his  munificence,  and  in  D.  Coll. 
he  founded  a  professorship  of  Divinity.     He    assisted    in 
founding  the  Academy  at   Andover,  and   conferred  on   it 
large  sums  of  money.     But  his  most  liberal  donations  were 
reserved  for  the   Academy  at  Exeter,  which  was  founded 
and  endowed  by  him  alone,  and  was  opened  for  instruction 
in  1783,  without  charge  for  tuition,  and  grew  up  under  his 
eye  and  by  his  direction.     It  is  the   best  endowed   Institu- 
tion of  the  kind,  and  holds  the   first  rank  in  the  country. 
Many  excellent  scholars  and   eminent  men   have  received 
the  elementary  part  of  their   education  at  this  seminary. 
He  devoted  nearly  all  of  his  large  estate  to  pious  and  literary 
uses,  and  lived  to  see  much  good  result  to  the  community 


144  histoiiv  of  andover. 

from  his  benevolent  efforts.  He  died  April  21,  1795,  aged 
75  years. 

He  was  a  sagacious  observer  of  human  nature,  shrewd 
in  his  remarks,  seldom  erred  in  judgment,  and  had  much 
practical  wisdom.  His  Academy  has  given  him  a  name 
better  than  of  sons  and  daughters. 

1771.  *Samuel  Phillips,  L  L.  D.  A.  A.  S.,  son  of  Hon. 
Samuel  Phillips,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1752,  and  died  Feb.  10, 
1802,  aged  50.  His  mind  was  early  imbued  with  religious 
and  moral  principles,  and  habits  of  order,  obedience  and 
diligence  were  early  formed.  His  studies  preparatory  for 
college  were  pursued  under  the  direction  of  Samuel  Moody 
Esq.  at  Dummer  Academy.  His  proficiency,  his  manliness 
and  sobriety  and  regular  conduct  secured  the  esteem  and 
confidence  of  his  instructor  and  fellow  students.  He  en- 
tered college  with  a  habit  of  application  and  order,  and 
with  a  high  sense  of  moral  feeling  and  love  of  learning. 
His  activity  and  example  did  much  to  stimulate  others  to 
virtuous  diligence.  He  was  at  the  head  and  most  active  of 
ingenuous  young  men,  who  formed  associations  for  pro- 
moting knowledge  and  improving  one  another  in  literary 
and  moral  attainments. 

In  his  24th  year,  he  was  elected  by  his  fellow  citizens, 
in  1775,  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  and  contin- 
ued to  represent  them  in  the  existing  Legislature  till  1780, 
and  was  among  the  best  speakers  and  most  influential  mem- 
bers, and  was  employed  on  the  most  important  committees 
during  the  revolutionary  war.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Convention  in  1770,  by  which  the  Constitution  of  Mas- 
sachusetts was  formed,  and  of  the  Committee  by  which  it 
was  drawn  up.  After  it  was  adopted,  he  was  immediately 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Senate  ;  and,  except  one  year,  in 
which  he  was  employed  by  the  State  on  a  public  mission, 
continued  a   Senator  till  1801.     Fifteen  of  these  years  he 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  145 

was,  with  great  unanimity,  elected  President  of  the  Senate. 
In  1801,  he  was  elected  Lieut.  Governor  of  the  State,  and 
continued  in  that  office  until  his  death.  In  1781,  he  was 
appointed  Justice  of  the  C.  C.  P.  and  held  that  office  till 
the  close  of  1797.  when  declining  health  induced  his  resig- 
nation. 

The  duties  of  these  offices  he  discharged  with  honor  to 
himself  and  usefulness  to  the  public.  Asa  legislator,  he 
was  punctual  and  diligent,  and  presided  with  dignity,  and 
contributed  to  the  despatch  of  business. 

He  was  the  projector  of  the  Academy  in  Andover,  foun- 
ded by  his  father  and  uncle,  and  also  of  the  Academy  in 
Exeter,  founded  by  his  uncle  alone.  The  efforts  and  sa- 
crifices, by  which  he  contributed  to  the  endowment,  super- 
intendence and  prosperity  of  these  Institutions,  justly  rank 
him  among  the  greatest  benefactors  of  mankind.  Though 
he  made  no  bequests  directly  to  these  seminaries,  yet  the 
property  devoted  to  this  important  object,  came  from  estates 
of  which  he  was  the  sole  heir  in  one  instance,  and  the  prin- 
cipal one  in  the  other. 

He  directed  and  bound  his  heirs  and  executors  to  pay 
$5,000  to  the  Trustees  of  Phillips  Academy  ;  five  sixths  of 
the  income  of  $1,000  to  be  applied  for  the  better  qualifying 
of  females  to  teach  the  district  schools  in  Andover,  and  ex- 
tending the  term  of  their  instruction.  Five  sixths  of  the 
income  of  $1,000  for  the  purchase  and  distribution  of  pi- 
ous books  among  the  inhabitants  of  Andover.  Five  sixths 
of  the  remaining  $3,000  for  the  purchase  and  distribution  of 
Bibles  and  pious  books  among  the  inhabitants  of  new  towns 
and  other  places,  where  the  means  of  religious  knowledge 
is  sparingly  enjoyed. 

His  conspicuous  talents,   virtues  and   services  not  only 
placed  him  high  in  the  public   estimation   and   confidence, 
but  procured  him  honorable  testimonies  from  the  most  en* 
13 


146  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

lightened  and  respectable  bodies.  He  was  honored  with 
a  place  among  the  original  members  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  incorporated  in  1780,  and 
also  with  a  degree  of  LL.  D.  in  1793  by  his  Alma  Mater, 
whose  interests  he  assiduously  promoted,  and  thus  render- 
ed to  the   cause  of  literature  important  services. 

He  was  endued  with  a  clear  apprehension,  a  sound 
judgment,  a  spirit  ardent  and  enterprising,  yet  patient,  de- 
liberate and  persevering ;  a  mind  formed  for  great  projects, 
yet  sagacious,  delicate  and  cautious  in  selecting  the  objects 
and  in  the  choice  and  application  of  the  means.  Of  a  cha- 
racter eminently  practical  ;  knowledge  merely  speculative 
presented  few  allurements  to  his  eye;  action  he  consider- 
ed the  end  of  thinking.  He  thought,  therefore,  and  read, 
not  merely  that  he  might  know  more,  but  that  he  might 
become  better ;  not  that  he  might  display  his  knowledge  to 
his  fellow  men,  but  that  he  might  do  them  good.  A  species 
of  ethical  cast  marked  his  conversation  and  life,  and  dis- 
tinguished him  from  most  men.  Always  of  a  slender  con- 
stitution, and  often  laboring  under  serious  infirmities,  he 
was  still  active  in  every  duty  ;  and  in  circumstances  which 
would  have  discouraged  most  others  from  exertion,  was 
vigorously  employed  in  performing  it. 

He  was  distinguished  for  virtuous  industry  and  resolu- 
tion, for  great  economy  and  simplicity.  He  was  conscien- 
tiously opposed  to  luxury  and  splendor,  and  wished  to  en- 
courage the  manners  suited  to  a  young  republican  commu- 
nity. 

Those  intervals  of  life,  not  demanded  by  public  concerns, 
were  spent  chiefly  at  his  seat  near  the  Academy  in  his  na- 
tive town,  in  a  variety  of  business  ;  and  peculiarly,  in  the 
performance  of  those  duties,  which  adorn  the  religion  of  the 
gospel,  of  which  he  was  a  professor  from  his  youth.  He 
was  ever  ready  to  afford  his  influence  and  exertions  in  pro- 
moting the  great  objects  of  the  christian  ministry,  and  was 


LIST  OP  GRADUATES.  147 

an  example  of  constant  and  devout  attendance  on  public 
worship  and  the  duties  of  the  sabbath,  and  of  religious  in- 
struction and  devotion  in  his  family. 

His  person  was  tall  and  slender,  and  his  manners  were 
a  happy  combination  of  simplicity  with  refinement,  of 
modesty  with  dignity.  His  countenance  was  grave,  mild 
and  commanding ;  his  features  were  in  the  sedateness  of 
thought,  and  gentle  with  the  amenity  of  virtue. 

He  married  in  1773,  Miss  Phebe,  youngest  daughter  of 
Hon.  Francis  and  Mehitabel  Foxcroft  of  Cambridge ;  a  la- 
dy, formed  by  the  dignity  of  her  person,  and  the  virtues  of 
her  mind,  to  move  in  the  higher  walks  of  life,  and  destined 
by  Providence  for  extensive  usefulness.  Possessing  a  quick 
apprehension,  nice  discernment,  delicate  taste,  and  an  ar- 
dent thirst  for  knowledge,  by  reading  and  writing,  her  fa- 
vorite amusements,  her  mind  was  highly  cultivated.  Such 
was  the  brilliancy  of  her  imagination,  the  pleasantry  of  her 
wit,  and  the  felicity  of  her  expression,  that  she  was  the  or- 
nament and  delight  of  the  sentimental  circle.  She  was 
distinguished  for  her  sensibility,  delicacy,  humility,  hospital- 
ity, and  kindness  to  the  poor,  and  for  her  piety,  and  the 
regular  attention  to  the  duties  of  the  family  an<j  of  devotion. 
Besides  innumerable  other  benefactions,  she  joined  with  ar- 
dor the  Founders  of  the  Theological  Instiution,  and,  with 
her  son,  built  Phillips  Hall  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
students,  and  a  house  for  the  steward  and  dining  hall,  and 
other  convenient  and  necessary  out  buildings  to  the  amount 
of  about  $20,000.  She  died  Nov.  1812,  aged  70  years  ;  at 
her  funeral  a  discourse  was  delivered  by  her  friend  Dr. 
E.  Pearson. 

They  had  two  children,  John  and  Samuel,  the  younger, 
a  promising  youth,  died  in  1796,  while  a  member  of°the 
Academy.  [See  Dr.  Tappan's  fun.  Ser.  Eliot's  Biog. 
Diet.  Dwight's  Travels.     Dr.  Pearson's  fun.  Ser.] 


148  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

1795.  *John  Phillips,  son  of  Hon.  Samuel  Phillips,  born 
Oct.  18,  1776;  died  Sept.  10,  1820.  Upon  leaving  college 
he  was  an  assistant  in  Phillips  Academy  ;  after  which  he 
read  law  under  the  direction  of  Hon.  Samuel  Dexter.  For 
a  time  he  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits  in  Charles- 
town,  where  he  married  Miss  Lydia,  daughter  of  Hon.  Na- 
thaniel Gorham.  He  moved  to  Andover  and  was  concerned 
in  merchandize  and  agriculture.  He  was  public  spirited  in 
projecting  turnpikes  and  in  encouraging  other  public  im- 
provements. Generous  and  ardent  in  his  feelings,  when  the 
Theological  Institution  in  1807,  was  about  to  be  founded,  he 
with  his  mother,  a  noble  minded,  pious,  and  benevolent  wo- 
man, readily  engaged  to  build  a  large  edifice  for  the  accom- 
modation of  students,  and  a  house  and  hall  and  out  houses 
for  the  steward,  to  a  large  amount,  which  were  completed 
with  all  convenient  despatch. 

He  was  a  commander  of  an  independent  company,  an 
aid  to  Gov.  Strong,  and  a  Senator  for  the  county  of  Essex. 
He  left  a  widow,  three  sons  and  ten  daughters. 

1819.  Samuel  Phillips,  son  of  Hon.  John  Phillips,  born 
March  8,  1801  ;  attorney  at  Law,  Andover,  South  Parish. 

1703.  *  Joseph  Stevens,  son  of  dea.  Joseph  Stevens,  a 
Tutor  and  Fellow  of  the  college,was  ordained  colleague  with 
Rev.  S.  BradstreetofCharlestown,  Oct.  13,  1713.  He  was 
a  man  of  great  accomplishments,  a  valuable  minister,  and 
likely  to  have  been  eminent  in  his  day.  He  was  a  fervent 
and  eloquent  preacher,  cheerful  though  serious,  in  conver- 
sation ;  gentle  as  a  father,  and  beloved  by  all  his  congrega- 
tion. His  last  discourse,  entitled,  another  and  better  coun- 
try, &c.  and  annexed  to  it,  a  discourse  on  the  death  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Brattle  of  Cambridge  were  published.  In  1715, 
he  preached  the  Artillery  Election  Sermon.  He  died  of 
the  small  pox,  Nov  16,  1721,  aged  39  years.  His  wife  and 
two  children  died  of  the  same  disease  at  the  same  time. 


LIST  OF  GRADUATES.  149 

Rev.  Benjamin  Stevens,  D.  D.  an  eminent  minister  at  Kit- 
tery,  was  his  son  and  grand-father  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph 
S.  Buckminster,  Boston.  [See  Allen's  Biog.  Diet,  and 
Rev.  S.  Phillips'  MS.  Ser.] 

1734.  *Phinehas  Stevens,  son  of  Ebenezer  Stevens,  was 
the  first  minister  of  Boscawen,  ordained  over  the  church  at 
Contoocook,  the  original  name  of  that  place,  Oct.  29,1740  ; 
and  died  Jan.  19,  1755. 

1809.  *Samuel  Stevens,  son  of had   the 

reputation  of  a  good  scholar  and  was  a  promising  young 
man  ;  died  Nov.  1809,  in  the  3 1st  year  of  his  age. 

1819.  William  Stevens,  son  of  Jonathan  Stevens,  At- 
torney at  Law,  Belfast,  Me. 

1828.  Y.  C.  Isaac  Stuart,  son  of  Professor  Stuart. 
1823.  *Benjamin  Swett,  son  of  Capt.  Benjamin  Swett, 
born  at  Salem,  died  Dec.  20,  1823,  in  the  20th  year  of  his 
age ;  an  amiable  and  interesting  young  man. 

1780.  *William  Symmes,  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Symmes,  af- 
ter pursuing  the  study  of  the  law,  under  the  direction  of 
Judge  Parsons,  began  practice  at  Andover,  was  member  of 
the  Convention  for  ratifying  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  in  1788.  He  moved  to  Portland,  and  established 
himself  as  a  Counsellor  at  Law,  where  he  died  Jan.  14, 
1807,  in  the  47th  year  of  his  age,  not  having  been  married. 
1664.  *John  Woodbridge,  son  of  Rev.  John  Wood- 
bridge,  probably  born  in  Andover,  settled  in  the  ministry 
at  Killingworth,  Con.  in  1666;  in  1679,  he  removed  to 
Weathersfield,  where  he  was  installed,  and  continued  till 
his  death,  in  1690.  His  son  John  graduated  at  H.  C.  1694, 
was  the  first  minister  of  West  Springfield. 

1823.  D.  C.  *  Joseph  W.  Woods,  son  of  Professor  Leon- 
ard Woods,  died  Nov.  1827,  aged  25  years. 

1827.  U.  C.  Leonard  Woods,  son  of  Professor  Woods, 
student  in  Divinity. 

13* 


150 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


PHYSICIANS. 


Whether,  before  the  year  1718,  a  practising  physician 
resided  in  Andover,  has  not  been  ascertained. 

Israel  How,  from  Ipswich,  in  1718,  was  offered  by  the 
proprietors  a  grant  of  land  for  encouragement  to  settle  in 
Andover  in  the  practice  of  physic.  He  resided  in  the  S. 
Parish,  and  died  July  1740.  Daniel  his  son  often  took 
care  of  insane  persons  ;  he  died  Nov.  1797,  aged  78. 

Nicholas  Noyes,  from  Ipswich,  settled  in  the  N.  Parish, 
about  1725.  He  died  May  25,  1765,  aged  63.  Sarah,  his 
wife,  died  1790,  aged  87.  Their  sons,  Nicholas,  Timothy 
died  1811,  aged  88,  Ward. 

Parker  Clark  came  to  Andover  about  1741 ;  he  remov- 
ed to  Newbury  about  1750.  He  married  Lydia,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  S.  Phillips,  who  died  Nov.  1749,  leaving  one 
son  and  three  daughters. 

Nehemiah  Abbot,  from  Lexington,  settled  in  Andover 
about  1741  moved  to  Chelmsford  about  1772,  where  he 
died,  in  1785. 

John  Kittredge,  from  Tewksbury,  a  grandson  of  John 
Kittredge,  a  physician  from  Germany,  who  settled  in  Bil- 
lerica,  settled  in  the  N.  P.  about  1743,  was  much  employed 
as  a  surgeon.  He  died  July  1776,  aged  66.  Benjamin, 
his  son,  a  physician  in  Tewksbury  ;  Thomas,  M.  D.  Ando- 
ver ;  Jacob,  physician  in  Dover,  N.  H.  John  resided  in 
Andover. 

Abiel  Abbot,  son  of  Benjamin  Abbot,  a  short  time  a 
student  in  H.  Coll.,  studied  physic  with  Dr.  Robie  of  Sud- 
bury, was  surgeon  two  or  three  years  in  the  army,  settled 
in  the  South  Parish.     He  died  June  1764,  aged  28. 

Joseph  Osgood,  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  deacon  John  Os- 
good moved  to  Andover  about  1752,  and  soon  after  began 
practice.     He  died  Jan.  1797,  aged  78. 


PHYSICIANS.  151 

Ward  Noyes,  son  of  Dr.  Nicholas  Noyes,  was  a  surgeon 
in  the  army,  and  practised  as  a  physician  in  the  North  Par- 
ish.    He  died  Dec.  1808,  aged  79. 

Symons  Baker,  from  Methuen,  was  many  years  a  phy- 
sician in  the  South  Parish.  He  died  July  1815,  aged  82 ; 
left  two  sons,  Symons  and  Henry. 

Thomas  Kittredge,  M.  D.  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  Dr.  John 
Kittrcdge,  after  academical  education  at  Dummer  School, 
studied  medicine  under  direction  of  Dr.  Sawyer  of  New- 
buryport,  had  extensive  practice  as  a  surgeon  and  physi- 
cian in  Andover  and  vicinity.  He  was  often  a  Representa- 
tive in  the  General  Court,  was  a  Senator,  and  a  Justice  of  the 
court  of  Sessions.  He  died  Oct.  1818,  aged  72.  He  left 
two  sons,  John  and  Joseph,  and  four  daughters.  [See 
Thacher's  Biog.] 

George  Osgood,  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  Dr.  Joseph  Osgood, 
after  a  course  of  professional  study,  spent  some  time  in 
practice  at  New  Bedford.  At  the  solicitation  of  his  father, 
he  settled  with  him  in  the  North  Parish,  and  was  for  many 
years  a  respectable  practitioner.  He  represented  the  town 
in  the  General  Court  and  was  a  useful  citizen.  He  died 
Oct.  24,  1823,  aged  65.  He  left  four  sons,  George,  a 
physician  in  Danvers ;  Joseph  Otis,  physician  in  Kensing- 
ton ;  Benjamin,  in  mercantile  business ;  and  John,  physi- 
cian in  Lovewell,  Me.;  and  four  daughters. 

Abiel  Pearson,  M.  M.  S.  S.  from  Byefield  ;  graduated 
D.  Coll.  1779 ;  after  medical  education  under  direction  of 
Dr.  Holyoke  of  Salem,  began  practice  in  South  Parish  in 
1787.  He  was  esteemed  as  a  physician,  and  respected  as 
a  good  citizen.  Ne  died  May  1827,  aged  71.  He  left 
two  sons,  David-Sewall  and  Samuel-M.,  and  two  daughters. 

Joseph  Kittredge,  M.  M.  S.  S.  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Kit- 
tredge, graduated  D.  Coll.  1806,  after  a  course  of  profes- 
sional study,  went  into  practice  with  his  father.    . 


152  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Nathaniel  Swift,  M.  M.  S.  S.  from  Dorchester,  after  pre- 
paratory study  with  Dr.  Thomas  Kittredge,  began  prac* 
tice  in  the  South  Parish  in  1813. 

John  I.  Carlton,  M.  D.  graduated  H.  U.  1814,  after 
preparatory  studies  under  direction  of  Dr.  Kittredge,  began 
practice  in  the  North  Parish  1817. 

Daniel  Wardwell,  M.  M.  S.  S.  from  Nelson,  N.  H., 
studied  his  profession  with  Dr.  Kittredge,  and  having  for 
some  time  practised  in  Beverly  and  Lyndeborough,  settled 
in  the  South  Parish,  1822. 

Jonas  Underwood,  M.  D.  graduated  H.  U.  1815;  pur- 
sued his  medical  studies  under  the  direction  of  Drs.  Dorsey 
and  Chapman,  Philadelphia.  Having  practised  some  time 
in  the  City,  he  removed  to  Andover  1823. 

Samuel  Johnson,  son  of  Samuel  Johnson,  sometime  a 
student  in  H.  U.  studied  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Kit- 
tredge, and  began  practice  in  1825. 

Attorneys  and  Counsellors  at  Law. 

William  Symmes,  H.  U. 

Samuel  Farrar,  H.  U.  1797,  from  Lincoln,  settled  in 
Andover  1801. 

Hobart  Clark,  from  Sterling,  settled  in  Andover,  1811. 

Samuel  Merrill,  H.  U.1807,  from  Haverhill,  began  bus- 
iness, 1811. 

Amos  Spaulding,  D.  C.  from  Carlisle,  1814. 

Samuel  Phillips,  H.  U.  1819,  began  business  in  1825. 

Magistrates. 

Simon  Bradstreet,  Assist.  Gov.  George  Abbot 

Dudley  Bradstreet,  Assistant.  Samuel  Osgood,  Rep.  to  Cong". 

Benjamin  Stevens  Samuel  Phillips,  Pres.  of  Sen.  Lt. 

John  Osgood  Gov. 

Samuel  Phillips,  Couns.  Joshua  Holt 

Joseph  Frye  Nathaniel  Lovejoy 


MAGISTRATES  AND  REPRESENTATIVES. 


153 


Samuel  Abbot 

Peter  Osgood 

Jacob  Abbot,  Senator 

Thomas  Kittredge,  Senator 

Isaac  Osgood 

John  L.  Abbot 

John  Phillips,  Senator 

Samuel  Farrar 

George  Osgood 

John  Kneeland 

Hobart  Clark,  Senator 

John  Cornish 

IVJark  Newman 


Samuel  Merrill 

Joshua  Chandler 

Frederick  Frye 

John  Adams 

Nathaniel  Swift 

Abiel  Abbot 

Amos  Spaulding,  Senator 

Joseph  Kittredge 

Stephen  Barker,  Counsellor 

Gay  ton  P.  Osgood 

William  Johnson 

Elijah  L.  Herrick 


Representatives  in  the  General  Court. 


1651.  John  Osgood 

1666.  John  Osgood 

1670.  Samuel  Bradstreet,  Boston 

1671-2.  Thomas  Savage,  Boston  '* 

1677.  Dudley  Bradstreet 

1678.  Thomas  Chandler 
1690.  Christopher  Osgood 
1692.  John  Frye 
Nehemiah  Abbot 

James  Bridges 
James  Frye 
Thomas  Chandler 
Joseph  Frye 
Samuel  Phillips 
Moody  Bridges 


Samuel  Osgood 
Samuel  Phillips 
Joshua  Holt 
Peter  Osgood 
Thomas  Kittredge 
John  Kneeland 
Joshua  Chandler 
John  Cornish 
Timothy  Osgood 
George  Osgood 
Benjamin  Jenkins 
Stephen  Barker 
Amos  Spaulding 
William  Johnson 
Samuel  Merrill 


CHAP.  VII. 

WITCHCRAFT. 

The  delusion  concerning  Witchcraft  prevailed  in  Bri- 
tain before  the  settlement  of  this  country,  and  the  first  set- 
tlers in  New  England  brought  with  them  opinions  imbibed 
in  their  native  land.  There  had  been  many  instances  of 
supposed  witchcraft,  and  some  had  suffered  death,   before 


%lcj]Ua     ILj  i 


154  HISTORY  ANDOVER. 

the  famous  delusion  of  1692,  which  began  in  Salem  Village. 
The  people  in  Andover,  as  well  as  in  other  towns,  suffered 
extremely.  The  alarm  and  distress  could  not  have  been 
greater  in  the  most  perilous  time  of  Indian  warfare. 

It  was  believed,  that  some  girls  at  Salem  Village,  could 
discover  and  tell  who  afflicted  persons  and  were  witches,  by 
their  spectres.  Joseph  Ballard,  whose  wife  was  sick,  was 
induced  by  advice,  to  send  for  some  of  those  accusers,  to 
inform  him  who  afflicted  his  wife.  Soon  after  these 
were  sent  for,  many  of  the  people  were  assembled  at  the 
meeting  house,  and  these  persons  had  full  scope  to  display 
their  pretended  skill.  More  than  fifty  in  Andover  were 
complained  of  for  afflicting  their  neighbours  and  others. 
Dudley  Bradstreet,  Esq.  having  granted  thirty  or  forty  war- 
rants for  commitments,  at  length  refused  to  grant  any  more. 

He  and  his  wife  were  immediately  accused  ;  he  was 
said  to  have  killed  nine  persons  by  witchcraft.  He  found 
it  necessary  for  safety  to  make  his  escape.  Many  of  those 
who  were  accused  and  committed  were  women  of  good 
character,  and  among  the  most  respectable  in  the  town. 

That  the  reader  may  be  correctly  informed,  I  will  dis- 
tinctly state,  from  undoubted  authority  and  documents,  the 
examinations,  confessions,  recantations,  and  trials  of  per- 
sons who  were  accused  and  imprisoned,  from  which  may 
be  learned  their  extreme  distress. 

Examinations  and  confessions  of  Ann  Foster,  her  daughter  Mary 
Lacey,  and  her  grand  daughter  Mary  Lacey,  jr.,  July  21,1692, 
before  Major  Gidney,  Mr.  Hawthorne,  Mr.  Corwin  and  Capt. 
Higginson. 

"  Question.  Goody  Foster  !  you  remember  we  have 
three  times  spoken  with  you,  and  do  you  now  remember 
what  you  then  confessed  to  us  ?  You  have  been  engaged 
in  very  great  wickedness,  and  some  have  been  left  to  hard- 
ness of  heart  to  deny  ;  but  it  seems  that  God  will  give  you 


WITCHCRAFT.  155 

more  favor  than  others,  inasmuch  as  you  relent.  But  your 
daughter  here  hath  confessed  some  things  that  you  did  not 
tell  us  of.  Your  daughter  was  with  you  and  Goody  Carri- 
er, when  you  did  ride  upon  the  stick.  Ansicer.  I  did  not 
know  it.  Q.  How  long  have  you  known  your  daughter  to 
be  engaged  ?  A.  I  cannot  tell,  nor  have  I  any  knowledge 
of  it  at  all.  Q.  Did  you  see  your  daughter  at  the  meeting  ? 
A.  No.  Q.  Your  daughter  said  she  was  at  the  witches' 
meeting,  and  that  you  yourself  stood  at  a  distance  off,  and 
did  not  partake  at  that  meeting ;  and  you  said  so  also ; 
give  us  a  relation  from  the  beginning  until  now.  A.  I 
know  none  of  their  names  that  were  there,  but  only  Goody 
Carrier.  Q.  Would  you  know  their  faces  if  you  saw  them  1 
A.  I  cannot  tell.  Q.  Were  there  not  two  companies  in  the 
field  at  the  same  time  1  A.  I  remember  no  more.  Mary 
Warren,  one  of  the  afflicted,  said  that  Goody  Carrier's  shape 
told  her,  that  Goody  Foster  had  made  her  daughter  a  witch. 
Q.  Do  not  you  acknowledge  that  you  did  so  about  thirteen 
years  ago  1  A,  No,  and  I  know  no  more  of  my  daughter's 
being  a  witch,  than  what  day  I  shall  die  upon.  Q.  Are  you 
willing  your  daughter  should  make  a  full  and  free  confes- 
sion ?  A.  Yes.  Q.  Are  you  willing  to  do  so  too  ?  A,  Yes. 
Q.  You  cannot  expect  peace  of  conscience  without  a 
free  confession.  A.  If  I  knew  any  thing  more  I  would 
speak  it  to  the  utmost. — Goody  Lacey,  the  daughter  call- 
ed in,  began  thus  ;  Oh  !  mother  !  how  do  you  do  1  We 
have  left  Christ,  and  the  devil  hath  gat  hold  of  us.  How 
shall  I  get  rid  of  this  evil  one  ?  I  desire  God  to  break  my 
rocky  heart,  that  I  may  get  the  victory  this  time.  Q.  Goody 
Foster  !  you  cannot  get  rid  of  this  snare  ;  your  heart  and 
mouth  is  not  open.  A,  I  did  not  see  the  devil,  I  was  pray- 
ing to  the  Lord.  Q.  What  Lord  1  A.  To  God.  Q.  What 
God  do  witches  pray  to  ?  A.  I  cannot  tell,  the  Lord  help 
me.  Q.  Goody  Lacey  !  had  you  no  discourse  with  your 
mother  when  riding  ?     A.  No,  I  think  I  had  not  a  word. 


155  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Q.  Who  rid  foremost  on  that  stick  to  the  village  ?  A.  I 
suppose  my  mother.  Goody  Foster  said,  that  Goody  Car- 
rier was  foremost.  Q.  Goody  Lacey  !  how  many  years  ago 
since  they  were  baptized  ?  A.  Three  or  four  years  ago,  I 
suppose.  Q.  Who  baptized  them  ?  A.  The  old  serpent. 
Q.  How  did  he  do  it  ?  A.  He  dipped  their  heads  in  the  wa- 
ter, saying  they  were  his,  and  that  he  had  power  over  them. 
Q.  Where  was  this  ?  A.  At  Fall's  river.  Q.  How  many 
were  baptized  that  day  ?  A.  Some  of  the  chief;  I  think 
there  were  six  baptized.  Q.  Name  them  ?  A.  1  think 
they  were  of  the  higher  powers. —Mary  Lacey,  the  grand 
daughter,  was  brought  in,  and  Mary  Warren  fell  into  a  vi- 
olent fit.  Q.  How  dare  you  come  in  here,  and  bring  the 
devil  with  you,  to  afflict  these  poor  creatures  ? — Lacey  laid 
her  hand  on  Warren's  arm,  and  she  recovered  from  her  fit. 
Q.  You  are  here  accused  of  practising  witchcraft  upon 
Goody  Ballard  ;  which  way  do  you  do  it  ?  A.  I  cannot 
tell.  Where  is  my  mother  that  made  me  a  witch,  and  I 
knew  it  not  ?  Q.  Can  you  look  upon  that  maid,  Mary 
Warren,  and  not  hurt  her  ?  Look  upon  her  in  a  friendly 
way.  She,  trying  to  do  so,  struck  her  down  with  her  eyes. 
Q.  Do  you  acknowledge  now  you  are  a  witch  ?  A.  Yes. 
Q.  How  long  have  you  been  a  witch  1  A.  Not  above  a 
week.  Q.  Did  the  devil  appear  to  you  ?  A.  Yes.  Q.  In 
what  shape  ?  A.  In  the  shape  of  a  horse.  Q.  What  did  he 
say  to  you  ?  A.  He  bid  me  not  be  afraid  of  any  thing,  and 
he  would  not  bring  me  out :  but  he  has  proved  a  liar  from 
the  beginning.  Q.  When  was  this?  A.  I  know  not, 
above  a  week.  Q.  Did  you  set  your  hand  to  the  book  ? 
A.  No.  Q.  Did  he  bid  you  worship  him?  A.  Yes  ;  he 
bid  me  also  afflict  persons. — You  are  now  in  the  way  to 
obtain  mercy,  if  you  will  confess  and  repent.  She  said, 
The  Lord  help  me  !  Q.  Do  not  you  desire  to  be  saved  by 
Christ  ?     A.  Yes.  Then  you  must  confess  freely  what  you 


WITCHCRAFT.  157 

know  in  this  matter. — She  then  proceeded.  I  was  in  bed, 
and  the  devil  came  to  me,  and  bid  me  obey  him  and  I 
should  want  for  nothing,  and  he  would  not  bring  me  out. 
Q.  But  how  long  ago  ?  A.  A  little  more  than  a  year.  Q. 
Was  that  the  first  time  ?  A.  Yes.  Q,.  How  long  was  you 
gone  from  your  father,  when  you  ran  away?  A.  Two  days. 
Q.  Where  had  you  your  food  ?  A.  At  John  Stone's.  Q. 
Did  the  devil  appear  to  you  then,  when  you  was  abroad  ? 
A.  No,  but  he  put  such  thoughts  in  my  mind  as  not  to  obey 
my  parents.  Q.  Who  did  the  devil  bid  you  afflict  ?  A. 
Timothy  Swan.  Richard  Carrier  comes  often  a-nights  and 
has  me  to  afflict  persons.  Q.  Where  do  ye  go?  A.  To 
Goody  Ballard's,  sometimes.  Q.  How  many  of  you  were 
there  at  a  time  ?  A.  Richard  Carrier  and  his  mother,  and 
my  mother  and  grandmother. — Upon  reading  over  the  con- 
fession so  far,  Goody  Lacey,  the  mother,  owned  this  last 
particular.  Q,.  How  many  more  witches  are  there  in  An- 
dover?     A.  I  know  no  more,  but  Richard  Carrier. 

Carrier  at  first,  denied  all,  but  was  followed  until  he 
was  brought  to  accuse  his  mother,  much  in  the  same  man- 
ner with  Foster's  daughter  and  grand-daughter. 

Dorothy  Faulkner,  a  child  often  years,  Abigail  Faulk- 
ner of  eight,  and  Sarah  Carrier  between  seven  and  eight, 
were  among  the  confessing  witches. 

Sarah  Carrier's  Conflssion,  August  11,  1692. 
It  was  asked  Sarah  Carrier  by  the  magistrates  or  justices, 
John  Hawthorne  Esq.  and  others  ; — How  long  hast  thou 
been  a  witch  ?  A.  Ever  since  I  was  six  years  old.  Q.  How 
old  are  you  now  ?  A.  Near  eight  years  old  ;  brother  Rich- 
ard says  I  shall  be  eight  years  old  in  November  next. 
Q.  Who  made  you  a  witch  ?  A.  My  mother ;  she  made 
me  set  my  hand  to  a  book.  Q.  How  did  you  set  your  hand 
to  it  ?  A.  I  touched  it  with  my  fingers,  and  the  book  was 
red,  and  the  paper  of  it  was  white.  She  said  she  never  had 
seen  the  black  man ;  the  place  where  she  did  it  was  in 
14 


I 


158  niSTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Andrew  Foster's  pasture,  and  Elizabeth  Johnson,  jun.  was 
there.  Being  asked  who  was  there  beside,  she  answered, 
her  aunt  Toothaker  and  her  cousin.  Being  asked  when  it 
was,  she  said,  when  she  was  baptized.  Q.  What  did  they 
promise  to  give  you  ?  A.  A  black  dog.  Q.  Did  the  dog 
ever  come  to  you  ?  A.  No.  Q.  But  you  said  you  saw  a 
cat  once  :  what  did  that  say  to  you  1  A.  It  said  it  would 
tear  me  in  pieces  if  I  would  not  set  my  hand  to  the  book. 
She  said  her  mother  baptized  her,  and  the  devil  or  black 
man  was  not  there,  as  she  saw  ;  and  her  mother  said  when 
she  baptized  her,  Thou  art  mine  forever  and  ever,  and 
amen.  Q.  How  did  you  afflict  folks?  A.  I  pinched  them, 
and  she  said  she  had  no  puppets,  but  she  went  to  them  that 
she  afflicted.  Being  asked  whether  she  went  in  her  body 
or  her  spirit ;  she  said,  in  her  spirit.  She  said  her  mother 
carried  her  thither  to  afflict.  Q.  How  did  your  mother 
carry  you  when  she  was  in  prison  ?  A,  She  came  like  a 
black  cat.  Q.  How  did  you  know  that  it  was  your  moth- 
er ?  A.  The  cat  told  me  so,  that  she  was  my  mother. 
She  said  she  afflicted  Phelps'  child  last  Saturday,  and 
Elizabeth  Johnson  joined  with  her  to  do  it.  She  had  a 
wooden  spear,  about  as  long  as  her  finger,  of  Elizabeth 
Johnson,  and  she  had  it  of  the  devil.  She  would  not  own 
that  she  had  ever  been  at  the  witch  meeting  at  the  village. 
This  is  the  substance.     Attest, 

Simon  Willard. 

This  poor  child's  mother  then  lay  under  sentence  of 
death,  the  mother  of  the  other  two  children  was  in  prison, 
and  soon  after  tried  and  condemned,  but  upon  her  confes- 
sion reprieved,  and  finally  pardoned. 

"I  meet  with  but  one  person  in  near  an  hundred  whose 
examinations  are  upon  file,  that  was  dismissed  after  having 
been  once  charged,  for  which  he  might  thank  one  of  the 
girls  who  would  not  agree  with  the  rest  in  the  accusation." 

[Hutchinson.] 

r 

l 


WITCHCRAFT.  159 

The  examination  of  Nehemiah  Abbot  at  a  court  at  Salem  village, 
by  John  Hawthorne  and  Jonathan  Corwin,  Esqrs.  April  22, 
1692. 

What  say  you,  are  you  guilty  of  witchcraft,  of  which 
you  are  suspected,  or  not  ?  No  sir,  I  say  before  God,  be- 
fore whom  I  stand,  that  I  know  nothing  of  witchcraft. 
Who  is  this  man  ?  Ann  Putnam  named  him.  Mary  Wol- 
cott  said  she  had  seen  his  shape.  What  do  you  say  to  this  1 
I  never  did  hurt  them.  Who  hurt  you,  Ann  Putnam  1 
That  man.  I  never  hurt  her.  Ann  Putnam  said,  he  is 
upon  the  beam.  Just  such  a  discovery  of  the  person  car- 
ried out,  and  she  confessed  ;  and  if  you  would  find  mercy 
of  God,  you  must  confess.  If  I  should  confess  this  I  must 
confess  what  is  false.  Tell  how  far  you  have  gone  ;  who 
hurts  you  1  I  do  not  know,  I  am  absolutely  free.  As  you 
say,  God  knows.  If  you  will  confess  the  truth,  we  desire 
nothing  else,  that  you  may  not  hide  your  guilt,  if  you  are 
guilty,  and  therefore  confess,  if  so.  I  speak  before  God, 
that  I  am  clear  from  this  accusation.  What,  in  all  re- 
spects ?  Yes,  in  all  respects.  Doth  this  man  hurt  you  ? 
Their  mouths  were  stopped.  You  hear  several  accuse, 
though  one  cannot  open  her  mouth.  I  am  altogether  free. 
Charge  him  not,  unless  it  be  he.  This  is  the  man,  say 
some,  and  some  say  he  is  very  like  him.  How  did  you 
know  his  name  ?  He  did  not  tell  me  himself,  but  other 
witches  told  me.  Ann  Putnam  said  it  is  the  same  man, 
and  then  she  was  taken  with  a  fit.  Mary  Wolcott,  is  this 
the  man  ?  He  is  like  him,  I  cannot  say  it  is  he.  Mercy 
Lewis  said,  it  is  not  the  man.  They  all  agreed  the  man 
had  a  bunch  on  his  eyes.  Ann  Putnam,  in  a  fit,  said,  Be 
you  the  man  ?  Ay,  do  you  say  you  be  the  man  1  did  you 
put  a  mist  before  my  eyes  ! — Then  he  was  sent  forth  till 
several  others  were  examined.  When  he  was  brought  in 
again,    by  reason  of  much   people  and  many  in   the  win- 


160  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

dows  so  that  the  accusers  could  not  have  a  clear  view  of 
him,  he  was  ordered  to  be  abroad,  and  the  accusers  to  go 
forth  to  him  and  view  him  in  the  light,  which  they  did, 
and,  in  the  presence  of  the  magistrates  and  many  others, 
discoursed  quietly  with  him,  one  and  all  acquitting  him  ; 
but  yet  said  he  was  like  that  man,  but  he  had  not  the  wen 
they  saw  in  his  apparition. 

Note.  He  was  a  hilly  faced  man,  and  stood  shaded  by 
reason  of  his  own  hair,  so  that  for  a  time  he  seemed  to 
some  by-standers  and  observers  to  be  considerably  like  the 
person  the  afflicted  did  describe. 

Mr.  Samuel  Paris,  being  desired  to  take  in  writing  the 
examination  of  Nehemiah  Abbot,  hath  delivered  it  as  afore- 
said, and  upon  hearing  the  same  did  see  cause  to  dismiss 
him. 

John  Hawthorne,  >    .     . 

JONA.  COBWIN,  ]  -4»»"«". 

The  examination  and  confession  (September  8,  1692)  of  Mary  Os- 
good, wife  of  Capt.  Osgood,  of  Andover,  taken  before  John 
Bawtborne  and  other  Majesties'  Justices. 
She  confesses,  that  about  eleven  years  ago,  when  she  was 
in  a  melancholy  state  and  condition,  she  used  to  walk  abroad 
in  her  orchard  ;  and  upon  a  certain  time  she  saw  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  cat,  at  the  end  of  the  house,  which  yet  she 
thought  was  a  real  cat.  However,  at  that  time,  it  diverted 
her  from  praying  to  God,  and  instead  thereof  she  prayed  to 
the  devil ;  about  which  time  she  made  a  covenant  with  the 
devil,  who  as  a  black  man,  came  to  her  and  presented  her 
a  book,  upon  which  she  laid  her  ringer,  and  that  left  a  red 
spot :  and  that  upon  her  signing,  the  devil  told  her  he  was 
her  god,  and  that  she  should  serve  and  worship  him  ;  and 
she  believes  she  consented  to  it.  She  says  further,  that 
about  two  years  agone,  she  was  carried  through  the  air,  in 
company  with  deacon  Frye's  wife,  Ebenezer  Barker's  wife, 


WITCHCRAFT.  161 

and  Goody  Tyler,  to  five-mile  pond,  where  she  was  bap- 
tized by  the  devil,  who  dipt  her  face  in  the  water,  and 
made  her  renounce  her  former  baptism,  and  told  her  she  must 
be  his,  soul  and  body,  forever,  and  that  she  must  serve  him, 
which  she  promised  to  do.  She  says,  the  renouncing  her 
first  baptism  was  after  her  dipping,  and  that  she  was  trans- 
ported back  again  through  the  air,  in  company  with  the 
forenamed  persons,  in  the  same  manner  as  she  went,  and 
believes  they  were  carried  upon  a  pole.  Q.  How  many 
persons  were  upon  the  pole  ?  i.  As  I  have  said  before, 
viz.  four  persons  and  no  more,  but  whom  she  had  named 
above.  She  confesses  she  has  afflicted  three  persons,  John 
Sawdy,  Martha  Sprague,  and  Rose  Foster,  and  that  she 
did  it  by  pinching  her  bed  clothes,  and  giving  consent  the 
devil  should  do  it  in  her  shape,  and  that  the  devil  could 
not  do  it  without  her  consent.  She  confesses  the  afflicting 
persons  in  the  court,  by  the  glance  of  her  eye.  She  says, 
as  she  was  coming  down  to  Salem  to  be  examined,  she  and 
the  rest  of  the  company  with  her  stopped  at  Mr.  Phillips' 
to  refresh  themselves,  and  the  afflicted  persons,  being  be- 
hind them  upon  the  road,  came  up  just  as  she  was  mount- 
ing again,  and  were  then  afflicted,  and  cried  out  upon  her, 
so  that  she  was  forced  to  stay  until  they  were  all  past,  and 
said  she  only  looked  that  way  towards  them.  Q.  Do  you 
know  the  devil  can  take  the  shape  of  an, innocent  person 
and  afflict  ?  A.  I  believe  he  cannot.  Q.  Who  taught 
you  this  way  of  witchcraft  1  A.  Satan  ;  and  that  he  prom- 
ised her  abundance  of  satisfaction  and  quietness,  in  her 
future  state,  but  never  performed  any  thing  ;  and  that  she 
has  lived  more  miserably  and  more  discontented  since,  than 
ever  before.  She  confesses  further,  that  she  herself,  in 
company  with  Goody  Parker,  Goody  Tyler  and  Goody 
Dean,  had  a  meeting  at  Moses  Tyler's  house,  last  Monday 
night,  to  afflict,  and  that  she  and  Goody  Dean  carried  the 
14* 


162  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

shape  of  Mr.  Dean,  the  minister,  between  them,  to 
make  persons  believe  that  Mr.  Dean  afflicted.  Q.  What 
hindered  you  from  accomplishing  what  you  intend- 
ed 1  A.  The  Lord  would  not  suffer  it  so  to  be  ;  that 
the  devil  should  afflict  in  an  innocent  person's  shape. 
Q.  Have  you  been  at  any  other  witch  meetings  1  A.I 
know  nothing  thereof,  as  I  shall  answer  in  the  pres- 
ence of  God  and  his  people  ;  but  said,  that  the  black 
man  stood  before  her,  and  told  her,  that  what  she.  had 
confessed  was  a  lie ;  notwithstanding,  she  said  that 
what  she  had  confessed  was  true,  and  thereto  put  her  hand. 
Her  husband  being  present  was  asked,  if  he  judged  his 
wife  to  be  any  way  discomposed.  He  answered,  that  hav- 
ing lived  with  her  so  long,  he  doth  not  judge  her  to  be  any 
ways  discomposed,  but  has  cause  to  believe  what  she  has 
said  is  true.  When  Mistress  Osgood  was  first  called,  she 
afflicted  Martha  Sprague  and  Rose  Foster  by  the  glance  of 
her  eyes,  and  recovered  them  out  of  their  fits  by  the  touch 
of  her  hand.  Mary  Lacey  and  Betty  Johnson  and  Hannah 
Post  saw  Mistress  Osgood  afflicting  Sprague  and  Foster. 
The  said  Hannah  Post  and  Mary  Lacey  and  Betty  Johnson, 
jun.  and  Rose  Foster  and  Mary  Richardson  were  afflicted 
by  Mistress  Osgood,  in  the  time  of  their  examination,  and 
recovered  by  her  touching  of  their  hands. 

'{'underwritten,  being  appointed  by  authority  to  take 
this  examination,  do  testify  upon  oath,  taken  in  court,  that 
this  is  a  true  copy  of  the  substance  of  it,  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge,  Jan.  5,  169^-3.  The  within  Mary  Osgood 
was  examined   before    their    Majesties'    Justices  of    the 

peace  in  Salem. 

Attest,  John  Higginson,  Just.  Pac." 

The  recantation  of  several  persons  in  Andover  will 
show  in  what  manner  they  were  brought  to  their  confes- 
sions. 


WITCHCRAFT.  163 

M  We  whose  names  are  underwritten,  inhabitants  of 
Andover  ;  when  as  that  horrible  and  tremendous  judgment 
beginning  at  Salem  Village  in  the  year  1692,  by  some  cal- 
led witchcraft,  first  breaking  forth  at  Mr.  Paris's  house, 
several  young  persons,  being  seemingly  afflicted,  did  ac- 
cuse several  persons  for  afflicting  them,  and  many  there 
believing  it  so  to  be,  we  being  informed  that,  if  a  person 
was  sick,  the  afflicted  person  could  tell  what  or  who  was 
the  cause  of  that  sickness  :  Joseph  Ballard,  of  Andover, 
his  wife  being  sick  at  the  same  time,  he  either  from  him- 
self or  by  the  advice  of  others,  fetched  two  of  the  persons, 
called  the  afflicted  persons,  from  Salem  Village  to  Andover, 
which  was  the  beginning  of  that  dreadful  calamity  that 
befel  us  in  Andover,  believing  the  said  accusations  to  be 
true,  sent  for  the  said  persons  to  come  over  to  the  meeting 
house  in  Andover,  the  afflicted  persons  being  there.  Af- 
ter Mr.  Barnard  had  been  at  prayer,  we  were  blindfolded, 
and  our  hands  were  laid  upon  the  afflicted  persons,  they 
being  in  their  fits  and  falling  in  their  fits  at  our  coming  in- 
to their  presence,  as  they  said  ;  and  some  led  us  and  laid 
our  hands  upon  them,  and  then  they  said  they  were  well, 
and  that  we  were  guilty  of  afflicting  them.  Whereupon 
we  were  all  seized,  as  prisoners,  by  a  warrant  from  the 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  forthwith  carried  to  Salem.  And, 
by  reason  of  that  sudden  surprisal,  we  knowing  ourselves 
altogether  innocent  of  that  crime,  we  were  all  exceedingly 
astonished  and  amazed,  and  consternated  and  affrighted 
even  out  of  our  reason  ;  and  our  nearest  and  dearest  rela- 
tions, seeing  us  in  that  dreadful  condition,  and  knowing 
our  great  danger,  apprehended  there  was  no  other  way  of 
saving  our  lives,  as  the  case  was  then  circumstanced,  but 
by  our  confessing  ourselves  to  be  such  and  such  persons  as 
the  afflicted  represented  us  to  be,  they,  out  of  tenderness 
and  pity,  persuaded  us  to  confess  what  we  did  confess. 


164  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVKR. 

And  indeed  that  confession,  that  it  is  said  we  made,  was 
no  other  than  what  was  suggested  to  us  by  some  gentle- 
men, they  telling  us  that  we  were  witches,  and  they  knew 
it,  and  we  knew  it,  which  made  us  think  that  it  was  so; 
and  our  understandings,  our  reason,  our  faculties  almost 
gone,  we  were  not  capable  of  judging  of  our  condition  ; 
as  also  the  hard  measures  they  used  with  us  rendered  us 
incapable  of  making  our  defence,  but  said  any  thing  and 
every  thing  which  they  desired,  and  most  of  what  we  said, 
was  but  in  effect  a  consenting  to  what  they  said.  Some- 
time after,  when  we  were  better  composed,  they  telling  us 
what  we  had  confessed,  we  did  profess  that  we  were  inno- 
cent and  ignorant  of  such  things  ;  and  we  hearing  that 
Samuel  Wardwell  had  renounced  his  confession,  and  quick- 
ly after  condemned  and  executed,  some  of  us  were  told 
we  were  going  after  Wardwell.  Mary  Osgood,  Deliv- 
erance Dane,  Sarah  Wilson,  Mary  Tyler,  Abigail  Barker, 
Hannah  Tyler." 

The  testimonial  to  these  persons'  characters  by  the 
principal  inhabitants  of  Andover,  will  outweigh  the  credu- 
lity of  the  justices  who  committed  them,  or  of  the  grand 
jury  which  found  bills  against  them. 

"To  the  honored  court  of  Assize,  held  at  Salem. — The 
humble  address  of  several  of  the  inhabitants  of  Andover. 

"  May  it  please  this  honored  court, — We  being  ser*si6le  of 
the  great  sufferings  our  neighbors  have  been  long  under  in 
prison,  and  charitably  judging  that  many  of  them  are  clear 
of  that  great  transgression  which  hath  been  laid  to  their 
charge,  have  thought  it  our  duty  to  endeavor  their  vindi- 
cation so  far  as  our  testimony  for  them  will  avail.  The 
persons,  in  whose  behalf  we  are  desired  and  concerned  to 
speak  something  at  present,  are  Mrs.  Mary  Osgood,  Eu- 
nice Frye,  Deliverance  Dane,  Sarah  Wilson  and  Abigail 
Barker,  who  are  women  of  whom   we  can  truly  give  this 


WITCHCRAFT.  165 

character  and  commendation,  that  they  have  not  only  lived 
among  us  so  inoffensively  as  not  to  give  the  least  occasion 
to  any  that  know  them  to  suspect  them  of  witchcraft,  but 
by  their  sober,  godly  and  exemplary  conversation,  have  ob- 
tained a  good  report  in  the  place,  where  they  have  been 
well  esteemed  and  approved  in  the  church  of  which  they 
are  members. 

"  We  were  surprised  to  hear  that  persons  of  known  in- 
tegrity and  piety  were  accused  of  so  horrid  a  crime,  not 
considering,  then,  that  the  most  innocent  were  liable  to  be 
so  misrepresented  and  abused.  When  these  women  were 
accused  by  some  afflicted  persons  of  the  neighborhood, 
their  relations  and  others,  though  they  had  so  good  grounds 
of  charity  that  they  should  not  have  thought  any  evil  of 
them,  yet  through  a  misrepresentation  of  the  truth  of  that 
evidence  that  was  so  much  credited  and  improved  against 
people,  took  great  pains  to  persuade  them  to  own  what  they 
were,  by  the  afflicted,  charged  with ;  and  indeed  did  un- 
reasonably urge  them  to  confess  themselves  guilty,  as  some 
of  us  who  were  then  present  can  testify.  But  these  good 
women  did  very  much  assert  their  innocency  ;  yet  some  of 
them  said  they  were  not  without  fear  lest  Satan  had  some 
way  ensnared  them,  because  there  was  that  evidence 
against  them  which  then  was  by  many  thought  to  be  a  cer- 
tain indication  and  discovery  of  witchcraft ;  yet  they  serious- 
ly professed  they  knew  nothing  by  themselves  of  that  na- 
ture. Nevertheless,  by  the  unwearied  solicitations  of  those 
that  privately  discoursed  them,  both  at  home  and  at  Salem, 
they  were  at  length  persuaded  publicly  to  own  what  they 
were  charged  with,  and  so  submit  to  that  guilt  which  we 
still  hope  and  believe  they  are  clear  of.  And,  it  is  prob- 
able, the  fear  of  what  the  event  might  be,  and  the  encour- 
agement that,  it  is  said,  was  suggested  to  them,  that  confes- 
sing was  the  only  way  to  obtain  favor,  might  be  too  pow- 


166 


HISTORY    OF    ANDOVER. 


erful  a  temptation  to  timorous  women  to  withstand,  in  the 
hurry  and  distraction  that  we  have  heard  they  were  then 
in.  Had  what  they  said  against  themselves  proceeded 
from  conviction  of  the  fact,  we  should  have  had  nothing  to 
have  said  for  them  ;  but  we  are  induced  to  think  that  it 
did  not,  because  they  did  soon  privately  retract  what  they 
had  said,  as  we  are  informed  ;  and  while  they  were  in  pris- 
on, they  declared  to  such  as  they  had  confidence  to  speak 
freely  and  plainly  to,  that  they  were  not  guilty  of  what 
they  had  owned,  and  that  what  they  had  said  against  them- 
selves was  the  greatest  grief  and  burden  they  labored  un- 
der. Now,  though  we  cannot  but  judge  it  a  thing  very 
sinful  for  innocent  persons  to  own  a  crime  they  are  not 
guilty  of,  yet,  considering  the  well  ordered  conversation  of 
those  women,  while  they  lived  among  us,  and  what  they 
now  seriously  and  constantly  affirm  in  a  more  composed 
frame,  we  cannot  but  in  charity  judge  them  innocent  of 
the  great  transgression  that  hath  been  imputed  to  them. 
As  for  the  rest  of  our  neighbors,  who  are  under  the  like 
circumstances  with  these  that  have  been  named,  we  can 
truly  say  of  them,  that,  while  they  lived  among  us,  we  have 
had  no  cause  to  judge  them  such  persons  as,  of  late,  they 
have  been  represented  and  reported  to  be,  nor  do  we  know 
that  any  of  their  neighbors  had  any  just  grounds  to  sus- 
pect them  of  that  evil  that  they  are  now  charged  with. 

Dudley  Bradstreet. 

Francis  Dane,  Sen. 

Thomas  Barnard,  and  fifty  others." 

The  Indictment  of  Martha  Carry er. 
Essex  ss.     Anno  Regni  Regis  et  Reginae  Wilielm  et  Mariae,  nunc 

Angliae,  etc.  quarto. 

The  Jurors  for  our  sovereign  lord  and  lady  the  King 
and  Queen,  present,  that  Martha  Carryer,  wife  of  Thomas 
Carryer  of  Andover,  in  the  county  of  Essex,  Husbandman, 


WITCHCRAFT.  167 

the  thirty  first  day  of  May,  in  the  fourth  year  of  the  reign 
of  our  sovereign  lord  and  lady,  William  and  Mary,  by  the 
grace  of  God,  of  England,  Scotland,  France  and  Ireland, 
King  and  Queen,  defenders  of  the  faith,  &c.  And  divers 
other  days  and  times,  as  well  before  as  after,  certain  detes- 
table arts,  called  witchcrafts,  and  sorceries,  wickedly  and 
feloniously  hath  used,  practised,  and  exercised,  at  and  with- 
in the  township  of  Salem,  in  the  County  of  Essex  aforesaid, 
in,  upon,  and  against  one  Mary  Wolcott  of  Salem  Village, 
single  woman,  in  the  County  of  Essex  aforesaid  ;  by  which 
said  wicked  arts  the  said  Mary  Wolcott,  the  thirty  first  day 
of  May,  in  the  fourth  year  aforesaid,  and  at  divers  other 
days  and  times,  as  well  before  as  after,  was,  and  is  tor- 
tured, afflicted,  pined,  consumed,  wasted  and  tormented  ; 
against  the  peace  of  our  sovereign  lord  and  lady,  William 
and  Mary,  King  and  Queen  of  England  ;  their  crown  and 
dignity,  and  against  the  form  of  the  statute,  in  that  case 
made  and  provided. 

Witnesses — Mary  Wolcott,  Elizabeth  Hubbard, 
Ann  Putnam. 

There  was  also  a  second  indictment  for  afflicting  Eliz- 
abeth Hubbard  by  witchcraft.  Witnesses — Elizabeth 
Hubbard,  Mary  Wolcott,  Ann  Putnam,  Mary  Warrin. 

The  trial  of  Martha  Carry er,  August  2,  1692,  as  stated  by  Dr. 
Cotton  Mather. 
Martha  Carryer  was  indicted  for  the  bewitching  of  certain 
persons  according  to  the  form  usual  in  such  cases:  Plead- 
ing not  guilty  to  her  indictment,  there  were  first  brought 
in  a  considerable  number  of  the  bewitched  persons  ;  who 
not  only  made  the  court  sensible  of  an  horrid  witchcraft 
committed  upon  them,  but  also  deposed,  that  it  was  Martha 
Carryer,  or  her  shape,  that  grievously  tormented  them  by 
biting,   pricking,   pinching  and    choking  them.      It  was 


168  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

further  deposed  that  while  this  Carryer  was  on  her  exam- 
ination before  the  magistrates,  the  poor  people  were  so  tor- 
tured that  every  one  expected  their  death  on  the  very  spot; 
but  that  upon  the  binding  of  Carryer  they  were  eased. 
Moreover,  the  looks  of  Carryer,  then  laid  the  afflicted  peo- 
ple for  dead,  and  her  touch,  if  her  eyes  were  at  the  same 
time  off  them,  raised  them  again.  Which  things  were  also 
now  seen  upon  her  trial.  And  it  was  testified,  that  upon 
the  mention  of  some  having  their  necks  twisted  almost 
round  by  the  shape  of  this  Carryer,  she  replied,  IV s  no 
matter,  though  their  necks  had  been  ticisted  quite  off. 

2.  Before  the  trial  of  this  prisoner,  several  of  her  own 
children  had  frankly  and  fully  confessed,  not  only  that 
they  were  witches  themselves,  but  that  their  mother  had 
made  them  so.  This  confession  they  made  with  great 
shows  of  repentance,  and  with  much  demonstration  of  truth. 
They  related  place,  time,  occasion  ;  they  gave  an  account 
of  journeys,  meetings,  and  mischiefs  by  them  performed  ; 
and  were  very  credible  in  what  they  said.  Nevertheless, 
this  evidence  was  not  produced  against  the  prisoner  at  the 
bar,  in  as  much  as  there  was  other  evidence,  enough  to 
proceed  upon. 

3.  Benjamin  Abbot  gave  in  his  testimony,  that  last 
March  was  a  twelve  month,  this  Carryer  was  very  angry 
with  him,  upon  laying  out  some  land  near  her  husband's. 
Her  expressions  in  this  anger  were,  that  she  would  stick 
as  close  to  Abbot,  as  the  bark  stuck  to  the  tree;  and  that 
he  should  repent  of  it  before  seven  years  came  to  an  end, 
so  as  Dr.  Prescot  should  never  cure  him.  These  words 
were  heard  by  others  besides  Abbot  himself,  who  also  heard 
her  say,  she  would  hold  his  nose  as  close  to  the  grind-stone 
as  ever  it  was  held  since  his  name  was  Abbot.  Presently 
after  this  he  was  taken  with  a  swelling  in  his  foot,  and  then 
with  a  pain  in  his  side,  and  exceedingly  tormented.     It 


WITCHCRAFT.  169 

bred  a  sore,  which  was  lanced  by  Dr.  Prescot,  and  several 
gallons  of  corruption  ran  out  of  it.  For  six  weeks  it  con- 
tinued very  bad ;  and  then  another  sore  bred  in  his  groin, 
which  was  also  Janced  by  Dr.  Prescot.  Another  sore 
bred  in  his  groin  which  was  likewise  cut,  and  put  him  to 
very  great  misery.  He  was  brought  to  death's  door,  and 
so  remained  until  Carryer  was  taken,  and  carried  away 
by  the  constable.  From  which  very  day  he  began  to  mend, 
and  so  grew  better  every  day,  and  is  well  ever  since. 

Sarah  Abbot,  his  wife,  also  testified  that  her  husband  was 
not  only  all  this  while  afflicted  in  his  body  ;  but  also  th  it 
strange,  extraordinary  and  unaccountable  calamities  hefel 
his  cattle  ;  their  death  being  such  as  they  could  guess  no 
natural  reason  for. 

4.  Allin  Toothaker  testified  that  Richard,  the  son  of 
Martha  Carryer,  having  some  difference  with  him,  pulled 
him  down  by  the  hair  of  the  head  ;  when  he  rose  again,  he 
was  going  to  strike  at  Richard  Carryer,  but  fell  down 
flat  on  his  back  to  the  ground,  and  had  not  power  to  stir 
hand  or  foot,  until  he  told  Carryer  he  yielded  ;  and 
then  he  saw  the  shape  of  Martha  Carryer  go  off  his 
breast. 

This  Toothaker  had  received  a  wound  in  the  wars,  and 
he  now  testified,  that  Martha  Carryer  told  him,  he  should 
never  be  cured.  Just  before  the  apprehending  of  Carryer, 
he  could  thrust  a  knitting  needle  into  his  wound  four  inches 
deep,  but  presently  after  her  being  seized,  he  was  thorough- 
ly healed. 

He  further  testified  that  when  Carryer  and  he  sometimes 
were  at  variance,  she  would  clap  her  hands  at  him,  and  say, 
he  should  get  nothing  by  it.  Whereupon  he  several  times 
lost  his  cattle  by  strange  deaths  whereof  no  natural  causes 
could  be  given. 

5.  John  Roger  also  testified  that  upon  the  threatening 
15 


170  HISTORY  ANDOVER. 

words  of  this  malicious  Carryer  his  cattle  would  be  strange- 
ly bewitched ;  as  was  more  particularly  then  described. 

6.  Samuel  Preston  testified  that  about  two  years  ago, 
having  some  difference  with  Martha  Carryer,  he  lost  a  cow 
in  a  strange,  preternatural,  unusual  manner  ;  and  about  a 
month  after  this,  the  said  Carryer,  having  again  some  dif- 
ference with  him,  she  told  him  he  had  lately  lost  a  cow, 
and  it  should  not  be  long  before  he  lost  another  !  which 
accordingly  came  to  pass  ;  for  he  had  a  thriving  and  well 
kept  cow,  which,  without  any  known  cause,  quickly  fell 
down  and  died. 

7.  Phebe  Chandler  testified  that  about  a  fortnight  before 
the  apprehension  of  Martha  Carryer,  on  a  Lord's  day,  while 
the  psalm  was  singing  in  the  church,  this  Carryer  then 
took  her  by  the  shoulder,  and  shaking  her,  asked  her  where 
she  lived  ?  She  made  her  no  answer,  although  as  Carryer, 
who  lived  next  door  to  her  father's  house,  could  not  in  rea- 
son but  know  who  she  was.  Quickly  after  this,  as  she  was 
at  several  times  crossing  the  fields,  she  heard  a  voice  that 
she  took  to  be  Martha  Carryer's,  and  it  seemed  as  if  it  were 
over  her  head.  The  voice  told  her,  she  should  within  two 
or  three  days  be  poisoned.  Accordingly  within  such  a  little 
time,  one  half  of  her  right  hand  became  greatly  swollen 
and  very  painful ;  as  also  part  of  her  face  ;  whereof  she 
can  give  no  account  how  it  came.  It  continued  very  bad 
for  some  days  ;  and  several  times  since  she  has  had  a  great 
pain  in  her  breast ;  and  been  so  seized  on  her  legs  that 
she  has  hardly  been  able  to  go.  She  added ,  that  lately  go- 
ing well  to  the  house  of  God,  Richard,  the  son  of  Martha 
Carryer,  looked  very  earnestly  upon  her,  and  immediately 
her  hand  which  had  formerly  been  poisoned,  as  is  above  said, 
began  to  pain  her  greatly,  and  she  had  a  strange  burning 
at  her  stomach;  bu  was  then  struck  deaf,  so  that  she 
could  not  hear  any  of  the  prayer,  or  singing,  till  the  two  or 
three  last  words  of  the  psalm. 


WITCHCRAFT.  171 

8.  One  Foster,  who  confessed  her  own  share  in  the 
witchcraft,  for  which  the  prisoner  stood  indicted,  affirmed, 
that  she  had  seen  the  prisoner  at  some  of  their  witch-meet- 
ings, and  that  it  was  this  Carryer,  who  persuaded  her  to  be 
a  witch.  She  confessed  that  the  devil  carried  them  on  a 
pole  to  a  witch-meeting,  but  the  pole  broke,  and  she  hang- 
ing about  Carryer's  neck,  they  both  fell  down,  and  she  then 
received  an  hurt  by  the  fall,  whereof  she  was  not  at  this 
very  time  recovered. 

9.  One  Lacy,  who  likewise  confessed  her  share  in  this 
witchcraft,  now  testified  that  she  and  the  prisoner,  were 
once  bodily  present,  at  a  witch-meeting  in  Salem  Village, 
and  that  she  knew  the  prisoner  to  be  a  witch,  and  to  have 
been  at  a  diabolical  sacrament,  and  that  the  prisoner  was 
the  undoing  of  her  and  her  children,  by  enticing  them  into 
the  snare  of  the  devil. 

10.  Another  Lacy,  who  also  confessed  her  share  in  this 
witchcraft,  now  testified  that  the  prisoner  was  at  the  witch- 
meeting  in  Salem  Village,  where  they  had  bread  and  wine 
administered  to  them. 

11.  In  the  time  of  this  prisoner's  trial,  one  Susanna 
Shelden,  in  open  court,  had  her  hands  unaccountably  tied 
together  with  a  wheel-band  so  fast,  that  without  cutting,  it 
could  not  be  loosened.  It  was  done  by  a  spectre  ;  and  the 
sufferer  affirmed  it  was  the  prisoner's. 

During  this  delusion  nineteen  persons  were  hung,  and 
one  pressed  to  death.  Three  belonged  to  Andover,  Mar- 
tha Carryer,  Samuel  Wardwell  and  Mary  Parker.  Five 
others,  Ann  Foster,  Abigail  Faulkner,  Mary  Lacey,  Sarah 
Wardwell  and  Elizabeth  Johnson  were  convicted  ;  but  were 
not  executed  ;  probably  their  confessions  saved  their  lives. 
As  most  of  those  who  confessed  were  pardoned  or  not  con- 
demned ;  while  those,  who  protested  their  innocence  and 
maintained  their  integrity  were  executed.     At  the  court  in 


172  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Jan.  1693,  bills  of  indictment  were  found  against  eighteen 
persons  belonging  to  Andover.  All  but  two  were  dischar- 
ged on  paying  fees. 

These  persons  were  confined  in  prison  for  four  months 
or  more,  in  a  cold  season  of  the  year,  crowded  together,  and 
their  comfort  not  much  regarded.  I  find  petitions  on  file 
to  the  General  Court  in  October  and  in  December,  from 
some  of  the  most  respectable  inhabitants  of  Andover  in  be- 
half of  their  wives  greatly  suffering  with  cold  and  other 
hardships  in  prison.  These  sufferings  must  have  been  tri- 
fling compared  with  what  they  endured  under  apprehension 
of  trial  and  execution. 

The  foregoing  extracts  are  a  small  part  only  of  what 
might  be  produced;  but  they  show  very  fully  and  clearly 
the  shocking  delusion  and  extreme  consternation  and  dis- 
tress of  the  people.  The  frenzy  seized  old  and  young,  the 
ignorant  and  the  learned.  We  cannot  but  be  astonished  at 
the  credulity  and  imposition  relating  to  witchcraft,  the  rea- 
diness to  admit  as  evidence,  what  would  now  be  consider- 
ed ridiculous.  Goodness  of  character  could  not  avail 
against  the  imaginations  and  caprice  of  the  weak  and  delu- 
ded. But  we  ought  not  to  conclude,  that  that  generation 
was  void  of  common  sense,  or  more  wicked  than  any  pre- 
ceding or  succeeding.  There  seem  founded  deep  in  human 
nature  passions,  which  often  prevail  over  the  understanding, 
an  enthusiasm,  a  frenzy  which  hears  not  the  voice  of  rea- 
son. This  credulity,  this  fanaticism,  this  delusion,  is  per- 
haps allied  more  often  to  subjects  which  have  a  relation  to 
religion,  than  other  subjects  ;  as  those  relate  to  the  invisi- 
ble world,  and  may  more  easily  awake  a  wild  imagination. 
We  may  trace  similar  wildness  in  other  religious  subjects 
in  which  reason  is  as  much  obscured  and  bewildered  as  in 
the  witchcraft  delusion.  The  pretensions,  the  imagina- 
tions, the  dreams  of  some,  are  as  baseless  as  the  signs  and 


WITCHCRAFT. 


173 


the  spectre-discerning  power  of  detecting  a  witch.  The 
power  of  sympathy,  the  charm  of  solemn  tones,  the  gloomy 
shadows  of  a  half  enlightened  room  may  raise  the  imagina- 
tion above  reason  ;  may  bewilder  an  enlightened  under- 
standing. This  delusion  is  not  confined  to  religious  sub- 
jects. Have  not  many  been  seen  in  a  frenzy  on  politics, 
assembled  and  full  of  tumult,  like  the  Ephesians,  crying 
out,  great  is  their  cause  ?  but  they  know  not  why,  or  where- 
fore ;  they  will  drag  this  man  to  death,  and  that  they  will 
raise  on  their  shoulders,  but  know  not  why  they  kill  the 
one,  and  extol  the  other.  It  is  the  same  spirit  that  pervades 
the  quack  in  all  professions,  and  by  which  his  deceptions 
are  so  successful. 

Most  people  love  to  hear  and  to  believe  what  is  marvel- 
lous, obscure,  and  wonderful.  They  believe,  because  the 
thing  is  impossible.  The  imaginings  of  others  they  receive 
for  sound  realities. 

The  excessive  credulity  and  frenzy,  which  raged  in 
1692,  convinced  people  of  the  great  delusion  which  had, 
for  a  long  time,  prevailed  in  England,  and  in  this  country 
from  its  settlement,  and  by  which  many  had  suffered.  Pub- 
lic opinion  has  been  corrected,  and  the  comfort  and  lives  of 
many  have  been  preserved.  Opinions  and  practices  are  of- 
ten soonest  corrected  and  reformed  by  the  conviction  and 
suffering  resulting  from  their  excess.  Divine  Providence 
often  instructs  mankind  by  the  experience  of  the  evils  which 
naturally  result  from  ill  grounded  opinions  and  unreasona- 
ble practices.  And  these  when  carried  to  great  excess 
make  the  impression  deeper,  and  the  sooner  effect  their 
own  reformation. 

15* 


CHAP.  VIII. 

MISCELLANEOUS   ARTICLES. 

Revolutionary  War. 

The  inhabitants  of  Andover  were  united,  resolute  and 
zealous  in  support  of  the  rights  of  the  country,  and  willing 
to  make  the  utmost  sacrifices  in  defence  of  its  liberty.  In 
Dec.  1774,  it  was  resolved  that  one  quarter  part  of  all  the 
training  soldiers  of  the  town  should  enlist  themselves  ;  and 
for  encouragement,  they  were  promised  pay  for  every  half 
day  they  shall  be  exercised  in  the  art  military.  Two  com- 
panies were  accordingly  raised  in  February  following,  under 
the  command  of  Capt.  Benjamin  Farnum  and  Capt.  Ben- 
jamin Ames,  which,  with  others,  were  regimented  under 
Col.  James  Frye,  and  were  called  minute  men.  On  the 
19th  of  April  1775,  the  alarm  drew  these  companies  into 
the  field,  and  they  were  stationed  at  Cambridge.  They 
were  detached  to  take  possession  of  the  heights  of  Charles- 
town,  on  the  l(>th  of  June,  and  were  in  the  battle  of  the  next 
day.  There  were  58  belonging  to  Capt.  Ames's  company, 
more  than  50  of  whom,  belonging  to  the  S.  Parish,  were  in 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Three  were  killed  and  seven 
wounded.  Two  in  another  company  under  command  of 
Capt.  Furbush  were  killed.  Capt.  Farnum  was  wounded, 
and  some  in  his  company. 

"  The  day  following  the  battle,  the  Lord's  day,  our 
houses  of  public  worship  were  generally  shut  up.  It  was 
the  case  here,  \yhen  the  news  of  the  battle  reached  us, 
the  anxiety  and  distress  of  wives  and  children,  of  parents, 
of  brothers,  sisters  and  friends,  was  great.  It  was  not 
known  who  were  among  the  slain  or  the  living,  the  wound- 
ed or  the  well.  It  was  thought  justifiable  for  us,  who  could, 
to  repair  to  the  camp,  to  know  the  circumstances,  to  join 


REVOLUTIONARY  WAR. 


175 


in  the  defence  of  the  country,  and  prevent  the  enemy  from 
pushing  the  advantages  they  had  gained  ;  and  to  afford 
comfort  and  relief  to  our  suffering  brethren  and  friends."* 
In  1777,  there  were  four  militia  companies  in  the 
town,  which,  with  the  alarm  list,  consisted  of  670  men  ;  un- 
der command  of  Capt  Samuel  Johnson,  187 — Capt.  Na- 
thaniel Lovejoy,  161 — Capt.  John  Abbot,  158 — and  Capt. 
Joshua  Holt,  164. 

Number  of  men  employed,  time  of  service  and  expenses  of  the  third  Company  in  An- 
dover.  during  the  revolutionary  war,  under  command  of  Capt.  Nathaniel  Love- 
joy.     [See  Capt.  Lovejoy's  MS.] 


Men.            Places. 
26        At  Cambridge 

Service. 
8  months 

Date. 
1775  April  19, 

L. 

hired  at     8 

s.  d. 
0  0  = 

L.  s.  d. 

208    0  0 

14 

At  Roxbury 

2 

— 

Dec.  1, 

— 

2 

0  0 

28    0  0 

14 
2 

At  Prospect  Hill 
At  Canada 

a 
12 

— 

1776  Feb.  1, 

— 

2 
20 

0  0 
0  0 

28    0  0 
40    0  0 

9 

At  New  York 

19 

— 



— 

16 

0  0 

144    0  0 

20 

At  Ticonderoga 

5 

— 



— 

13 

6  8 

266  J3  4 

4 

At  Dorchester 

4 

— 



— 

3 

0  0 

12    0  0 

10 

At  Fairfield 

8 

— 



— 

8 

0  0 

80    0  0 

20 

At  New  York 

3 

— 



— 

10 

0  0 

100    0  0 

5 

At  Providence 

2 

— 

1777 

— 

4 

0  0 

20    0  0 

20 
2 

Continental  Army 
Do. 

3 

3 

years 



— 

30 
105 

0  0 
0  0 

600    0  0 
210    0  0 

1 

Do. 

3 

— 



— 

66 

0  0 

66    0  0 

13 

At  Northward 

3  1-2  mon 

ths      

— 

15 

0  0 

195    0  0 

19 

Do. 

1 

— 



— 

6 

0  0 

114    0  0 

4 

At  Cambridge 

5 

— 



_ 

6 

0  0 

24    0  0 

4 

Do. 

3 

— 

1778 

— 

6 

0  0 

24    0  0 

5 
3 

Continental  Army 
North  River 

1 

8 

z 

1778  June  1, 
June  1, 

— * 

107  10  0  = 
75    0  0 

$1791  67 
450  00 

2 
3 

8 
2 

Cambridge 
Rhode  Island 

Do. 
Boston 

5  — 

6  — 

1  1-2  mor 
3  1-2  mor 

July  1, 
July  1, 

iths     Aug. 

iths     Sept.  14 

~ 

25 
33 
11 

28 

0  0 
6  0 
6  6 
0  0 

166  67 

3a?  oo 

302  00 
186  67 

3  1- 

-2  Continental  Army 

9 

— 

1779  June  28, 

— 

405 

0  0 

4725  00 

1  1- 

1 
2 

-2  Rhode  Island 
Boston 
Boston 

6     —                July  1, 
3  1-2  months      July  1, 
1  1-2  months     Oct..  1, 

- 

132 

60 

18 

0  0 
0  0 
0  0 

660  00 
200  00 
120  00 

6 

Clavarack 

11 

-2  months     Oct.  18, 

— 

96 

0  0 

19°0  00 

8 
2 
10 

Continental  Army 

Do. 
Clavarack 

6     —        1780  June  19,  hired  in  specie  $150  00 
6     —                 Oct.  10,                               62  50 
3  1-6  months      July  10,                                 79  J6 

1200  00 
li'5  00 
791  60 

9  1- 

1 

-3 Continental  Army 
Rhode  Island 

3  years 
5  months 

Dec.  20, 
1781  Aug.  16, 

30!)  00 
85  00 

2850  00 
85  00 

7 

West  Point 

3 

— 

Aug.  23, 

75  00 

525  00 

i 

;  Mr 

.  F'a  MS. 

176  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

The  service  rendered  by  Capt.  Lovejoy's  company 
amounted  to  21*27  months,  or  175  years  and  7  months, 
and  that  of  the  four  companies  in  Andover,  737  years, 
equal  to  98  men  in  constant  service  during  seven  years 
and  an  half,  while  the  war  continued.  This  does  not  in- 
clude the  officers.  The  money  expended  in  pay  to  the  sol- 
diers amounted  to  $10,671  in  specie,  and  $14,960  in  pa- 
per somewhat  depreciated. 

Besides  the  extraordinary  bounty  and  wages  paid  by 
the  town,  the  soldiers  at  different  times,  were  provided 
with  blankets,  shirts,  stockings,  shoes,  &c  ;  and  their  fam- 
ilies also  supplied  with  necessary  provisions,  at  no  incon- 
siderable expense. 

Besides  the  diminution  of  laborers  by  the  public  ser- 
vice, the  people  were  frequently  interrupted  in  their  com- 
mon business,  by  raising  men,  attending  town  meetings, 
and  other  necessary  avocations.  It  may  seem  strange, 
when  so  much  active  labor  was  subtracted,  and  increased 
expense  and  sacrifice  incurred,  that  people  should  be  able 
to  maintain  their  families,  and  sustain  their  burdens.  It 
was  done  by  retrenchments  in  living  and  clothing,  by  great 
in  lustry  and  rigid  economy.  What  cannot  a  people  unit- 
ed and  resolved  do,  and  what  burdens  and  hardships  will 
they  not  endure  when  bent  on  their  purpose  ! — Several 
persons  were  employed  in  the  service   at  sea. 

Officers  in  actu/il  service  in  the  war.  Col.  James  Frye, 
Captains  Benjamin  Ames,  Benjamin  Farnum,  Samuel  John- 
son, Charles  Furbush,  John  Abbot,  Stephen  Abbot. 

Twenty  belonging  to  the  S.  Parish  died  in  the  revolu- 
tionary war. 

In  six  months  from  Nov.  9,  1745,  seventeen  men  be- 
longing to  Andover  died  at  Louisburgh. 

In  the  war  of  1755,  seven  men  died  in  the  expedition 
to  Lake  George. — In  1758,  seven  men  died  in  the  war  at 


PAUPERISM.  177 

the  Westward. — In  1760,  two  died.     Probably  the  whole 
number  lost  in  that  war  has  not  been  ascertained. 


Pauperism. 

The  early  settlers  of  towns  were  generally  industrious,  tem- 
perate and  healthy.  Few  moved  into  a  new  settlement  un- 
able to  labor.  Sometimes  the  heads  of  families  were  some- 
what advanced  in  life;  but  in  this  case,  the  other  members 
of  the  family  were  vigorous  and  active.  There  was  also  an 
enterprising,  resolute  spirit,  a  strong  determination  to  meet 
hardships  and  privations,  which  bore  them  on  and  issued  in 
success.  We  therefore  find  none  of  the  first  settlers,  or 
their  immediate  descendants,  obliged  to  cast  themselves  up- 
on the  town  for  maintenance.  The  unfortunate  doubtless 
received  assistance  from  their  friends  and  neighbors.  They 
were  careful  to  contract  no  debts,  and  to  live  within  their  in- 
come. They  indulged  in  no  luxuries,  or  unnecessary  ex- 
penses of  living  or  dress. 

The  first  mention  of  poor  in  the  town  records,  is,  in 
J 694,  when  the  selectmen  were  chosen  overseers  of  the 
poor  ;  but  it  does  not  appear  that  the  town  assisted  any  nee- 
dy person  for  many  year3  after  this.  The  first  charge  upon 
the  town  for  any  poor  person  is  in  1711),  when  the  expense 
was  forty  shillings.  This  was  about  eighty  years  from  the 
settlement  of  the  town.  And  this  expense  was  for  an  aged 
infirm  widow.  There  were  probably  charitable  benefac- 
tions of  individuals  to  some,  who,  from  sickness  and  other 
providential  dispensations,  had  need  of  aid  and  relief.  In 
1723,  the  selectmen  were  authorized  to  draw  money  from 
the  town  treasury  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  ;  and  in  the 
year  following,  were  chosen  overseers  of  the  poor. 

In  the  following  statement,  I  have  reduced  the  sums  ex- 
pended for  the   support  of  the  poor   to  dollars  and  cents, 


178  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

reckoning  an  ounce  of  silver  worth  6s.  Sd..  and  a  dollar  6 
shillings  lawful  money.  The  average  annual  expense  for 
the  poor  from  1719  to  1745,  was  $6,42;  from  1745  to 
1755,  $33,73;  from  1755  to  1765?  $102,  14.  This  pe- 
riod included  the  last  French  war,  which  probably  increas- 
ed the  expense. 

From  this  time  for  a  number  of  years,  it  is  difficult  to 
separate  the  expense  of  the  poor  from  the  other  town  char- 
ges. The  expense  however  continued  to  increase.  The 
revolutionary  war,  by  diminishing  the  number  of  laborers, 
corrupting  the  morals,  and  inducing  intemperance,  would 
naturally  produce  poverty,  and  increase  the  number  of  pau- 
pers. 

In  1784,  it  was  voted,  that  the  town  will  enable  the 
overseers  of  the  poor  to  provide  a  work  house  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  poor  of  the  said  town,  and  for  idle,  loitering  per- 
sons, who  waste  and  mispend  their  time.  No  house,  how- 
ever, was  provided  for  many  years  after  this. 

Orders  drawn  by  the  overseers  for  the  support  of  the 
poor  for  1798,  amounted  to  $749,  06  ;— for  1799,  $881,  43; 
—for  1800,  $952,  65  ;— for  1801,  $1107,  50  ;— for  1802, 
$1137,  98  ;— for  1803,  $1333,  99. 

For  several  years,  the  selectmen  were  overseers,  and 
in  drawing  orders  for  town  charges,  did  not  always  distin- 
guish those  drawn  for  the  support  of  the  poor  from  others, 
which  renders  it  difficult  now  to  ascertain  the  expenses  of 
the  poor. 

In  1807,  a  farm  of  90  acres,  with  buildings,  was  pur- 
chased for  $2,409  for  the  accommodation  of  the  poor.  The 
buildings  are  not  sufficient  for  all  the  poor  J  so  that  a  large 
portion  of  the  expense  for  maintaining  the  poor  has  arisen 
out  of  the  house. 

The  amount  of  orders  drawn  for  the  support  of  the  poor 
for  1816,  was  $3355,  79  ;  for  1817,  $3054,  37     for  1818, 


PAUPERISM.  179 

$2550,44;  for  1819,  $2601,90;  for  1820,  $2721,53; 
for  182J,  $2455,  95;  for  1822,  $2673,92;  for  1823, 
$1816,93;  for  1824,  $1744,  80;  for  1825,  no  expense  at 
the  house  ;  out  of  the  house,  $621,  93  ;  for  1826  ;  $449,65, 

for  1827,  $349,68:  for  1828,  $469,  94. 

The  rents  of  the  farm  and  brick  yard  are  not  included 
in  these  orders.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  the  allowance 
for  State  paupers  was  equal  to  these  rents. 

Since  the  purchase  of  the  farm  and  peat  meadow,  and 
the  management  of  it  with  some  system,  and  improving  the 
brick-yard,  the  expenses  for  the  support  of  the  poor  have 
been  diminished.  Those  who  are  able  to  labor  are  con- 
stantly employed,  and  no  time  is  consumed  in  seeking  for 
articles  of  living.  They  are  also  more  comfortably  provided 
for,  than  when  they  were  boarded  out,  or  furnished  partly 
in  some  col  d  dwelling,  and  much  of  what  they  could  earn 
was  appropriated  to  cherish  intemperate  habits. 

The  provision  at  the  alms  house  prevents  begging  and 
idleness ;  and  the  benevolent  are  not  so  often  imposed  on 
by  unnecessary  importunity  for  alms.  Those  who  would 
willingly  procure  their  maintenance  without  labor  and  from 
house  to  house,  feel  exposed,  and  dread  being  sent  to  the 
house  of  industry.  Towns  which  have  provided  a  farm  for 
the  support  of  the  poor,  have  reduced  their  expenses,  and 
have  improved  the  state  of  society  and  the  condition  of  the 
poor.  The  number  of  paupers  has  been  diminished,  as 
well  as  the  expense. 

Towns  would  probably  exonerate  themselves  from  the 
burden  under  which  they  have  groaned,  if  they  would  be 
more  faithful  to  their  own  interests  and  of  the  individuals 
concerned,  by  extending  a  more  early  care  of  those  who  are 
wasting  their  time  and  estates  by  idleness  and  intemperate 
indulgence.  Some  would  thus  be  saved  from  disgrace,  from 
becoming  a  burden  to  the  community,  and   reducing  their 


180  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

families  to  want.  Others  might  be  deterred  from  habits  of 
idleness  and  intemperance,  which  lead  to  poverty. 

The  chief  cause  of  pauperism  is  intemperance.  This 
is  conceded  in  all  the  towns  in  which  examination  has  been 
made.  What  proportion  of  the  expense  for  the  poor  in  An- 
dover,  arises  from  this  source,  has  not  been  ascertained. 
But  the  statement  would  undoubtedly  be  within  bounds,  if 
three  fourths  of  the  expense  were  attributed  to  this  cause. 
This  is  no  small  tax  for  the  abuse  of  ardent  spirit.  But  this 
is  a  small  part  of  the  money  unnecessarily  thus  expen- 
ded. For  this  is  spent  only  for  the  consequences  of  it  on  a 
few  ;  while  the  estates  of  many  are  not  wholly  consumed, 
who  pay  an  annual  sum  twenty  fold  greater  than  their  poor 
tax.  The  too  free  use  of  ardent  spirit  has  a  most  injurious 
effect  on  the  morals,  health,  prosperity  and  happiness  of  the 
community.  The  increase  of  this  evil  may  be  owing  in 
some  degree  to  the  wars  in  which  thTs  country  has  been  en- 
gaged within  seventy  years.  In  the  revolutionary  and  oth- 
er wars,  allowance  of  spirit  produced  a  habit,  which  was 
continued  after  the  war.  And  in  the  late  war,  more  were 
destroyed  by  whiskey,  than  by  the  sword. 

This  sore  and  distressing  evil  has,  in  a  few  years  past* 
been  diminished,  and  the  public  morals  are  improving  ;  and 
it  is  hoped,  that,  by  the  perseverance  of  the  friends  of  hu- 
manity, the  community  will   be  restored  to  a  healthy  state. 

Number  of  ratable  Polls. 


Years, 

JVo. 

Years. 

JW>. 

1679 

88 

1715 

211 

1680 

92 

1717 

222 

1682 

94 

1720 

252 

1684 

109 

1725 

270 

1686 

116 

1730 

261 

1690 

134 

1735 

332 

1695 

141 

1740 

358 

1700 

145 

1745 

373 

1705 

187 

1750 

398 

1710 

204 

1760 

442 

POPULATION — EMIGRATION HEALTH.  181 

Town  charges,  including  schooling.  Currency  redu- 
ced to  dollars  and  cents,  at  the  rate  of  65.  8d.  an  ounce  of 
silver.  Average  from  1721  to  1730,  $92,42  ;— 1730 to  1740, 
$99  ._  1740  to  1750,  $127  ;— 1750  to  1760,  $303  ;— 1760 
to  1770,  $410  ;  1770  to  1773,  $439. 

The  population  of  Andover  at  different  periods  accord- 
ing to  the  census,  is  as  follows.  1790,  the  number  f  in- 
habitants was  2863;  1800 ;  1810,  3164;  1820,  3889. 

Emigration,  Andover  has  contributed  largely  toward 
settling  and  peopling  many  towns.  Some  of  its  inhabitants 
settled  in  Hampton,  Pomfret,  Tolland,  Windsor,  Con. 
Some  settled  in  Lexington,  Bedford,  Billerica,  Brookfield, 
Chelmsford,  Dracut,  Bradford,  and  other  places  in  Mass. 
Concord,  Pembroke,  Amherst,  Hollis,  Wilton,  Greenfield, 
Conway,  &c.  in  N.  H.,  received  a  number  of  early  settlers 
from  Andover.  Some  made  early  settlements  in  Fryeburgh, 
Brownfield,  Bluehill,  Andover,  Bethel,  Bridgeton,  Nor- 
way, Albany,  and  in  many  other  towns  in  Maine.  Some 
families  from  Andover  may  be  found  in  various  towns  of 
New  England,  and  of  the  United  States.  While  land  remains 
cheap  and  unsettled,  the  old  towns  will  not  rapidly  increase 
in  population,  nor  will  land  be  subdm  d  and  be  brought  to 
a  high  state  of  culture.  Emigration  checks  enterprise  and 
improvement  at  home.  The  young,  healthy,  robust,  seek 
new  settlements,  while  the  aged,  less  healthy  and  feeble  are 
left,  and  an  undue  proportion  of  poor  is  the  consequence. 
Not  less  than  sixty  males  from  Andover,  who  were,  or  be- 
came heads  of  families,  have  settled  in  Wilton.  Some  of 
these  removed  to  other  places,  and  many  of  their  posterity 
have  gone  to  people  other  towns. 

Health.     The  town  is  remarkably   healthy;  very  few- 
seasons  have  been   sickly   since   its  settlement.     Invalids 
from  abroad  have  often   resided   in   this  place   for  the  im- 
provement of  their  health,  with  success. 
16 


182  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVRR. 

1690.  The  Small-pox  broke  out  late  in  the  season,  and  in 
about  eight  weeks  nine  persons  died  with  the  disease  In 
the  beginning  of  the  year  1722,  seven  persons  died  of  the 
same  disorder. 

1735.  The  first  appearance  of  the  Throat  Distemper 
was  at  Kingston,  N.  H.,  in  May.  This  is  the  most  alarm- 
ing and  fatal  disease  which  has  afflicted  N.  England.  The 
mortality  in  many  towns  was  great  and  distressing. 

1736.  There  were  thirty  five  deaths  in  Andover,  chiefly 
of  the  throat  distemper. 

1737.  Deaths  were  thirty  one;  and  in  1738,  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  three  deaths.  Most  of  these  were  child- 
ren and  young  people.  Capt.  James  Stevens,  his  wife  and 
three  children  died  within  a  month.  Nine  families  lost 
three  children  from  each  in  a  few  days.  Four  families  lost 
from  each  four  children  in  ten  or  fourteen  days.  John 
Wilson  lost  eight  children  in  seven  days. — In  1739,  four- 
teen children  died  from  four  families  in  a  few  days.  Oct. 
26,  Ebenezer  Lovejoy  lost  three  children  in  one  day,  and 
in  five  days  after  another  child.  Benjamin  Blanchard  lost 
four  children  in  four  days  ;  and  Joshua  Stevens  lost  three 
in  four  days.  The  disease  raged  most,  from  August  into 
December. 

1763,  There  were  fifty  three  deaths.  The  throat  distem- 
per was  very  mortal  in  some  families.  The  disease  has  ap- 
peared several  times  since,  but  in  a  milder  form,  and  more 
under  the  control  of  medicine. 

1775.  About  two  hundred  persons  in  the  S.  Parish  had 
the  dysentery,  of  whom  fifty  six  died.  This  disease  pre- 
vailed and  was  mortal  in  many  towns  in  N.  England,  and 
in  the  army. 

For  about  fifty  years  past,  Consumption  has  been  the 
most  prevalent  and  mortal  disease,  especially  among  young 
persons  and  those  in  the  meridian  of  .life;  and  more  prev- 


Marriages — funerals.  183 

alent  among  females  from  fifteen  to  thirty  five,  than  among 
males. 

Marriages.  The  solemnization  of  marriages  from  the 
arrival  of  the  first  settlers  to  16S6,  the  expiration  of  the 
first  charter,  was  performed  by  a  magistrate,  or  by  persons 
specially  appointed  for  that  purpose.  If  a  clergyman  hap- 
pened to  be  present,  he  was  asked  to  pray. — J 687,  April, 
the  first  marriage  by  Rev.  Mr.  Dane,  William  Chandler 
and  Eleanor  Phelps. —1687,  May,  Stephen  Barker  and 
Mary  Abbot,  the  first  marriage  by  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard. 

The  bridegroom,  immediately  after  the  marriage  cov- 
enant, was  directed  to  kiss  the  bride ;  after  which  she  was 
saluted  by  the  male  attendants,  when  the  female  attend- 
ants approaching  and  wishing  them  happiness,  were  saluted 
by  the  bridegroom. — 1779,  this  practice  was  discontinued 
by  Mr.  French,  at  the  marriage  of  a  respectable  couple. 
After  wedding,  was  supper,  tea,  or  cake  and  wine,  and  oth- 
er drink  ;  and  in  the  evening,  dancing  and  other  amuse- 
ments. Sometimes  the  bride  and  bridegroom  were  imme- 
diately accompanied  to  the  house  of  the  bridegroom,  and 
the  evening  spent  in  amusements. 

Funerals.  At  funerals,  not  only  relations,  but  all  in  the 
neighborhood  attended,  and  the  assembly  sometimes  was 
nearly  as  large  as  on  the  Sabbath.  In  the  early  settlement 
of  the  country,  it  was  not  customary  to  have  prayers  at 
funerals,  as  it  had  the  appearance  of  praying  for  the  dead. 
When  the  practice  was  begun  at  Andover,  cannot  now  be 
ascertained. — 1730.  "  Before  carrying  out  the  corpse"  of 
Mrs.  Sarah  Byefield,  "  a  funeral  prayer  was  made  by  one  of 
the  pastors  of  the  Old  Church,  which,  though  a  custom  in 
the  country  towns,  is  a  singular  instance  in  this  place, 
(Boston)  but  it  is  wished  may  prove  a  leading  example  to 
the  general  practice  of  so  christian  and  decent  a  custom."* 

*  Weekly  News-Letter,  No.  1405* 


184  HISTORY    OF    ANDOVER. 

It   has  not  been   customary  in  Andover  to  preach  a  ser- 
mon at  funerals. 

After  prayer,  the  corpse,  having  been  viewed  by  the 
mourners  and  others,  and  a  procession  having  been  form- 
ed, was  carried  to  the  grave  by  men  voluntarily,  often  at 
the  distance  of  several  miles.  The  relations  and  bearers 
with  some  of  the  neighbors  returned  from  the  grave,  to  the 
house  of  mourning,  and  partook  of  supper.  It  was  custom- 
ary to  give  strong  drink.  Mr.  Phillips,  1720,  in  a  sermon, 
disapproves  of  the  practice  as  unsuitable  to  the  occasion, 
and  observes  that  respectable  people  in  Boston  had  agreed 
lo  offer  no  strong  drink  at  funerals.  For  mourning,  the  men 
put  crape  around  the  hat,  and  sometimes  wore  black 
clothes,  or  black  buttons,  and  buckles,  and  gloves.  The 
women  dressed  in  black  gowns,  and  wore  scarfs,  black 
bonnets,  veils  and  gloves.  In  the  revolutionary  war  the 
men  wore  black  crape  round  the  arm  ;  and  the  women  a 
black  ribbon  on  the  bonnet.  It  was  customary  to  give 
gloves  and  rings  at  funerals.  White  gloves  were  given  to 
the  bearers ;  they  were  laid  upon  the  coffin,  and  were 
taken  by  the  bearers,  when  they  took  up  the  coffin.  Pur- 
ple gloves  were  given  instead  of  white,  before  the  practice 
was  laid  aside ;  which  was  discontinued  in  the  revolution- 
ary war. 

Funeral  charges  of  Samuel  Blanchard,  April,  1707. 

Six  gallons  of  wine 

20  prs.  gloves 

Rum,  sugar,  allspice 

Half  barrel  of  cider 

Mourning  scarfs 

Coffin  7s,  digging  gravelOs  0 


£0 

155.  Od. 

1 

10    0 

0 

9     3 

0 

5     0 

1 

17     0 

)s  0 

17    0 

BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS — LONOBYITY.  185 

Table  of  Births  and  Deaths  from  1652  to  1700,  taken 
from  the  Town  Record. 


BIRTHS. 

DEATHS. 

BIRTHS. 

DE 

ATI! 

i?. 

Year.  1 

Male. 

Fein.  No. 

Male.  Fein, 

,  No. 

Year. 

Male.Fem.  \o. 

Ma.l 

•'(nil. 

No. 

1652 

5 

6  11 

1 

0 

1 

1677 

17 

13  30 

4 

1 

5 

1(55:5 

3 

I  4 

1 

1 

1678 

9 

17  26 

1 

3 

1 

1654 

8 

3  11 

1679 

8 

11  19 

2 

3 

5 

1655 

5 

1  6 

1 

1 

1680 

7 

13  20 

2 

1 

3 

1656 

6 

2  8 

1681 

20 

10  30 

2 

1 

3 

1657 

3 

2  5 

1682 

19 

10  29 

3 

2 

5 

1658 

2 

3  5 

1683 

18 

12  30 

4 

3 

7 

1659 

5 

6  U 

1 

1 

1684 

16 

14  30 

2 

1 

3 

1660 

4  4 

1685 

17 

9  26 

6 

6 

1661 

3 

4  7 

1686 

18 

11  29 

3 

1 

1 

1662 

5 

7  12 

2 

1 

3 

1687 

24 

19  43 

5 

4 

9 

166:5 

9 

3  12 

1688 

22 

20  42 

7 

i€ 

1664 

5 

3  8 

16W9 

17 

8  25 

12 

6 

!H 

1665 

3 

2  5 

2 

2 

1690 

17 

15  32 

14 

4 

18 

1666 

6 

2  8 

1691 

17 

14  31 

3 

3 

1667 

8 

5  13 

4 

4 

8 

1692 

17 

16  33 

3 

5 

H 

1668 

4 

7  11 

1 

2 

3 

1693 

23 

19  42 

5 

3 

6 

1669 

2 

2  4 

1 

I 

2 

1694 

13 

15  28 

2 

6 

8 

1670 

6 

4  10 

3 

3 

1695 

16 

16  32 

2 

2 

4 

1671 

8 

8  16 

1 

1 

1696 

21 

9  30 

5 

2 

7 

1672 

10 

4  14 

1 

2 

3 

1697 

11 

9  23 

1 

1 

o 

1673 

5 

7  12 

1 

I 

2 

1698 

19 

19  38 

6 

3 

9 

1674 

14 

7  21 

3 

3 

6 

1699 

16 

16  32 

2 

1 

3 

1675 

7 

3  10 

3 

3 

1700 

18 

12  30 

4 

o 

6 

1676 

6 

3  9 

1 

t 

2 

Longevity.  1685,  May  18,  died  Andrew  Foster,  aged 
106  years. 

Jan.  1708.  Thomas  Marshall,  aged  near  100  years. 

May  1708.  Joanna  Marshall,  aged  about  100  years. 

May  16,  1735.  Thomas  Carrier,  aged  109  years.  He 
was  from  Wales,  first  settled  in  Billerica  about  1663,  mar- 
ried Martha  Allen  ;  moved  to  Andover  about  1672,  spent 
the  last  20  years  of  his  life  in  Colchester,  Con.  His  head 
was  not  bald,  nor  his  hair  gray.  Not  many  days  before 
16* 


186  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

his  death,  he  walked  six  miles  ;  and  the  day  before  his 
death  he  was  visiting  his  neighbors. 

May  24,  1791,  Priscilla  Abbot,  aged  99  years,  10 
months  and  6  days ;  grand-daughter  of  George  Abbot, 
sen.  She  was  never  married,  was  industrious,  content- 
ed, and  often  nursed  the  sick. 

Dec.  1,  1805,  Hannah  Lovejoy,  relict  of  Hezekiah, 
aged  almost  102  years,  having  had  33(5  descendants.  Af- 
ter the  death  of  her  husband,  she  lived  with  her  relations 
at  Amherst,  N.  H. 

Feb.  1823,  Reuben  Abbot,  aged  99  years  and  10 
months.  He  moved  with  his  father  to  Concord,  N.  H. 
when  about  14  years  old. 

1824.  Wid.  Mary  Chadwick,  in  her  100th  year. 

Feb.  1826,  Pompey  Lovejoy,  aged  102  years;  was 
born  in  Boston,  and  brought  to  Andover  when  nine  years 
old.     Rose,  his  wife,  died  in  Dec.  following,  aged  98. 

Number  of  persons  who  died  in  Andover  between  the 
95th  and  99th  year  of  their  age  ;  Males,  6  ;  Females,  7  ;  be- 
tween 90th  and  95th,  Males,  12  ;  Females,  29  ;  between 
85th  and  90th,  Males,  30;  Females,  31  ;  between  80th  and 
85th,  Males,  64  ;  Female?,  29. 

It  is  probable  that  a  considerable  number  in  the  above 
list  is  omitted,  not  being  fouaid  in  the  Town  Records. 

..— i^m^iinm^nmwrf  I 

William  Masters,  who  died  June  29^at  Maid-  | 

tone,  was  bom  at  Andover,  Mass.,  in  1772,  and  ( 

ived,  therefore,  to  be  111  years  old.     He  was  a]  J>/  tf  y\r&*yA*T 

oldier  in  1812,  and  was  never  sick  till  he  died.  A^*  ^> 


O^K.% 


V 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY — SEASONS.  187 

BUI  of  Mortality  in  the  S.  Parish  for  30  years. 

Year,  under  1,  to 5,   10,    15,    20,    30,    40,    50,    60,     70,    80,     90,    100,  unkn.   No. 


1774 

2 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

I 

4 

21 

1775 

7  16 

3 

2 

4 

4 

3 

2 

4 

4 

2 

1 

8 

60 

1776 

4 

5 

2 

2 

3 

4 

3 

3 

4 

1 

2 

3 

36 

1777 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

7 

16 

1778 

4  10 

8 

2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

5 

2 

1 

10 

45 

1779 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

13 

1780 

5 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

18 

1781 

8 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

18 

1782 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

16 

1783 

4 

2 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

14 

1784 

7 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

3 

2 

23 

1785 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

11 

1786 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

13 

17S7 

1 

I 

2 

2 

3 

2 

11 

1788 

5 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

3 

1 

20 

1789 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

I 

10 

1790 

3 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

14 

1791 

5 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

18 

1792 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

11 

1793 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

13 

1794 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

10 

1795 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

1 

15 

1796 

3 

8 

8 

4 

6 

1 

2 

I 

1 

2 

36 

1797 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

14 

1798 

1 

3 

1 

5 

1 

3 

2 

3 

19 

1799 

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

18 

1800 

4 

3 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

4 

26 

1801 

2 

1 

3 

1 

I 

1 

1 

2 

2 

5 

2 

2 

23 

1802 

5 

3 

I 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

5 

1 

26 

1803 

5 

5 

1 

1 

2 

2 

4 

2 

1 

23 

Total  102  82  28  19  28  58  28  38  35  48  52  45   13  35  611 
The  number  of  deaths  in  the   S.  Parish   from  1710  to 
1810,  100  years,  is  1666,  according  to  the  register  of  Rev. 
S.  Phillips  and  Rev.  J.  French. 

Seasons,  Dark  Days,  Earthquakes. 

Seasons.     1641-2.  A  very  cold  winter  ;  Boston  harbor 


188  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

was  so  deeply  frozen  over,  as  to  be  passable    for  horses, 
carts  and  oxen,  for  six  weeks. 

1690-7.  The  winter  colder  than  had  been  known  since 
the  arrival  in  N.  England.  During  the  greater  part  of  it, 
sleighs  and  loaded  sleds  passed  on  the  ice  from  Boston  to 
Nantasket.  Also  great  scarcity  of  food  ;  grain  never 
dearer.  [Holmes's  Annals.'] 

Feb.  1717,  about  the  18,  19,  20.  The  greatest  snow 
storm  ever  known ;  snow  about  4  feet  deep,  very  close  and 
hard.  [BlanchanVs  MS.] 

Sept.  16,  1727,  in  the  night ;  a  great  rain,  and  an  hor- 
rible tempest,  whereby  much  hurt  was  done. 

[Rev.  S.  Phillips's  MS.] 

1749.  A  memorable  drought  ;  so  extreme  were  the 
heat  and  drought,  as  to  crack  the  ground  in  many  places. 
In  some  places  where  broken  pieces  of  glass  lay  upon  the 
ground,  the  surface  actually  caught  fire.  June  9,  A  fast 
by  reason  of  the  drought ;  Aug.  14,  Thanksgiving  for 
rain.  [Rev.  Mr.  French's  MS.] 

June,  1755,  was  distinguished  by  excessive  heat  and 
drought.  Great  scarcity  of  hay  and  provisions,  which  bore 
excessive  price.  A  fast  was  ordered  by  the  General  Court. 
The  fall  of  the  year  was  productive.     [Mmot's  History.] 

1761.  This  year  was  distinguished  by  a  severe  drought. 

Feb.  27,  1771.  A  very  great  freshet  in  Shawshin,  car- 
ried away  Capt.  Sibson's  mill  dam  ;  another  in  March, 
which  carried  away  the  Wid.  Ballard's  mill  dam.  These 
freshets  did  much  damage.  [Blmichard's  MS.] 

March,  1772,  uncommon  season  for  storms  of  wind 
and  snow,  even  into  April. 

July  14.  1772.  A  very  uncommon  thunder  cloud  gath- 
ered and  discharged  over  the  S.  Parish,  attended  with  great 
wind,  rain  and  hail.  The  ground  was  covered  with  water, 
which  filled  the  brooks. 


DARK  DAYS.  189 

Sept.  2d  and  3d,  1772.  A  very  great  rain  and  freshet, 
to  the  loss  of  a  great  quantity  of  hay,  and  the  life  of  a  wo- 
man at  F  rye's  bridge.  [BL  MS.] 

1780.  About  40  days  from  the  first  of  January,  the  cold 
continued  without  any  apparent  intermission.  The  snow 
on  a  level  in  the  woods  about  4t~  feet  deep. 

[Mr.  French's  318.] 

Sept.  1815,  a  very  destructive  wind  ;  much  timber  and 
many  fruit  trees  blown  down  ;  some  bams  unroofed,  and 
many  sheds  turned  over. 

1816  and  1817.  Remarkably  cold  seasons  ;  frosts  early, 
most  of  the  corn  destroyed  by  frost. 

Aug.  1825,  a  strong  wind  for  a  short  time  ;  blew  down 
much  fruit  ;  a  window  in  the  South  meeting  house  was 
blown  in,  and  the  assembly  alarmed,  left  the  house  in  great 
disorder  and  consternation. 

March  3,  1818,  A  great  freshet  carried  away  many 
bridges.  A  man  and  woman  drowned  in  attempting  to 
pass  the  Shawshin  at  the  Salem  turnpike  bridge. 

1825  and  1826,  mild  and  open  winters. 

1827.  Snow  remarkably  deep  and  drifted. 

1828.  Little  snow,  winter  mild  and  open,  travelling  bad. 
Dark  Day  a.  Oct.  21,  1716.  The  day   was  so  dark  as 

to  require  candles  at  the  time  of  dinner. 

Aug.  9,  1732,  An  uncommon  darkness  happened. 

Oct.  19,  1763.  At  Detroit,  it  is  said,  almost  total  dark- 
ness prevailed  through  most  of  the  day.  People  lighted 
candles,  and  the  darkness  continued  till  7  o'clock  in  the 
evening. 

"  The  most  extraordinary  dark  day  within  our  memory, 
happened  on  May  !9,  1780.  The  morning  was  usher- 
ed in  with  a  very  dark  cloud  hanging  over  the  West  and 
North  West,  attended  with  thunder.  It  settled  into  the 
North.    The  wind  at  South  WTest  brought  over  a  number  of 


190  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVElt. 

clouds  from  that  quarter.  The  darkness  began  about  9, 
and  at  12  o'clock,  it  was  as  dark  as  evening.  Candles 
were  lighted,  domestic  fowls  repaired  to  their  roosts  ;  fro^s 
peeped  ;  night  birds  appeared  ;  cattle  repaired  to  their 
barns.  Objects  could  be  discerned  at  a  small  distance  only. 
The  clouds  put  on  a  strange  kind  of  brassy,  copper  colour, 
and  every  thing  conspired  to  make  the  appearance  exceed- 
ingly gloomy.  It  abated  after  12,  and  about  half  past  3  in 
the  afternoon,  the  appearance  was  no  other  than  a  dark 
cloudy  day.  Though  the  moon  fulled  the  day  before,  and 
was  at  a  considerable  height,  in  the  evening  the  darkness 
returned,  and  soon  became  total,  as  if  there  had  been  no 
such  thing  as  vision,  and  continued  till  about  midnight. 
The  darkness  of  the  day  and  evening  lasted  about  fourteen 
hours.  Concern  and  terror  seemed  to  sit  on  the  counte- 
nances of  people.  The  darkness  extended  over  all  the 
New  England  States;  westward  it  reached  to  Albany  ;  at 
the  southward,  it  was  observed  all  along  the  seacoast ;  and 
to  the  north,  as  far  as  the  settlements  extend,  though  not 
in  all  places  equally  dark."     [Rev.  J.  French's  MS.] 

Earthquakes.  A  great  earthquake  happened  as  early 
as  July  1638;  another  Oct.  29,  J653;  another,  in  1658, 
mentioned  as  a  great  earthquake  ;  another  happened  Jan. 
23,  1663.  The  5th  Feb.  following  there  was  another, 
which,  from  accounts  given  of  it,  was  the  most  terrible  that 
had  then  ever  been  known  in  the  country.  It  began  about 
half  past  five  in  the  evening,  and  lasted  about  half  an  hour. 
About  8  in  the  evening  was  another  shock  as  violent  as  the 
first;  and  in  about  half  an  hour  two  more;  the  next  day 
another,  and  the  next  night  another.  In  the  whole,  there 
were  about  thirty  two  shocks  ;  which  did  not  entirely  cease 
till  July  following.  There  was  one  in  1705  ;  another  in 
1720  ;  after  which  there  were  several  smaller  earthquakes. 
"  1727  Oct.  29,  a  little  more  than  half  past  ten  in   the  eve- 


EARTHQUAKES.  191 

nitlg,  the  first  and  great  shake  was  felt ;  when  the  heavens 
were  most  serene  and   the  atmosphere   perfectly  calm.     It 
was  repeated  several  times  in  the  night,  and   since,  though 
not  so  terrible  as  the  first  shock."     "  The  centre  of  it  was 
supposed  to  be  in  Newbury,  in  this  county,  where  the  earth 
opened  with  a  sulphurous  blast,  and  threw  up  loads  of  sand 
and  ashes  with  a  stench   more  nauseous  than  a  putrifying 
corpse."— 1728,  Jan.  30,  about  two  o'clock,  P.  M.  there  was 
a  very  great  shake,  and    is  said   to   have   extended  further 
than  any  other   since    the  first  night.     This  day  was  warm, 
clear  and  calm,  especially  before  the  shake  came."     [Rev. 
S.  Phillips.] 

In  1732,  1737,  and  1744,  there  were  earthquakes,    but 
not  great. 

The  most  violent  ever  felt  in  New  England,  was  that  of 
Nov.  18,  1755.  The  effects  of  this  were  great.  In  Boston, 
about  one  hundred  chimnies  wrere  broken  off  at  the  roof  of 
the  houses,  fifteen  hundred  shattered  and  partly  broken, 
and  the  ends  of  twelve  or  fifteen  brick  buildings  were  thrown 
down  from  the  top  to  the  eaves.  The  whole  country  seem- 
ed to  be  shaken.  The  shock  lasted  about  four  and  a  half 
minutes.  This  earthquake  reached  from  Maryland  to  Hal- 
ifax, from  lake  Ontario  to  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and  as  far  as 
the  West  Indies.  On  the  first  of  Nov.  1755,  there  was  a 
terrible  earthquake  at  Lisbon,  by  which  in  about  eight  min- 
utes, a  great  part  of  the  city  sunk,  and  fifty  thousand  inhab- 
itants perished."  [Rev.  J.  French's  3IS.] 

The  quantity  of  water,  which  fell  in  each  month,  is  noted 
in  inches  and  tenths  in  the  following  tabic. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

1782 

3.0 

1,5 

3,8 

4,3 

4,5 

3,4 

2,6 

3  ki 

0  i 

7,4 

40 

2,9 

40,8 

83 

2,2 

5.4 

1,7 

0,4 

3,6 

2.3 

9,9 

4!.3 

2.0 

10,7 

5,0 

2,9 

49,7 

84 

6,5 

1,8 

2,2 

7,1 

3,1 

2,5 

4.5 

7;3 

4.3 

2,1 

11,7 

7,2 

60  3 

85 

3.7 

4,3 

4,5 

4,2 

6,4 

5,2 

4,3 

1.1 

9,2 

10.1 

4,1 

5.4 

62,4 

86 

2,5 

:>,3 

3,7 

4,3 

7,2 

2,1 

3,6 

37 

3,4 

2,0 

1,8 

4!9 

41,5 

1793 

3,1 

5,0 

3,0 

1.2 

1  0 

3.1 

5,0 

2,7 

2.9 

4,0 

5,1 

3,8 

40,2 

98 

3.9 

9,6 

5,6 

4,-> 

5  9 

4,3 

2,1 

2,6 

'A  •> 

9:3 

2,6 

45.7 

1800 

1,5 

36 

3.8 

7,0 

4,8 

2  5 

3  •> 

•'  1 

5/; 

4,6 

4.3 

50,3 

1803 

3,5 

5.0 

4,2 

2,2 

2,7 

1,7 

10/J 

1,5 

1,3 

4,5 

6,5 

5,4 

49,4 

192  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Rev.  Mr.  French,  from  whose  MSS.  the  table  and  oth- 
er facts  have  been  extracted,  ascertained  by  experiments, 
that  ten  inches  of  snow,  on  an  average,  yielded  one  inch  of 
water. 

1783  Oct.  17,  18,  19,  tremendous  storm,  rain,  hail  and 
snow,  4  inches  6  tenths  of  water. 

1784,  Feb.  29,  the  coldest  Sabbath  since  Feb.  2!,  1773. 
— April    15,   16,  17,  great  storm,  rain  and  snow,  3  inches 
3  tenths  of  water  in  all. 

Dec.  2,  and  3,  great  rain,  4  inches  8  tenths. 

1785,  April  1  and  2,  snow  in  the  woods  settled  hard 
three  feet  upon  a  level,  and,  in  some  places,  more.  In  the 
morning,  the  scholars  skated  upon  the  snow  with  ease. 
April  15  ;  this  morning  Mr.  Isaac  Abbot  sledded  two  loads 
of  wood  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  over  walls  and  fences. 
Sept.  23,  24,  25,  great  rain,  4,  8.-— Oct.  20,  21,  22,  rained 
9,  0.— Oct.  24,  the  Merrimack  higher  than  in  the  remark- 
able freshet  in  1745. — Nov.  25,  snow  storm.  In  the  night 
the  wind  blew  the  snow  into  balls.  I  measured  one  on  the 
common,  which  began  in  a  point  and  ran  76  feet ;  it  meas- 
ured seventeen  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter  and  twenty  two 
inches  in  length.— Dec.  18,  frost  entirely  out  of  the  ground, 
weather  very  pleasant. 

1786,  Jan.  18,  Tuesday,  one  of  the  coldest  nights  ever 
known  in  this  climate. —  April  2,  there  fell  16  inches  of 
snow. — Dec.  5,  Tuesday,  great  snow  of  18  inches. — Dec. 
9,  Saturday,  it  began  to  snow  about  5  A.  M.,  and  continu- 
ed an  exceeding  great  storm  till  Sabbath  morning  9  o'clock; 
wind  very  high  at  N.  E. — Dec.  10,  no  meeting.  In  the 
forenoon  but  one  person  came  ;  P.  M.  but  4 ;  had  a  re- 
ligious exercise  in  my  own  house.  In  the  above  storm  sev- 
eral persons  in  the  country  were  frozen  to  death. 

180U.  July  20,  rain  1  inch  and  1  tenth  ;  only  one  tenth 


AGRICULTURE.  193 

since  the  27th  June.    July  30,  thunder  showers   and  great 
gale  of  wind,  which  did  great  damage  to  trees. 

[Mr.  French's  Journal.] 

Agriculture.  Farms  are  of  various  sizes,  from  ten  to 
three  hundred  acres.  Few  exceed  one  hundred  acres  lying 
together.  The  first  settlers,  unskilled  in  clearing  the  for- 
est, had  much  labor  and  difficulty  in  subduing  the  land  and 
preparing  it  for  a  crop. 

Arable  land,  till  within  fifty  years,  was  kept  under  con- 
stant tillage,  unless  so  worn  out  as  not  to  produce  a  crop ; 
and  then  it  was  left  to  recruit  without  grass  seed.  Rota- 
tion of  crops  was  rarely  attempted,  except  rye  and  corn  al- 
ternately. The  improvement  in  this  respect  has  been 
great. 

Wheat,  for  fifty  years  past,  has  been  raised  in  small 
quantities,  the  crop  being  uncertain.  Indian  corn  is  the 
principal  grain  crop,  and  has  always  been  cultivated,  not  on- 
ly for  bread,  but  for  feeding  cattle  and  swine. 

Potatoes,  in  1718,  were  planted  by  the  settlers  of  Lon- 
donderry in  the  garden  of  Nathaniel  Walker.  They  were 
raised  in  small  quantities  only  before  the  year  1770,  and 
were  little  used.  But  for  forty  years  past,  they  have  been 
in  constant  use  for  culinary  purposes  and  for  stock,  and  are 
very  valuable. 

Turnips  of  various  kinds  are  raised  principally  for  culi- 
nary purposes.  Mangel  Wurtzel  and  carrots  are  little  cul- 
tivated ;  they  are  worthy  of  consideration  for  stock.  Back' 
wheat  was  introduced  into  Andover  about  the  year  1778. 

Some  land,  on  many  farms,  has  been  reclaimed  within 
thirty  or  forty  years  ;  but  much  still  remains  unimproved. 
Constant  emigration  renders  labor  dear  and  improvement 
slow.  Little  has  been  done  at  draining  swamps,  and  little 
at  irrigation. 

Few  experiments  have  been  attempted  in  soiling.      Hon. 
17 


194  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

H.  Clark  has  done  more  at  this  than  any  other,  and  is  fully 
persuaded,  that  it  is  useful  and  profitable.  The  same  land 
improved  this  way  will  support  more  than  double  the  stock. 
He  is  of  opinion,  that  cows  are  as  profitable  for  dairy  through 
the  season,  as  when  pastured.  The  increased  quantity  of 
manure,  and  the  convenience  of  having  cows,  oxen  and  hor- 
ses at  hand,  will  amply  compensate  the  increased  labor. 

Not  much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  improvement 
of  stock,  whether  of  cattle,  sheep,  horses,  or  swine.  Those 
who  have  turned  their  attention  to  this  have  been  well  re- 
munerated. 

More  attention  has  been  paid  to  making  manure  than 
formerly ;  but  still  this  article  is  much  neglected.  Gypsum 
has  been  found  useful  on  some,  and  useless  on  other  land  ; 
but  sufficient  trial  of  its  efficacy  has  not  been  made.  Lime 
and  salt  have  not  been  fairly  tried  ;  nor  has  ploughing  in 
green  crops. — Ashes  have  been  found  good  manure.  Peat 
and  swamp  mud  are  among  the  best  materials  for  compost 
and  for  supplying  barn  and  hog  yards.  Very  few  barns 
have  cellars,  and  manure  is  exposed  to  evaporation  of  the 
sun  and  wind,  and  bleaching  of  the  rain. 

As  early  as  1662  orchards  are  mentioned  in  the  sale  of 
land.  The  trees  grew  luxuriantly  and  much  larger  than 
those  planted  within  the  last  sixty  or  seventy  years.* 
Most  of  the  first  planted  have  decayed,  and  many  have  dis- 
appeared. Considerable  attention  has  been  paid  to  renew- 
ing orchards  and  cultivating  the  best  varieties  of  fruit.  The 
raising  of  nurseries  has  been  much  neglected.  The  most 
extensive  nursery  was  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  Phillips,  plant- 
ed and  cultivated  by  Miss  Sarah  Abbot,  who  began  it  about 
1787.     She  engrafted  more  than   two  thousand  trees  in  a 

*  On  the  Shawshin  farm,  owned  by  the  Compiler,  there  is  an  Apple  tree  in  a 
state  of  decay,  which  measures  in  the  smallest  place  below  five  feet  above  ground, 
13  feet  and  one  inch  in  circumference.  About  5  1-9  feet  above  the  ground  it  is  divi- 
ded into  two  branches  ;  one  of  which  measuree  7  feet  and  tf  inches  and  the  other  9 
feet  in  circumference.    It  is  probably  the  largest  apple  tree  in  the  county. 


MANUFACTURES.  195 

season ;  and  about  ten  thousand  were  sold  from  that  nurse- 
ry. The  Pear  has  not  been  cultivated  except  for  the  table, 
and  in  small  quantities. 

The  town  is  well  supplied  with  wood  and  peat.  Pine 
and  oak  are  thrifty  after  the  old  wood  is  taken  off.  The 
price  of  wood  has  increased  much  within  twenty  years. 
Hard  wood  is  now  sold  at  $4,  to  4,34  a  cord.  A  considera- 
ble quantity  of  wood  and  timber  is  carried  to  market. 

An  Elm,  transplanted  by  Mr.  Jonathan  Frye  in  1725,  near 
Mr.  John  Peters' s  house,  measures  in  circumference,  two 
feet  above  the  ground,  13  feet  8  inches — 7  feet  above  the 
ground,  1 1|-  feet.    Diameter  of  the  limbs  more  than  80  feet. 

An  Elm  near  Mr.  Simeon  Putnam's,  one  foot  above 
ground,  16^  feet ;  6  feet  above  ground,  13  feet. 

An  Elm  near  Mr.  James  Abbot's,  one  foot  above  ground, 
18£  feet— 6  feet  above  ground  13  feet. 

Buttonwood  near  Mrs.  Phillips's,  one  foot  above  ground, 
11  feet — 4  feet  above  ground  9  foet. 

Capt.  Amos  Holt  dug  up  a  white  oak  tree  in  Mr.  Isaac 
Chandler's  pasture,  which  measured  in  circumference  21 
feet  at  one  foot  above  the  ground ;  the  limbs  of  the  tree 
spread  over  a  circle,  of  which  the  diameter  is  eight  rods  in 
length.  It  contained  8j  tons  of  ship  timber,  and  five  cords 
of  wood.  Capt.  Holt  received  for  the  stem  piece  for  the 
ship  Independence  $100,  and  a  present  of  $20  because  it 
was  so  good. 

Manufactures,  A  powder  mill,  in  the  winter  of  1775-6, 
was  built  at  great  expense  by  S.  Phillips  jun.  Esq.,  which 
was  probably  the  first  in  the  country.  In  1778  June  1, 
the  powder  house  was  blown  up,  and  three  persons  were 
killed.  1796,  Oct.  19,  two  persons  were  killed  by  ex- 
plosion of  the  powder  mill.  No  powder  has  been  since 
made  here. 

4  paper  mill  was  built  in   1788  by  Hon.  S.  Phillips, 


106  HISTORY  OP  ANDOVER. 

and  carried  on  by  Phillips  and  Houghton.  This  mill  was, 
about  1811,  burned.  The  mill  was  rebuilt  in  1812.  The 
value  of  paper  made  in  a  year  is  about  $10  000 ;  for 
the  making  of  which,  16  to  20  persons  are  employed. 

The  manufacturing  of  wool  was  commenced  in  1810,  by 
Mr.  Abraham  Marland,  a  native  of  Great  Britain.  Noth- 
ing before  this  was  done,  except  in  a  domestic  way  and  by 
a  carding  machine  put  in  operation  in  1802  by  James 
Scholfield,  which  was  the  third  in  the  county.  Blankets 
and  coarse  fabrics  were  made  for  the  Government  in  the 
last  war. 

In  1813,  14  and  15,  three  manufactories  for  wool  were 
put  in  operation  ;  and  in  1822,  two  others  were  built,  and 
one  other  since.  About  160,000  pounds  of  wool  of  Amer- 
can  growth  are  manufactured  into  upwards  of  480,000 
yards  of  flannel  in  a  year.  Cassimeres  are  also  manufac- 
tured. The  capital  in  these  establishments  is  estimated  at 
•$200,909 ;  about  300  working  people  are  employed,  of 
whom  about  100  are  females. 

John  Smith  and  Co.,  in  1824,  built  a  shop  for  ma- 
chinery for  cotton  mills,  72  feet  by  37  feet,  three  stories 
above  the  basement,  with  out  buildings  &,c.  About  30 
hands  are  here  profitably  employed. 

It  is  estimated  that  about  one  third  part  of  the  water 
power  is  now  used. 

1798.  Ames  and  Parker  set  up  a  printing  press  in  the 
S.  Parish,  did  little  business  and  for  a  short  time. 

1813.  Flagg  and  Gould  established  a  printing  office,  in 
which  business  has  been  carried  on  extensively,  not  only 
in  the  English  language,  but  also  in  the  Greek  and  He- 
brew. Their  office  is  supplied  with  types  for  printing 
eleven  of  the  oriental  languages. 

St.  Matthew's  Lodge  of  Free  Masons  was  chartered 
Aug.  1823. 


MANUFACTURES.  197 

Andover  Bank  was  incorporated  March  1826  ;  Samuel 
Farrar,  President,  Amos  Blanchard,  Cashier. 

Merrimack  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  was  incor- 
porated, Feb.  1828. 


17* 


APPENDIX. 


At  a  general  Court  at  Boston  6th  of  3d  month,  1646, 
Cutshamache,  Sagamore  of  Massachusetts,  came  into  the 
Court  and  acknowledged,  that  for  the  sum  of  £(i  and  a 
coat  which  he  had  already  received,  he  had  sold  to  Mr. 
John  Woodbridge,  in  behalf  of  the  inhabitants  of  Cochich- 
ewick,  now  called  Andover,  all  the  right,  interest  and  priv- 
ilege in  the  land  six  miles  southward  from  the  town,  two 
miles  eastward  to  Rowley  bounds,  be  the  same  more  or 
less  ;  northward  to  Merrimack  river,  provided  that  the  In- 
dian called  Roger,  and  his  company,  may  have  liberty  to 
take  alewives  in  Cochichewick  river  for  their  own  eating  ; 
but  if  they  either  spoil  or  steal  any  corn,  or  other  fruit  to 
any  considerable  value  of  the  inhabitants,  the  liberty  of 
taking  fish  shall  forever  cease,  and  the  said  Roger  is  still 
to  enjoy  four  acres  of  ground  where  now  he  plants  ;  and 
this  purchase  the  Court  allows  of,  and  have  granted  the 
said  land  to  belong  to  the  said  plantation  forever,  to  be  or- 
dered and  disposed  of  by  them,  reserving  liberty  to  the 
Court  to  lay  two  miles  square  of  their  southerly  bound  to 
any  town  or  village  that  may  hereafter  be  erected  there- 
abouts, if  so  they  see  cause. 

Cutshamache  acknowledged  this  before  the  magistrates, 
and  so  the  Court  approveth  thereof,  and  of  the  rest  of  this 
bill  to  be  recorded,  so  as  it  prejudice  no  former  grant.* 

*  Colony  Records. 


APPENDIX.  199 

1707,  Nov.  3.  A  committee  was  ordered  to  hear  the 
differences  respecting  the  place  for  a  meeting-house  in 
Andover. 

1708,  July.  The  report  of  the  Committee  was  not  ac- 
cepted, and  the  matter  was  referred  to  the  inhabitants. 

1708,  Nov.  2.  As  a  final  issue  of  the  case  of  Andover, 
referring  to  their  meeting-house,  it  appearing  by  the  scat- 
tered settlement  of  the  inhabitants  of  said  town  and  the 
insinuations  of  persons  attending  on  both  sides,  that  the 
town  is  capable  of  supporting  two  congregations  and  minis- 
ters, and  their  inclinations  thereto — 

Ordered,  that  they  be  forthwith  divided  into  two  dis- 
tinct precincts — and  that  Col.  Wainwright,  Major  Sewall, 
Maj.  Somersby  and  Nehemiah  Jewell  Esq.  be  a  Committee 
to  perform  that  division,  and  make  it  equal  for  a  north  and 
south  precinct,  within  the  space  of  two  months  next  com- 
ing, unless  in  the  interim,  the  town  agree  thereon  and 
make  it  themselves  ;  and  that  thereupon  the  north  divis- 
ion take  the  present  meeting-house  for  their  service,  and  re- 
pair and  add  to  it  as  they  please. 

That  there  be  forthwith  laid  out  for  the  ministry  of  the 
south  precinct  14  acres  of  land  for  a  houselot,  and  40  acres 
at  a  farther  distance,  part  of  it  low  land  to  make  meadow, 
of  the  common  land  in  said  precinct,  which  will  make 
them  equal  to  the  other  division,  to  be  for  the  use  of  the 
ministry  forever. 

That  the  inhabitants  and  proprietors  of  the  south  divis- 
ion build  a  convenient  meeting-house  for  their  own  use, 
and  a  ministry  house. 

Upon  all  which  Mr.  Barnard,  the  present  minister,  shall 
declare  his  choice  of  which  congregation  he  will  officiate  in, 
and  that  precinct,  north  or  south,  shall  fully  and  wholly  per- 
form the  past  contract  of  the  town  with  him,  and  the  other 
precinct  or  division  of  the  town  shall  call  and  settle  anoth- 
er minister  for  themselves. 


200  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

And  the  inhabitants  of  the  respective  precincts  are 
hereby  empowered,  &,c.  &,c. 

1709,  May  26,  The  report  of  the  Committee  for  di- 
viding Andover  into  two  precincts  which  described  the 
lines  between  them,  was  accepted.* 

At  a  lawful  general  Town  meeting  of  the  proprietors 
of  land  in  Andover  on  the  8th  day  of  March  1702,  for  the 
reviving  and  settling  our  former  agreement  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  Andover,  according  to  a  vote  formerly  passed  at 
a  town  meeting  in  the  year  16S1  : — 

Voted  and  passed,  that  Capt.  Christopher  Osgood,  Lt. 
John  Osgood,  Lt.  John  Barker.  Mr.  Dudley  Bradstreet,  Ens. 
John  Aslebe,  be  a  Committee  to  draw  up  and  revive  a  list 
of  the  names  of  those  men  that  were  formerly  acknowledg- 
ed the  proper  proprietors  of  the  land  in  Andover,  together 
with  a  preface  annexed  thereto,  and  to  offer  the  same  to 
the  town  for  their  consideration  and  confirmation :  have 
accordingly  drawn  up  and  offered  to  the  proprietors  then 
assembled  this  following  list  with  the  preface  to  it,  which, 
after  consideration  and  debate  upon  it,  was  voted  and  pass- 
ed to  acceptance,  and  to  be  forthwith  entered  on  the  town 
records. 

Whereas  there  was  formerly  a  vote  of  the  town  upon 
the  alteration  of  the  way  of  collecting  our  town  rates,  that 
all  such  as  were  then  house-holders  shall  upon  the  consid- 
eration of  the  proportion  they  bear  to  said  charges,  be 
privileged  in  all  regards  as  free  commoners  in  the  Town  of 
Andover,  and  to  enjoy  all  the  privileges  upon  all  divisions 
of  land  or  other  occasions,  according  to  the  burthen  of 
their  particular  taxes  ;  and  whereas  the  vote  not  being  du- 
ly entered  in  the  records  of  our  town,  it  has  been  since 
irrecoverably  lost ;  it  is  now  voted  and  passed,  that  those 
whose  names  are  underwritten   be  every  way  advantaged 

*  See  Province  Records. 


APPENDIX. 


201 


and  privileged  according  to  what  is  above  expressed  as  the 
substance  of  said  former  vote. 

A  list  of  the  names  of  the  proprietors  according  to  the 
town  vote. 


Mr.  Simon  Bradstreet 
Capt   John  Osgood 
Mr.  Francis  Dane 
Nicholas  Holt  sen. 
Joseph  Parker 
Richard  Barker  sen. 
John  Stephens  sen. 
John  Frye  sen. 
Thomas  Chandler 
John  Aslebe 
Henry  Ingalls 
Daniel  Poor 
Nathan  Parker 
Solomon  Martin 
Thomas  Farnum. 
William  Ballard 
Andrew  Allen 
Andrew  Foster  sen. 
John  Lovejoy  sen. 
William  Chandler  sen. 
Robert  Barnard 
Mr.  Edmond  Faulkner 
John  Russ  sen. 
George  Abbot  sen. 
George  Abbot  jr. 
Thomas  Poor 
Thomas  Johnson 
Ralph  Farnum 
John  Frye  jr. 
Samuel  Blanchard 
Mark  Graves 
Thomas  Rowell  \ 
John  Johnson 
Robert  Russell 
John  Stevens  jr. 
Timothy  Stevens 
Andrew  Foster  jr, 
Stephen  Johnson 
Nathan  Stevens 
Job  Tyler  , 

John  Bridges 
Joseph  Parker 
Christopher  Osgood 


Ephraim  Foster 

William  Barker 

Alexander  Sessions 

Laurence  Lacy 

Joseph  Robinson 
John  Faulkner 

Samuel  Ingalls 

Ebenezer  Barker 

John  Maston  jr. 

Henry  Ingalls  jr. 
(  Edward  Whittingham,  alias 
I  William  Abbot 

Nicholas  Nichols 

John  Preston 

John  Abbot 

George  Abbot 

William  Blunt 

Zechariah  Ayer  ) 

alias  Robert  Russell  S 

Joseph  Wileon 

Lt.  John  Barker 

John  Parker 

John  Maston  sen. 

Lt.  John  Osgood 

John  Farnum  sen. 

Timothy  Johnson 

Stephen  Barnard 

Nathaniel  Dane 

Thomas  Abbot 

Ephraim  Stevens 

Joseph  Stevens 

Stephen  Parker 

John  Granger 

Benjamin  Frye 

Samuel  Frye 

James  Frye 

Walter  Wright 

Hugh  Stone 

Joseph  Ballard 

Samuel  Holt 

Henry  Holt 

John  Russ  jr. 

Samuel  Marble 


202  HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 

Joseph  Marble  William  Lovejoy 

Samuel  Preston  William  Ballard  jr. 
Daniel  Bixby  Robert  Gray 

James  Holt  C  Hope  Tyler,  alias 

John  Chandler  (  Joseph  Parker 

Nicholas  Holt  jr.  Samuel  Hutchinson 
Samuel  Phelps  John  Lovejoy  jr. 

William  Johnson  Moses  Haggett 

At  a  legal  town  meeting  ordered  by  a  warrant  from  one 
of  her  Majesty's  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  order  to  the  voting 
in  of  more  proprietors  in  the  town,  which  was  on  the  28th 
day  of  January  in  the  year  1713-14. 

Whereas  the  original  purchase  of  the  land  of  this  town 
was  made  by  Mr.  John  Woodbridge  in  behalf  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  said  town,  and  confirmed  to  us  by  the  General 
Court  in  the  year  1646 :  and  whereas  the  said  town  at  all 
times  since  their  first  settlement  laid  out  and  divided  at 
their  several  meetings,  managed,  regulated,  settled  and  dis- 
posed of  the  land  as  they  saw  meet,  as  may  be  seen  by  the 
votes  and  records  of  the  said  town,  and  more  especially  as 
there  was  just  cause  and  reason,  enlarged  and  added  to 
the  number  of  proprietors  or  the  inhabitants  to  be  invested 
in  the  common  land  of  the  said  town,  as  may  be  seen  by  a 
record  of  the  said  town  voted  in  the  month  of  March  1702  : 
The  said  town  now  taking  into  their  consideration,  that 
there  are  a  considerable  number  of  inhabitants  and  free- 
holders of  the  said  town  that  were  not  at  the  meeting  afore- 
said admitted  or  voted  proprietors,  who  on  many  accounts 
deserve  claims  and  are  justly  entitled  thereunto  :  The  said 
town  do  therefore  now  see  cause  to  vote  in  and  add  to 
their  former  list  of  proprietors  the  persons  whose  names  are 
in  the  list  underwritten.  These  were  voted  to  be  privileg- 
ed in  all  regards  together  with  those  that  were  voted  in 
March  the  8th,  1702. 

William  Foster  Ebenezer  Frye 

Samuel  Osgood  Timothy  Osgood 

William  Chandler  Zebadiah  Chandler 


APPENDIX. 


203 


James  Bridges 
Nathaniel  Abbot 
William  Lovejoy  jr. 
Samuel  Peters 
Benjamin  Abbot 
Jonathan  Abbot 
Joseph  Chandler 
Francis  Dane 
Joseph  Chandler  jr. 
Henry  Chandler 
Richard  Barker 
Joseph  Osgood 
Josiah  Chandler 
Stephen  Barnard 
Benjamin  Russell 
Nathaniel  Abbot  jr. 
James  Barnard 
Henry  Holt  jr. 
Joseph  Preston 
Robert  Barnard 
Paul  Holt 
Daniel  Kimball 
Samuel  Preston  jr. 
Nathaniel  Frye 
John  Carlton  jr. 
Joseph  Parker 
Ralph  Farnum 
Henry  Farnum 
Thomas  Holt 
Edward  Gray 
Simon  Stone 
Braviter  Gray 
John  Russell 
Samuel  Phelps 
Joseph  Phelps 
Hezekiah  Ballard 
Josiah  lugalls 
Richard  Barker  jr. 
Thomas  Chandler 
Robert  Gray 
Jacob  Maston 
Thomas  Carrier  sen. 
Thomas  Carrier  jr. 
Thomas  Abbot  jr. 
John  Holt 
John  Poor 
Daniel  Poor 
Thomas  Russell 
Daniel  Faulkner 
Samuel  Austin 


Hamborough  Blunt 
William  Ward  well 
Samuel  Barker 
Joseph  Ballard 
John  Abbot  jr. 
John  Osgood  jr. 
Joseph  Emery 
Joseph  Wright 
John  Barnard 
Uriah  Ballard 
Oliver  Holt 
Moses  Holt 
John  lngalls 
John  Farnum  jr. 
James  Stevens 
Nathan  Stevens  jr. 
Abiel  Stevens 
Benjamin  Stevens  jr. 
David  Stevens 
Daniel  Robinson 
Samuel  Stevens 
Ebenezer  Osgood 
Jeremiah  Osgood 
Joseph  Maston 
George  Abbot  jr. 
Joseph  Osgood 
Mephibi.sheth  Bixby 
John  Barker  jr. 
Nehemiah  Abbot 
Jonathan  Farnum 
John  Abbot  jr. 
Daniel  Abbot 
William  Barker  jr. 
Hannaniah  Barker 
John  Barker  sen. 
Samuel  Barker  j  . 
Nicholas  Holt  jr. 
Jacob  Preston 
Timothy  Moar 
James  Holt 
Ebenezer  Russell 
Josiah  Holt 
Samuel  Blunt 
John  Carlton  sen. 
George  Holt 
John  Foster 
Ebenezer  Lovejoy 
Joseph  Lovejoy 
Jonathan  Blanchard 
Samuel  Farnum 


204 


HISTORY  OF  ANDOVER. 


David  Abbot 
Ephraim  Foster  jr. 
Samuel  Smith 
Ephraim  Abbot 
Henry  Lovejoy 
John  Chandler  jr. 
Thomas  Chandler  jr. 
Thomas   Johnson  jr. 


Ezekiel  Osgood 
Timothy  Abbot 
Jamts  Farnum 
Joseph  Abbot 
Joseph  Foster 
Philemon  Chandler 
Christopher  Lovejoy 


BtfD, 


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